THE JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS Information for Authors

The Journal of Human Rights publishes original works in law,philosophy,political science and other disciplines which deal with concepts,measurement tools and policy alternatives from human rights perspectives.Please submit your manuscripts to the following e-mail address:JHRsubmissions@cupl.edu.cn.

Book on Citizens' Legal Rights Published

A book on the legal rights of citizens has been published by the China Procuratorate Publishing House.

Chinese Version of a Textbook on Rights Published

A textbook, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (second revised edition), has been translated into Chinese under the sponsorship of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and published by the Sichuan People’s Publishing House.

Photo-activated microtubule targeting drugs: Advancing therapies for colorectal cancer

Over the years immunotherapy has demonstrably improved the field of cancer treatment.However,achieving long-term survival for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients remains a significant unmet need.Combination immunotherapies incor-porating targeted drugs like MEK or multi-kinase inhibitors have offered some palliative benefit.Nevertheless,substantial gaps remain in the current therapeutic armamentarium for CRC.In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in exploring novel treatment strategies,including the application of light-activated drugs in conjunction with optical devices.This approach holds promise for achie-ving localized and targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents,such as microtubule-targeting drugs,directly to cancerous cells within the colon.

Bone remodeling in sigmoid sinus diverticulum after stenting for transverse sinus stenosis in pulsatile tinnitus: A case report

BACKGROUND Pulsatile tinnitus(PT)is a potentially disabling symptom that has received increasing attention.Multiple causes of PT have been confirmed by targeted treatment.However,dynamic changes of related structures in PT patients with multiple causes after stenting for ipsilateral transverse sinus stenosis(TSS)have not been previously reported.We report such a case and present postoperative computed tomography venography(CTV)follow-up findings to demonstrate the decreased sigmoid sinus diverticulum and bone remodeling.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old man suffered from left-sided PT for 15 years that was occasionally accompanied by headache and dizziness.Pre-operative CTV revealed left-sided sigmoid sinus wall anomalies(SSWAs),TSS,outflow dominance,large posterior condylar emissary vein,and an empty sella turcica.A cerebrospinal fluid pressure of 270 mmH2O was further detected.The sound disappeared immediately after stenting for ipsilateral TSS,with no recurrence during 2 years of follow-up.After the procedure,the patient underwent four consecutive CTV examinations.The diverticulum decreased 6 mo after the procedure with new bone remodeling.The density of the remodeled bone was further increased 1 year later,and a hardened edge was formed 2 years later.CONCLUSION PT associated with SSWAs,TSS,and idiopathic intracranial hypertension can be cured by stenting for TSS alone.And bone remodeling around SSWAs is a more significant finding.

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen kinetics after adding pegylated-interferon to nucleos(t)ids analogues in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under nucleos(t)ids analogues(NAs)rarely achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss.AIM To evaluate if the addition of pegylated interferon(Peg-IFN)could decrease HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg)levels and increase HBsAg loss rate in patients under NAs therapy.METHODS Prospective,non-randomized,open-label trial evaluating the combination of Peg-IFN 180μg/week plus NAs during forty-eight weeks vs NAs in monotherapy.Hepatitis B e antigen-negative non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients of a tertiary hospital,under NAs therapy for at least 2 years and with undetectable viral load,were eligible.Patients with hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus or human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and liver transplanted patients were excluded.HBsAg and HBcrAg levels(log10 U/mL)were measured at baseline and during ninety-six weeks.HBsAg loss rate was evaluated in both groups.Adverse events were recorded in both groups.The kinetic of HBsAg for each treatment group was evaluated from baseline to weeks 24 and 48 by the slope of the HBsAg decline(log10 IU/mL/week)using a linear regression model.RESULTS Sixty-five patients were enrolled,61%receiving tenofovir and 33%entecavir.Thirty-six(55%)were included in Peg-IFN-NA group and 29(44%)in NA group.After matching by age and treatment duration,baseline HBsAg levels were comparable between groups(3.1 vs 3.2)(P=0.25).HBsAg levels at weeks 24,48 and 96 declined in Peg-IFN-NA group(-0.26,-0.40 and-0.44)and remained stable in NA group(-0.10,-0.10 and-0.10)(P<0.05).The slope of HBsAg decline in Peg-IFN-NA group(-0.02)was higher than in NA group(-0.00)(P=0.015).HBcrAg levels did not change.Eight(22%)patients discontinued Peg-IFN due to adverse events.The HBsAg loss was achieved in 3(8.3%)patients of the Peg-IFN-NA group and 0(0%)of the NA group.CONCLUSION The addition of Peg-IFN to NAs caused a greater and faster decrease of HBsAg levels compared to NA therapy.Side effects of Peg-IFN can limit its use in clinical practice.

Percutaneous transhepatic access for catheter ablation of a patient with heterotaxy syndrome complicated with atrial fibrillation:A case report

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common arrhythmias,and radiofrequency catheter ablation is the most effective treatment strategy.The inferior vena cava(IVC)is a common approach for radiofrequency ablation of AF.However,this approach may not be applied to some cases such as chronic venous occlusions,surgical ligation of the IVC,and heterotaxy syndrome(HS).CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with HS suffered from severely symptomatic persistent AF for 9 years,and we successfully ablated by percutaneous transhepatic access.CONCLUSION In patients without femoral vein access,the use of the hepatic vein for pulmonary vein isolation is a viable alternative for invasive electrophysiology procedures.

Can we suppress excessive post-surgical scar formation:A case report

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars(HSs)formation is a complication that occurs after wounds heal with secondary intention and sometimes after clean surgical incisions.Many treatments are in vogue now with varying successes.Although the mechanism or mechanisms that cause a HS to form are not clearly understood,one thing that is clear is that once scar tissue matures,any intervention will not be successful.In this paper,we report on a case where a patient who was known to develop HS was treated with a new combination of ingredients(Phyto-chemicals+Silicone JUMI)to suppress HS formation.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old female of African descent presented a severe HS post total knee replacement(TKR),which the patient describes as itchy and painful.Due to complications caused by the scar,she was apprehensive about undergoing TKR on her other knee.However,after the TKR of the contralateral side post-removal of skin clips,JUMI anti-scar cream(JASC)was used to suppress excessive scar formation.CONCLUSION JASC appears potent and efficacious at suppressing excessive scar formation.We believe that this warrants further studies on larger patient groups and on different surgical sites.

Inflammatory pseudotumors in the liver associated with influenza:A case report

BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is a rare and benign lesion that mimics malignancy and can develop in any part of the body.The pathophysiology and etiology of these quasineoplastic lesions remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with fevers,night sweats,and unintentional weight loss following an influenza infection and was found to have multiple hepatic IPT’s following an extensive work up.CONCLUSION Our case highlights the importance of considering hepatic IPT’s in the differential in a patient who presents with symptoms and imaging findings mimicking malignancy shortly following a viral infection.

Two-stage revision in periprosthetic knee joint infections

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most catastrophic and costly complications that carries significant patient wellness as well as economic burdens.The road to efficiently diagnosing and treating PJI is challenging,as there is still no gold standard method to reach the diagnosis as early as desired.There are also international controversies with respect to the best approach to manage PJI cases.In this review,we highlight recent advances in managing PJI following knee arthroplasty surgery and discuss in depth the two-stage revision method.

Melatonin’s actions are not limited to sleep

Melatonin is widely available as a supplement,usually for sleep disorders.The consumption of melatonin supplements has increased considerably in recent years.An overlooked aspect of melatonin’s administration is the resulting increase in prolactin secretion,via its action on hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons.We believe that since the effect of melatonin on prolactin is tangible,the laboratory finding of hyperprolactinemia could be encountered more often,given the increase in melatonin’s use.This is an issue that merits further study.

Thomas Chao’s Journalistic Activities and Influence on Increasing China’s Voice Worldwide

In the 1930s and 1940s,Thomas Chao,an internationally-renowned Chinese journalist,influenced Chinese journalists’way of covering and writing news with his own prominent experience in international news reporting.Based on his long-term news practice,Chao analyzed the differences between Chinese and Western press and explored the way for improvement.He called on the government to set up a national news agency so as to establish itself in the field of international communication,and helped the Central News Agency to take back Reuters’right to publish in China.Chao also actively promoted the exchange and cooperation between Chinese newspapers and news agencies and foreign press in international communication activities,striving to increase China’s voice worldwide.

Unusual breast metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract.The most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum,whereas breast metastases from GIST are extremely rare.We present a second case of GIST breast metastasis.CASE SUMMARY We found a case of breast metastasis from rectum GIST.A 55-year-old female patient presented with rectum tumor with multiply liver lesions and metastasis in the right breast.Abdominal-perineal extirpation of rectum was performed,histology and immunohistochemistry study showed GIST,mixed type with CD117 and DOG-1 positive staining.The patient was taking imatinib 400 mg for 22 mo with stable disease.Because of growth of the breast metastasis the treatment was changed twice:The dose of imatinib was doubled with further progression in the breast lesion and then the patient was receiving sunitinib for 26 mo with partial response in the right breast and stable disease in the liver lesions.The breast lesion increased and right breast resection was done–surgery on local progression,the liver metastases were stable.Histology and immunohistochemistry studies revealed GIST metastasis,CD 117 and DOG 1 positive with KIT exon 11 mutation.After surgery the patient resumed imatinib.Until now the patient has been taking imatinib 400 mg for 19 mo without progression,last follow up was in November 2022.CONCLUSION GISTs breast metastases are extremely rare,we described the second case.At the same time second primary tumors have been reported frequently in patients diagnosed with GISTs and breast cancer is one of the most common second primary tumors in patients with GISTs.That is why it is very important to distinguish primary from metastatic breast lesions.Surgery on local progression made it possible to resume less toxic treatment.

Using a fretsaw in treating chronic penial incarceration:A case report

BACKGROUND Penial incarceration(PI)is a rare situation.It is usually caused by a foreign object which strangulates at the base of the penis.PI may derive from pranks,sexual demand,mental disease,or intention to prohibit urinary disease.Generally,these situations are emergent and immediate treatments are needed.Cases of chronic PI are less reported,and their treating methods are yet to be discussed.CASE SUMMARY We reported a case on treating a 73-year-old male who had PI with a metallic hoop for three months.After multidisciplinary consultation,the operation was performed successfully with the help of a fretsaw.Despite the chronic strangulation,the prognosis of the patient was satisfying.To the best of our knowledge,this case was rare and precious as it featured the longest strangulating time,which might enlighten the treating process of future PI cases.Also,we have reviewed and summarized major published cases to encapsulate appropriate approaches when facing diverse strangulation situations.CONCLUSION The selection of surgical tools depends on the material of the strangulating objects,the availability of equipment,and the severity of the penial damage.The urination function may not be affected after three months of incarceration as in our case,whilst prudent preoperative measures and multidisciplinary evaluations are always essential.Although using a fretsaw is comparatively slow,it is safe and feasible to treat metallic penial incarceration.

Individualized treatment for gastric cancer with rib metastasis: Acase report

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) with bone metastasis is rare, and rib metastasis is even lesscommon. The clinical prognosis of GC with bone metastasis is poor given the lackof an effective treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 70 year old man was referred to Shaoxing People’s Hospital with left chest painand slight dyspnea. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a metastaticlesion in the left 3rd rib. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed several ulcers inthe angle and antrum of the stomach, and tumor biomarkers including CEA andCA-199 were clearly increased. In addition, lymph node metastasis in the lessercurvature of the stomach was identified by positron emission tomography/CTscanning. Further pathological examination confirmed metastatic adenocarcinomain the rib and medium-low differentiated adenocarcinoma in the gastric space.The patient had GC with rib metastasis, and was clinically staged as T3NxM1 (IVB).Based on multidisciplinary team opinions, the patient received five courses ofchemotherapy (CAPOX plus aptinib), and then underwent rib resection andlaparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy. The patient started four courses ofchemotherapy after surgery, and then capecitabine and aptinib were administeredorally for 3 mo. Follow-up was performed on an outpatient basis usingabdominal/chest CT and tumor biomarkers. The patient exhibited an overallsurvival greater than 2 years, and the disease-free survival was approximately 18mo. His adverse events were tolerable.CONCLUSION The incidence of GC with rib metastases is extremely low, and patients can obtainmore benefits from individualized treatment formulated by multidisciplinaryteam. Chemotherapy plus surgery might represent an alternative option for GCwith rib metastasis.

Survival of a patient who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to postoperative myocardial infarction: A case report

BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest after noncardiac surgery is a dangerous complication that may contribute to mortality.Because of the high mortality rate and many complications of cardiac arrest,it is very important to identify and correct a reversible etiology early.By reporting the treatment process of this case,we aimed to broaden the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest after noncardiac surgery and describe how cardiopulmonary resuscitation using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)can improve a patient’s chance of survival.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of low back pain on July 12,2021.Magnetic resonance imaging showed lumbar disc herniation.Two hours after lumbar disc herniation surgery,the patient developed cardiac arrest.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed,and ECMO was started 60 min after the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Regarding the etiology of early cardiac arrest after surgery,acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism were considered first.Based on ultrasound evaluation,acute myocardial infarction appeared more likely.Coronary angiography confirmed occlusion of the left anterior descending branch,and coronary artery stenting was performed.Pulmonary artery angiography was performed to exclude pulmonary embolism.Due to heparinization during ECMO and coronary angiography,there was a large amount of oozing blood in the surgical incision.Therefore,heparinfree ECMO was performed in the early stage,and routine heparinized ECMO was performed after hemorrhage stabilization.Eventually,the patient was discharged and made a full neurologic recovery.CONCLUSION For early postoperative cardiac arrest,acute myocardial infarction should be considered first,and heparin should be used with caution.

Validation of diagnostic strategies of autoimmune atrophic gastritis:A case report

BACKGROUND Autoimmune atrophic gastritis(AAG)is a type of chronic gastritis that mainly affects the gastric corpus.Due to the lack of standard diagnostic criteria and overlaps with the courses of Helicobacter pylori-related atrophic gastritis,reports on the diagnostic strategy of AAG at an early stage are limited.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old woman with severe anemia was diagnosed with AAG.Endoscopic views and pathological findings showed the coexistence of normal mucosa in the gastric antrum and atrophic mucosa in the gastric fundus.Serological tests showed that anti-parietal cell antibodies and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were both positive.Immunohistochemical results,which showed negative H^(+)-K^(+)ATPase antibody staining and positive chromogranin A(CgA)staining,confirmed the mechanism of this disease.After vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation,the patient recovered well.CONCLUSION Successful diagnosis of AAG includes serological tests,endoscopic characteristics,and immunohistochemistry for H^(+)-K^(+)ATPase and CgA antibodies.

Prenatal radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies:A scoping review

BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Is surgery the best current option and can novel endoscopy play a role in the future?

alcohol as the leading cause of cirrhosis in the Western world.There remains to be a licensed pharmacological treatment for NAFLD.Weight loss is advised for all patients with NAFLD.Many patients however,struggle to lose the recommended weight with lifestyle modification alone.Many drugs have either failed to show significant improvement of steatosis or are poorly tolerated.Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce liver steatosis and regress liver fibrosis.The pathophysiology is not fully understood,however recent evidence has pointed towards changes in the gut microbiome following surgery.Novel endoscopic treatment options provide a minimally invasive alternative for weight loss.Randomised controlled trials are now required for further clarification.

Spilled gallstone mimicking metastasis from cervix cancer on positron emission tomography–computed tomography

BACKGROUND Spilled gallstones from previous cholecystectomy is not an uncommon situation.It may further mimic neoplastic disease and can be misled by fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography with computed tomography([18F]FDG PET/CT).CASE SUMMARY A 63 year-old patient was diagnosed with a cancer of the cervix.Pretreatment[18F]FDG PET/CT showed a peritoneal lesion suspicious for metastasis.Surgical exploration and histologic examination revealed the lesion to be a spilled gallstone from a previous cholecystectomy.CONCLUSION[18F]FDG PET/CT carries pitfalls since benign conditions such as intraperitoneal gallstones may be confused as malignant lesions.This case highlights the importance to be aware of the possible implications of dropped gallstones for the future,minimize its occurrence,and make all efforts to properly evaluate cancer staging,particularly for the cervix cancer.