Pedestrians Mobility on Public Sidewalks Evaluated by the IAAPE Method

This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil using the IAAPE （indicators of attraction and pedestrian accessibility） method. The concept of walkability corresponds to the simple act of walking in a pleasant way along the footpaths. Therefore, the IAAPE method was used, which considers aspects of connectivity, comfort, conviviality, coexistence, convenience, clarity and commitment in relation to the space evaluated. In this study, 40 adults, elderly, pregnant and wheelchair subjects were interviewed for evaluating the importance criteria on public sidewalks for a given type of user. In general, reduced sidewalk dimensions and obstacle presence are the main displacement hurdles in most of the cases analyzed. Thus, improvements are needed to avoid stress situations that arise from daily routine, to encourage physical activities, accessibility, and the emergence of meeting and leisure points.

Ensuring Rural Mobility through Demand Responsive Transport, Experiences from Austria

Embedded in an INTERREG IVc project called Flexible Transport Services （FTS） and Information and Communication Technology （ICT） platform for Eco-Mobility in urban and rural European areas （acronym： FLIPPER）, the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria, analysed impacts of Flexible Transport Services focusing on Demand Responsive Public Transport （DRT）. This includes the analysis of site characteristics, the existing mobility demand, accessibility, area needs, current environmental impact, operational, financial and organisational constraints; designing of the service and definition of the supporting organisational measures required. Examples of realised services in Alpine areas in Austria confirm the effects on people＇s daily mobility and all its consequences towards society and environment. Main effects are the decrease of public funding needs and ensuring a basic transport supply even in rural areas. Additionally, there is a strong component of social inclusion in this service, increasing the quality of life capable to contribute to the deceleration of the out migration. As secondary effects, economic effects and environmental effects can be observed. The potential of these services are not fully utilised today and can be achieved through further extensions of service area as well as technical developments.

休息的政治:动员-科层制度对公私关系的塑造研究——基于鄂西H镇的调研

公域与私域的划分是官僚科层制的关键,但是在发展中国家公私边界往往受政治动员体制的影响,导致公私互侵、边界模糊。文章结合官僚科层制和政治动员制,提出了“动员-科层”体制的概念。在“动员-科层”体制下,科层制中的公私分明特征逐渐消退,公域与私域的边界日益模糊,公域侵占了私域,私域同样渗透到公域中,工作不再与私人生活分离,基层干部无法休息成为常态。文章以基层干部的休息为研究对象建构“动员-科层”分析框架解释基层干部的休息问题,将休息概念化、理论化。研究发现,在“动员-科层”双重体制下,动员制与科层制相互嵌入,进而导致公域与私域相互渗透,这一过程塑造并影响了基层干部的公共和私人行为,其过载运行引发了基层干部的休息问题。不同的动员-科层制度组合对基层干部休息的影响程度不同,动员制嵌入科层制的程度越深,对基层干部休息的影响就越大。

公有云桌面在学校移动办公中的应用研究

随着移动办公的普及,教育行业面临适应新技术的需求,以满足师生及家长对灵活、高效办公环境的期望。公有云桌面通过提供可随时随地访问的虚拟工作环境,不仅优化资源配置,还增强数据安全和协作效率。该技术支持多种终端接入,保障学校信息系统的持续可用性和教育资源的均等性。通过实证分析,探讨公有云桌面在学校移动办公中的应用效果,为教育行业的信息化转型提供理论与实践的支持。

Validating the CorrectWearing of Protection Mask by Taking a Selfie:Design of a Mobile Application“CheckYourMask”to Limit the Spread of COVID-19

In a context of a virus that is transmissive by sputtering,wearing masks appear necessary to protect the wearer and to limit the propagation of the disease.Currently,we are facing the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an infectious disease with first symptoms similar to the flu.The symptom of COVID-19 was reported first in China and very quickly spreads to the rest of the world.The COVID-19 contagiousness is known to be high by comparison with the flu.In this paper,we propose a design of a mobile application for permitting everyone having a smartphone and being able to take a picture to verify that his/her protection mask is correctly positioned on his/her face.Such application can be particularly useful for people using face protection mask for the first time and notably for children and old people.The designed method exploits Haar-like feature descriptors to detect key features of the face and a decision-making algorithm is applied.Experimental results show the potential of this method in the validation of the correct mask wearing.To the best of our knowledge,our work is the only one that currently proposes a mobile application design“CheckYourMask”for validating the correct wearing of protection mask.

中国失踪儿童互助Mobile GIS系统的设计与实现

针对目前失踪儿童案件频发且寻回率低这一社会问题,系统致力于为失踪儿童家庭和社会提供最为便捷高效的免费民间互助寻亲服务。依托基于位置的服务技术、人脸图像智能识别技术、云计算技术、公众大数据共享技术、移动互联网等技术的协同研究,从而构建移动GIS平台下的失踪儿童互助系统,实现了在寻找失踪儿童过程中有关公众案件的大数据登记与共享以及基于空间位置的人脸图像云端识别、移动互联网地图时序化标注、案例空间化自动追踪与高效反馈等一系列功能。目前系统运行平稳,已接收并发布了全国千余条寻人图文信息,将为亲属、政府、公众以及执法部门之间架起爱心互助的桥梁。

A DRM System Based on Mobile Agent for Digital Rights Redistribution

We propose a digital rights management （DRM） system based on mobile agent to protect the copyrights of content providers. In the system, the content provider creates a time limited blackbox out of an original agent and dispatches it to the user end to enforce DRM functions. The blackbox is an agent that can resist the attacks from the malicious user in a certain time interval. Owing to digital rights redistribution support, the user whose rights belong to redistribution category can transfer his rights to other users. Moreover, by introducing public key infrastructure （PKI） and certificate authority （CA） role, the security of the session can be ensured. An analysis of system security and performance and a comparison with traditional DRM system is given.

30 years of the transformation of non-urban public transport in Poland's peripheral areas – what went wrong?

Transport-based social exclusion is currently a serious social problem in Poland,and one which is apparently most severe at the level of the county(Polish powiat)in the south-eastof the country,including the Beskid Niski and Bieszczady Mountains.A deeper illustration of this problem requires both observation of changes in the suburban public-transport network and the identification of areas in which this has deteriorated significantly in quantity and quality.The chosen starting point for the research was therefore 1990,as a year in which–on the one hand–the Polish economy was already shifted to the new free-market principles;while–on the other–state PKS(Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej)non-urban bus transport enterprises still dominated public transport.The endpoint of the study is then the beginning of 2019(the author's research year).The article introduced here seeks to identify and present cartographically the changes affecting the public-transport network in the study area over the last 30 years,as well as to point to possible consequences of these processes.The background of the described changes is also discussed,as are the observed consequences of what is taking place.

Scheduling Mobile Data Services in a Bluetooth

Public buses play an important role in public transportation in most parts of the world and it is still the dominant public transportation mode in some regions. Nowadays, as people switch to a mobile lifestyle, they spend significant amount of time on the traveling to work, back and forth. However, not much research has been done on how to provide some on-board service for those commuters in the public bus. This paper presents a Bluetooth-based system which is inexpensive, yet flexible, and scalable to serve commuters in a personalized manner using Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. However, from the Bluetooth specification, one Bluetooth dongle can connect to at most seven other Bluetooth devices. As we expect more than 7 users to use the services provided in the Bluetooth-based system (a full double-deck bus can carry around 100 passengers), we need to work out an effective scheduler to schedule all the private services on the Bluetooth servers in the bus. This paper also describes a scheduling algorithm that exploits the park mode feature of the Bluetooth specification to allow more users to have access to the Bluetooth services on the bus.

Enhanced Women Safety and Well-Suited Public Bus Management System in Bangladesh Using IoT

IoT can aid alliance of communication, monitor and information processing across various transportation systems. The authors have developed a real time public bus management system based on IoT and android application. The authors have used GPS (Global Positioning System) to track the nearest location of the bus and police station;IR sensor is used for checking seat availability. The authors also use a Panic Alert Button on every seat of the bus to reduce women harassment. With the press of the panic alert button, the notification sends to the owner and the nearest police station with the current location of the bus.

Civic and Social Applications to Support Public Policies on Health

The discussion with emphasis on social control is expressed in new guidelines for its effectiveness through normative instruments and the legal creation of institutional spaces that guarantee the participation of organized civil society in the direct supervision of the executive in the three spheres of government.Social participation for the strengthening of public health in Brazil has undergone complex processes of change,which have resulted in an increasingly qualified,deliberative,independent,and representative social control system.However,policy makers need to identify new technologies and carefully analyze their potential before they begin to exert their breaking power in the economy and society.Mobility and unlimited connectivity deserve special attention from the public power for the ability to achieve the digital inclusion of the citizen through smartphones.This requires a transformation of the governance structure into a platform that is based on the tripod transparency,participation,and collaboration,which relies on the Internet,social networks and connectivity.

Simulations of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Related to the Use of Public Transport for Students in a Higher Education Institution in Southern Brazil

Carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from motor vehicles have been increasing in large urban centers,thus contributing to air pollution.The general objective of this study is to analyze simulations of CO2 emissions among students who use public transport in the city of Passo Fundo,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.Methodologically,this study was developed in three stages:(1)verification of the time used by higher education students at Faculdade Meridional(IMED)in relation to urban mobility;(2)understanding of the transport mode used by these students,taking into account the one which appears with the highest incidence;(3)simulating CO2 emissions from the modes of transport used by students after the application of the Environmental Impact Simulator(EIS)used by the National Public Transport Association(ANTP,in Portuguese)for the modeling of transport indexes aimed at analyzing CO2 emissions.When considering the total of 3,079 students who assigned to a sample of 66 questionnaires,a reduction of CO2 emissions of 4,527.04 kg during a year in relation to the use of public transport was found.

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of nighttime urban vibrancy in central Shanghai inferred from mobile phone data

In recent years,major cities around the world such as New York in USA,Melbourne in Australia,and Shanghai in China,have planned to boost their nighttime urban vibrancy levels to spur the economy and achieve cultural diversity.The study of nighttime urban vibrancy from the perspective of spatiotemporal characteristics is increasingly being recognized as part of the essential work in the field of urban planning and geography.This research used mobile phone signaling records to measure urban vibrancy in central Shanghai and revealed its spatiotemporal patterns during nighttime.Specifically,this research explored the changes of urban vibrancy within a day,studied the distribution of urban vibrancy during the nighttime,and visually presented the spatiotemporal changes of nighttime urban vibrancy in central Shanghai.Moreover,on the basis of the behavior pattern of each mobile user,we classified nighttime urban vibrancy into three different types:nighttime working vibrancy,nighttime leisure vibrancy,and nighttime floating vibrancy.We then tried to determine how land use affected nighttime leisure vibrancy.The results showed that urban vibrancy in central Shanghai exhibits a periodic pattern over one-day period.A high-level nighttime urban vibrancy belt is present within central Shanghai.Business offices,hotels,entertainment and recreational districts,wholesale markets,and express services contribute most to the vibrancy at nighttime.In addition,the correlation analysis shows that public and commercial facilities generate high levels of nighttime leisure vibrancy than residential facilities.The mixed land use of public and commercial facilities and residential facilities within 500 m is more critical than the mixed use of a single land lot.The research can be a basis for supporting land use planning and providing evidence for policy-making to improve the level of nighttime urban vibrancy in cities.

Hanoi Public TransportmTransformation by Management Using Action Research and Behavior Setting Theory

After the economic reforms in Vietnam, the number of motorbikes surged while public transport lost its passengers. No funds for investment available TRAMOC （Transport Management and Operation Centre）, the Transport Management and Operation Center started the experiment of transforming Hanoi Public Transport by management based on action research, introducing some interventions, which had shown to be effective in Europe. Phase I of the experimental approach was carried out with the smallest company that operated Line 32. The number of daily passengers surged from 1,700 to 8,000. In Phase II, the experiment was extended to the whole net. In 2001, there were 35,000 passengers per day, in 2010, there were 1 million; this is an increase of 3,000%. The result surpassed by far the expectations. The key for understanding the surprising results is the mode choice. 53% of the users are riders by choice; they have access to a car or motorbike. Simulation of the decisions as rational choice based on time needed for trips was proved to be quite accurate. Behavior was analyzed in the frame of behavior setting theory, which brings together urban structure and the design of the transport system. Success with introducing public transport needs a self-reliant leadership, which works with people in their real life situation. An urban transport system is part of the organized behavior of the people, who make use of the technical opportunities offered.

Public Initiatives Aiming at the Cycling System in a City in Southern Brazil

The discussion about the use of the bicycle as a means of transport has been gaining importance on a global scale,although countries like Brazil still have urban mobility difficulties caused by how urban densification occurs,the growing number of motor vehicles and the lack of space for the construction of cycle paths in cities.The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the result of public policies aimed at the implementation of bicycle paths,with the“Passo Fundo Vai de Bici”Program created to investigate the variations in intensity in relation to the areas served by the current incentive for active cycling mobility in the city of Passo Fundo(South of Brazil).Methodologically,Google Earth Pro satellite images were used to map the existing bike paths in the city.Subsequently,geographic coordinate points and altitudes of specific locations on the bike paths and bike sharing stations were collected,generating a database,transferred to the Qgis 3.10 software for the preparation of heat maps.The results showed the lack of integration between the cycling systems analyzed by the distance factor,needing to encourage discussions about its expansion and functionality,consolidating it as an urban public policy of local functionality to foster sustainable transport.

共同富裕背景下公共服务均等化对城乡居民收入差距的作用机制与实践检验

基于2011—2020年省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型、中介效应模型检验了公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响、作用机制及空间差异。结果表明:第一,公共服务均等化水平的提升能够有效降低城乡居民收入差距;第二,公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响存在空间异质性,在西部地区、人口净流出较多的地区,公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响更为显著;第三,公共服务均等化可以通过促进劳动力流动与人力资本积累两个渠道影响城乡收入差距。研究结论为国家和政府在新时期推动经济持续稳定发展、保障和改善民生、全面推动社会建设、促进共同富裕提供了参考。

公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响

以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化,提高人口整体素质是关键。而流动人口公共健康权益的可获得性和可及性程度又是增强流动人口身体素质、定居意愿、城市融入的关键因素。通过分析2018年全国流动人口动态监测数据(China Migrants Dynamic Survey,简称CMDS),聚焦少数民族流动人口在流入地公共健康权益的现状,进一步使用二分变量对数比回归模型实证分析少数民族流动家庭公共健康权益可及性对定居意愿发生比的影响,关注家庭主要劳动力(个体)和家庭其他成员(幼童、孕产妇)公共健康权益可及性对少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响,并探讨不同特征的少数民族流动人口健康权益可及性对家庭定居意愿的异质性影响。研究发现:一是公共健康权益可获得性、可及性程度对少数民族流动人口定居意愿存在显著正向影响,且影响效应存在差异。家庭成员公共健康权益的影响效应大于个体影响效应,但孕产妇公共健康权益可获得性与家庭定居意愿没有显著相关关系。二是不同健康权益项目对单个个体健康权益可及性的影响权重不同。健康档案项目对个体公共健康权益的影响效应最大,疫苗接种项目对幼童公共健康权益的影响效应最大,孕产妇四项公共健康权益项目的作用相差不大。三是不同个体获得公共健康权益数量越多,其定居意愿发生比越高,但影响效应不同。公共健康权益可及性程度对于受教育程度低、夫妻两地分居、省内跨市流动的少数民族流动人口定居意愿的影响更大。

公共教育与人民公社时期农村集体办学的实践路径--基于“十女办学”者的口述历史分析

现代化需要最基本的社会动员,而办学和普及教育是农村社会动员最重要的途径。依据20世纪60年代西南农村妇女办学的口述资料,考察人民公社时期集体办学状况,展现农村集体时代民办女教师的来源、社会功能、生活保障和教育教学实践样态。“教育翻身”的新社会新国家情怀是青年妇女献身艰苦教育岗位的内在动力;“两条腿走路”的公共教育办学方针、地方干部深入基层和大胆实践的精神,促成了女青年上山办学和志愿从教;她们在农村集体组织中,结合农村生产生活特点办起了灵活有效的“耕读学校”;“民办教师”的社会主义集体认同,激发了她们前所未有的办学活力,村庄和学校都是女教师们的社会舞台;她们是我国农村集体化时代社会主义现代教育的探索者。面对当前乡村建制化学校和教师队伍疏离乡村等问题,公共教育必须依托农村新生的集体力量,通过激发乡村教育和妇女社会活力,促进劳动合作、集体生活、学校与社区融合,新时期乡村振兴才能得以生根,社会主义公共教育活力才能得以复苏。

中国城镇居民教育代际流动性的测量及影响因素分析

利用最新一轮开展的中国家庭收入调查数据,实证测量了中国城镇居民教育代际流动性及其影响效应。结果发现:利用子代-父辈受教育程度的交叉列联表,发现城镇居民教育代际流动性呈整体上升趋势,结构性流动率高于循环性流动率,教育向上流动趋势明显;利用普通最小二乘法结合逐项回归思想发现父亲对子代受教育程度的影响效应高于母亲,父母亲受教育程度每提升1年,子代接受学历教育年限数将提高0.31年和0.234年;对性别做进一步地异质性分析,发现女性教育代际流动性对父亲受教育程度的依赖性更强,男性则对母亲具有更强的依赖性,而公共教育扩张政策对教育代际流动性的影响效应存在非线性的变化趋势。

语言社会动员功能的发挥机制——基于抗疫标语口号的话语分析

社会动员是突发公共卫生事件应急治理的重要环节,语言具有重要的社会动员功能,标语口号是社会动员的重要语言媒介。突发公共卫生事件动员性话语通过突出防控要求、防控姿态、信息甄别、制度政策等主题内容,完成通告普及、安慰鼓励、劝阻禁止、告诫警醒、倡导宣扬、致敬感恩等语义功能。在话语实践中,动员性话语有必要采用策略性框架达到凸显、强调的动员效果。突发公共卫生事件中语言社会动员的话语建构机制是在基本的情感动员的基础上配合知识动员进而开展行动动员,目的是构建广泛的话语共识,实现预期动员功能。