Value Assessment of Ecosystem Service Function of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Wenchang City

Based on the measurement parameters and index in the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008),the value of ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Wenchang City was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the total value of ecosystem service function of ecological public welfare forests in Wenchang City is about 4.020 billion yuan,of which storage capacity,water purification,soil fixation,fertilizer(N,P and K fertilizer) conservation,carbon sequestration,oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,providing anion,absorbing SO_2,absorbing fluoride,absorbing NxO,absorbing soil heavy metals,dust retention,noise reduction,sterilization,forest protection,forest biodiversity protection,and forest recreation(ecological tourism) are about 1.510 billion,582.256 million,3.769 million,268.220 million,116.360 million,2.747 million,22.682 million,42.817 million,1.722 million,74,600,131,900,187.918 million,77.409 million,28.721 million,43.090 million,180.696 million,571.036 million,and 108.677 million yuan

Social Marketing:An Advocacy Empirical Analysis of Service Objects of Public Welfare Organizations

The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change the behavior,attitude,concept,and so on of target audiences.For the public welfare organization,the basis of its service project design is the organization's mission and location.The key to achieve the organizational mission is to be able to lock the service objects and respond to the needs of service objects effectively.This research is based on the theoretical framework of social marketing and based on the questionnaire survey and analysis of the advocacy effectiveness and problems of service objects of the 327 public service organizations in China.Using the Delphi method and the entropy method,the 6P model of social marketing for service objects advocacy in the field of domestic public welfare practice is concise,and a new operational mechanism for service objects advocacy of public welfare organizations is proposed to implement the mission and value of public welfare organizations and contribute to the change of service objects.

Recommendations for Construction and Management of Ecological Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

This paper firstly evaluated ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province. Then,it introduced value structure and existing problems of ecological service functions. Focusing on optimization and adjustment of scale and distribution of ecological public welfare forest,it came up with recommendations for construction and management of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

Construction and Management of Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

Through investigating ecological service functions of public welfare forest in Hainan Province, this paper explored type constitution and problems of its ecological service functional value, optimization of its scale and layout, promoted effective protection and benign development, and proposed strategies for the construction and management of public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

Analysis of the reasons for the bottleneck of public hospitals＇ return to public welfare

At the present stage, the public hospital has not stopped the pace of reform , although they are starting from the interests of the people, but also made some achievements, but there are still many problems in the process of reform. Especially many scholars including the national government for public hospitals return to public welfare, bat in actual operation there are many are contrary to the nature of public welfare, there is an inherent logic contradiction between theory and practice, the public hospital is difficult to return to public welfare. The path of public welfare regression of public hospitals by the layers of obstacles, this article through the literature study, on-the-spot investigation, interview method to study the fundamental crux of the problem, combined with other path synthesis Research has laid a good theoretical foundation for public hospitals to return to public welfare as soon as possible

Under the perspective based on ＂collective action system＂ of public hospital reform return to public welfare standard

In recent years, with this social problem of＂Medical treatment is difficult and expensive＂ has not been effectively addressed, ＂Doctor-patient conflicts＂ phenomenon emerge in endlessly, medical costs increase every year, the city public hospital reform continues to be the focus of attention of government and society In this paper, the theory of governance of public ponds of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson＇s theory of logic of collective action as the theoretical basis of this study, Through the entire medical stakeholders together to form a medical community, the formation of multiple, independent management of public hospitals and the whole public health care system.

Changes in the Supply of Public Intermediate Goods,Fixed Wage,and the Relative Price in the Harris-Todaro Model

Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public intermediate goods provided by the government,the increase in the fixed wage rate in the urban sector,and the changes in the relative international prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods on labor employment,unemployment,and the economic welfare in the context of a small open economy.It also proposes relevant policies to reduce the unemployment rate while improving national welfare.

Impact of eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests on the incomes of farmers

The strategy of rural revitalization puts ecology and economic development at the same level,in order to explore whether the eco-efficiency compensation policy for public welfare forests can achieve a“win-win”for both ecology and people livelihood.This study probed into the consideration of income structure and used OLS analysis to conduct an empirical analysis on a sample of 443 households in Shaanxi Province.It was found that the eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests had not only a significantly positive effect on the forestry income and the total income of farm households,but also had a constructive influence on the non-forestry income,though smaller and less significant,which was closely attributed to the original income structures of these farm households.In addition,personal and household characteristics such as age,educational level and labor force size played decisive roles to nonforestry income and total income of farm households as well.

Public Welfare Crowdfunding in the Context of the ＂Charity Law＂

The formulation and promulgation of the ＂Charity Law＂ provides the legal basis for various forms of charitable activities, and also makes more and more commonweal activities go forward.And It also provides legal guidelines and direction for the increasingly active but ＂mixed＂ Internet public crowdfunding, and ensures smooth operation. Although the ＂Charity Law＂ still lacks certain aspects of public crowdfunding, it still outweighs its disadvantages and is Respected. Based on the relevant articles of the ＂Charity Law＂, this article elaborates on the ＂Charity Law＂ brought to public welfare crowdfunding from the main bodies of fund-raising, the flow of charity, charity donation and personal assistance.

《学前教育法(草案)》中的若干法律问题

《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》现已提请审议,学前教育领域的专门法律即将出台。此次立法完善应当把握好学前教育普惠、公益的总体方向,进一步考虑学前教育的法律定位、《中华人民共和国学前教育法》的调整范围、学前教育机构的规划与举办、学前教育机构的财政保障、学前教育机构的管理体制以及教职工队伍建设等若干法律问题。通过对以上法律问题的思考,提出了对法律条文的具体修改建议,确保即将出台的《中华人民共和国学前教育法》既符合时代要求,又贴近现实需要,保障学前教育的法治化和规范化发展。

社区基金会多样态发展成因及其优势比较

当前,我国社区基金会发展日渐呈现出企业发起型、政府发起型、社会组织发起型、居民发起型和混合发起型等多样态实践,虽其整体上有共性特征,但在实践中每一类型社区基金会甚至每一个社区基金会均有其特色。从合法性获取差异、核心利益相关方构成以及发展策略差异等角度入手,有利于厘清和把握不同类型社区基金会在基层治理新格局中功能发挥的异同之处。为了在实践中科学指导不同类型社区基金会实现差异化发展,使其更好地在多主体共建共治共享的基层治理新格局中充分发挥自身优势作用,需要在深入分析不同类型社区基金会内在行动逻辑的基础上,精准理解其组织运行逻辑以及制度蕴含。

重述“技术公益主义”:人工智能立法的一般理论与实践

随着人工智能技术的不断发展,具有人文价值精神的“技术公益主义”理论正在全方位地渗透到人工智能立法之中。该理论既是对“技术中立论”“技术决定论”的批判,又推动了人工智能立法由“公众权益保障”框架向“公共风险规制”框架的转型。这种转型在欧盟、中国以及美国立法上展现出不同的形态:欧盟人工智能立法对“技术公益主义”理论采取了“半开放性”修正;中国以地方立法试验为主,并展现出强烈的包容性“技术公益主义”倾向;美国则更加注重“技术公益主义”的软法之治。然而,上述实践也表明,当前人工智能立法中“技术公益主义”忽视了市场驱动力(私利)保护,导致了权利义务责任的配置失衡,进而影响了人工智能立法的适用范围。综合上述理论发展与实践探索,“技术公益主义”的理论发展应当更加注重技术价值与法律价值的相互构建、技术公益与责任公益的紧密衔接、立法与软法的协同推进,从而进一步为全人类的可持续发展凝聚出人工智能立法共识。

高质量发展视域下加强公立医院思想政治工作的实践与思考

思想政治工作是中国共产党的优良传统、鲜明特色和政治优势,是一切工作的生命线。本文通过文献研究结合实践总结,阐述思想政治工作对公立医院高质量发展的重要意义,剖析当前思想政治工作的薄弱之处,聚焦筑牢理想信念、砥砺为民初心、培育高素质人才等方面,探索新时期加强医院思想政治工作的实践路径,凝练了“三聚焦三结合三统一”的工作方法,为推进医院高质量发展提供强大动力。

社会保障的与时俱进:理念、范式和政策工具

在更高的发展阶段上,面对科技创新和制度创新的新环境,中国社会保障制度面临的挑战和应有的出路可以概括如下。首先,传统的受益人识别机制越来越难以为继,这种识别的必要性也日益降低,要求制度体系转向更加普惠和普世。其次,尽力而为和量力而行原则既体现统一性,也体现动态性,两者并非匀质和静止的关系。在中国所处发展阶段上,政府社会性支出的增长应该速度更快、幅度更大。再次,顺应公共品边界随着人均收入提高而扩展的一般规律,以全体居民全生命周期为对象的基本公共服务供给体系的完善,要求对现有社会保险、社会救助和社会福利服务等各项制度进行整合。最后,在改变理念和范式的前提下,中国式福利国家建设需要通过改革清除制度性障碍。

论集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律构造

集体公益性建设用地使用权的法律供给严重不足,学者观点又存在较大分歧。在“房地一体”登记下,集体土地所有权的代表行使主体享有独立的集体公益性建设用地使用权,并应平等、补充适用《土地管理法》与《民法典》。界分村级组织集体公益性建设用地使用权的登记主体是村民委员会还是农村集体经济组织,应尽量登记给村民委员会。集体公益性建设用地使用权的设立宜采取拨用而非划拨的方式,并经登记生效;其不能抵押,但可以在不降低公益效用的前提下,经政府机关批准和集体成员民主议定,采取转让、互换等方式处分。集体公益性建设用地使用权因集体公益收回应当符合比例原则,因经营性转化应当明确转化的条件、程序、方式和收益分配。

中国公益林生态补偿制度的历史演进、现实困境与路径探索

梳理中国公益林生态补偿制度的历史演进与实践探索,分析公益林生态补偿制度的现实困境,并提出提升路径的政策建议。结果表明:从历史演进来看,中国公益林生态补偿制度分为起始阶段、探索阶段、推广阶段和深化阶段;从实践来看,公益林生态补偿制度历经了补偿标准调整、分类补偿推广、市场化和多元化生态补偿制度探索;从现实困境来看,公益林生态补偿制度仍存在补偿标准较低、补偿标准单一、补偿资金筹集渠道偏窄、自身造血能力弱等现实困境。应从动态调整补偿标准、分类补偿探索、多元化补偿筹资渠道以及公益林自身经营管理等方向深化改革探索。

“三治融合”何以赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护——基于内生动力的视角

内生动力不足是困扰农村集体公益设施建设和管护的重要因素。文章以西安市长安区四皓村美丽乡村建设为例,分析“三治融合”如何激发内生动力进而赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护:首先,“三治融合”构成的农村“现代公共规则”与农村发展内生动力中的认同、参与、资源等基本要素相嵌合;其次,以党组织为核心的组织机构,通过“三治融合”的治理模式,形成内外部力量的有效互动,构建不同价值的双重循环,搭建个体与集体间的利益关联,产生农村集体公益设施建设和管护中的内驱力;最后,乡村公共事务治理不能仅依赖外部力量的介入,内外力量的互动是农村发展过程中内生动力生成的逻辑前提,构建村民个体与村社共同体的关联和认同是关键。

在线教育:政府监管的逻辑、缺位与智慧治理体系构建

线上教育作为一种新型的教育形式,正成为人们青睐的学习方式。近年来由于在线教育的准入门槛低,尤其新冠疫情时期其“野蛮式”的发展,导致问题丛生,办学乱象频频被曝光,给受教育者带来伤害,也增加了社会的不稳定因素。教育公益性理论、政府职能理论、新公共治理理论为政府监管提供了理论基石。目前,在线教育政府监管缺位的主要表现在制度建设、行业标准、市场监管、社会监督四个方面。随着我国新时代教育与现代信息技术的高度融合,在线教育智慧治理是一种开放、多元、便捷的治理方式,以具有数字政府、参与型社会、智能化技术为三大核心要素,以大数据为驱动力,以互联网、人工智能等现代信息技术为支撑,建立多元参与的协同治理新机制,从组织层、应用层、技术层、环境层四个层面,构建了一套在线教育智慧治理体系,进而为在线教育治理现代化乃至全球教育治理提供中国智慧和中国方案。

省级公益类科研院所创新绩效评估及实证研究

在深化完善科研院所分类改革背景下,构建以创新质量和贡献为导向的包括创新基础、创新产出、成果转化、履职定位、创新环境在内的公益类科研院所创新绩效评价指标体系,并基于山西省省属科研院所数据,对三类科研院所创新绩效进行测度。研究发现:(1)公益一类、公益二类、转制事业单位三类科研院所在职责任务、服务对象和资源配置上存在着较大不同,绩效评价重点也因之变化;(2)比较创新绩效差异性,三类院所在履职定位和创新环境方面得分较为均衡,而在成果转化、创新产出、创新基础3个指标呈现较大差异;(3)省级公益类科研院所在基础设施、创新平台、高层次人才、创新产出、科技成果转化方面有待改善。基于此,针对不同类型科研院所创新绩效水平提升提出策略,以期为地方科研事业单位创新绩效改革提供决策依据。

贯彻最有利于学前儿童的原则:立法与实践的双重审视

学前教育高质量发展是实现“幼有优育”的必由之路,而立法则是促进学前教育高质量发展的有力保障。《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》以最有利于学前儿童的原则为根本立场,旨在解决学前教育实践中面临的诸多问题。《草案》强调以公益普惠为基本方向,保障学前儿童的受教育权和参与权;推进科学保教,遵循学前儿童的身心发展规律;规定家园社三方协同育人责任,优化学前儿童的成长环境。尽管《草案》在许多方面具有前瞻性和指导意义,充分体现了对学前儿童权益的高度重视,但在具体实施上,仍需进一步完善相关条款,健全相应的制度保障。