Background: According to current taxonomy only three out of 27 Sinohimalayan leaf warbler species(Phylloscopidae) are considered genetically uniform across their entire breeding range along the Southeastern margin of ...Background: According to current taxonomy only three out of 27 Sinohimalayan leaf warbler species(Phylloscopidae) are considered genetically uniform across their entire breeding range along the Southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Buff-barred Warbler(Phylloscopus pulcher) being one of them. Because marked differentiation among Himalayan and Chinese populations has been recently demonstrated for a number of Phylloscopus species(or sister species) we investigated the intraspecific variation of a mitochondrial gene, songs and morphology of P. pulcher in a phylogeographic approach.Methods: We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, reconstructed haplotype networks and analyzed DNA polymorphism among Himalayan and Chinese populations. We measured time and frequency parameters of two distinct song types and analyzed among population-differentiation in a principal component analysis and a discriminant analysis. We also compared measurements of body size dimensions taken from museum specimens.Results: The mitochondrial haplotype network(cytb) was divided into two distinct clusters corresponding to geographic origin of samples. Pairwise genetic distances among Himalayan and Chinese mt DNA lineages account for 1.3% which coincides with Pleistocene lineage separation at roughly 650,000 years ago. Genetic diversity is slightly higher in the Chinese part of the species' range with respect to haplotype and nucleotide diversity while the less diversified Himalayan population lineage shows signs of recent range expansion. The vocal repertoire of P. pulcher comprises two distinct verse types that are combined with short interspersed click notes to long continuous song displays. Trill verse types showed significant differences among regions in almost all measured frequency and time parameters: Chinese males displayed more rapid and more broad-banded trills at a lower pitch. In contrast,warbling verse types showed a distinctively different structure among regions: Himalayan songs consisted of repeated syllables while Chinese songs comprised repetitions of single, long and strongly modulated elements.Subtle morphological differences among specimens from the two study regions could only be confirmed for plumage coloration but not for metric characters.Conclusions: Based on the genetic and bioacoustic distinctiveness of Chinese Buff-barred Warbler populations,we recommend that the name Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus Bangs, 1913 should be re-validated for this taxon.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to develop the microsatellite markers of Datnioides pulcher,and to screen polymorphic SSR primers.[Method]D.pulcher was performed reduced-representation genome sequencing using RAD-seq(Restric...[Objective]The paper was to develop the microsatellite markers of Datnioides pulcher,and to screen polymorphic SSR primers.[Method]D.pulcher was performed reduced-representation genome sequencing using RAD-seq(Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing).[Result]A total of 13308806 high-quality clean reads(HQ clean reads)lengths were obtained and 26359 simple sequence repeats(SSR)loci were detected in the obtained sequence by SSR search software,which consisted of 496 repeat motifs.The most common types of repeat were A/T in single base repeat sequence,and AC/GT and A G/GT repeat units in di-base repeat sequence.AGG/CCT,AGC/CTG and AGG/CCT were the dominant types in tri-base repeat sequence.In quantity,the di-base repeat type SSR loci were the largest(19492),accounting for 73.95%of the total SSR loci.Except for mono-nucleotide type,the repetition frequency of SSR loci was mainly ranged from 4 to 9,and the number of polymorphic SSR loci was 2783.About 20066 pairs of SSR primers were successfully designed with Primer 5.0.The success rate of primer design was 76.13%.According to the repetition type and repetition number in the sequencing data,100 di-to penta-base repetition type SSRs were randomly selected and validated by PCR and polyacrylamide gel in six D.pulcher samples.A total of 73 pairs of primers were amplified by electrophoresis,and 20 of them were polymorphic.[Conclusion]The developed SSR sequences can be used for genetic analysis,genetic map construction and molecular marker assisted breeding of D.pulcher and its related species.展开更多
为揭示华南地区美丽小条鳅(Micronemacheilus pulcher)的隐存多样性及其地理分布格局,同时为美丽小条鳅的精准管理和保护提供重要理论背景知识,本研究采集了华南地区多个水系19个地理群体共计102尾美丽小条鳅样本,测定了所有样本的DNA...为揭示华南地区美丽小条鳅(Micronemacheilus pulcher)的隐存多样性及其地理分布格局,同时为美丽小条鳅的精准管理和保护提供重要理论背景知识,本研究采集了华南地区多个水系19个地理群体共计102尾美丽小条鳅样本,测定了所有样本的DNA条形码标准基因(线粒体COI基因)与部分样本的糖基转移酶基因(Glyt基因),综合了系统发育分析、遗传距离估算、等位基因网状图分析、物种有效性界定等方法,基于COI基因的系统发育结果显示,美丽小条鳅存在两个主要谱系(I和Ⅱ),谱系Ⅰ主要由珠江水系、漠阳江水系、南流江水系群体构成,谱系Ⅱ由海南岛的陵水河水系和南渡江水系群体组成。另外,研究发现谱系Ⅰ可以细分为三个严格地理分布的子谱系(Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3),其中子谱系Ⅰ-1由珠江水系的西江、北江和南流江水系的群体组成,子谱系Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3分别由珠江水系的东江群体和漠阳江水系群体组成;谱系Ⅱ可以分为子谱系Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2,分别由陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体组成。遗传距离估算发现谱系Ⅰ和Ⅱ之间的遗传距离达到5.83%,谱系Ⅱ的两个子谱系之间的遗传距离到达2.92%,大于2%的DNA条形码物种鉴定阈值。基于Glyt基因的系统发育分析未获得严格的谱系分化,但是等位基因网状图支持大陆群体和海南岛群体以及海南岛的陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体的进化独立性。基于COI基因的ABGD(automatic barcode gap discovery)和PTP(poisson tree process)分析和联合两个基因的BPP(bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography)分析均支持谱系Ⅰ、子谱系Ⅱ-1和子谱系Ⅱ-2为三个独立物种,表明美丽小条鳅至少包含三个隐存种。研究结果表明美丽小条鳅的多样性可能被低估,亟需使用形态度量学、更高覆盖度的和多种类型的分子标记来全面系统揭示其隐藏的遗传多样性,为美丽小条鳅全面精准的管理保护提供数据支持。展开更多
Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affil...Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.展开更多
Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and...Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.展开更多
基金performed within the scope of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project funding for PA 1818/3-1(M.P.)supported by further grants to Y.-H.Sun from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,project No.31272286
文摘Background: According to current taxonomy only three out of 27 Sinohimalayan leaf warbler species(Phylloscopidae) are considered genetically uniform across their entire breeding range along the Southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Buff-barred Warbler(Phylloscopus pulcher) being one of them. Because marked differentiation among Himalayan and Chinese populations has been recently demonstrated for a number of Phylloscopus species(or sister species) we investigated the intraspecific variation of a mitochondrial gene, songs and morphology of P. pulcher in a phylogeographic approach.Methods: We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, reconstructed haplotype networks and analyzed DNA polymorphism among Himalayan and Chinese populations. We measured time and frequency parameters of two distinct song types and analyzed among population-differentiation in a principal component analysis and a discriminant analysis. We also compared measurements of body size dimensions taken from museum specimens.Results: The mitochondrial haplotype network(cytb) was divided into two distinct clusters corresponding to geographic origin of samples. Pairwise genetic distances among Himalayan and Chinese mt DNA lineages account for 1.3% which coincides with Pleistocene lineage separation at roughly 650,000 years ago. Genetic diversity is slightly higher in the Chinese part of the species' range with respect to haplotype and nucleotide diversity while the less diversified Himalayan population lineage shows signs of recent range expansion. The vocal repertoire of P. pulcher comprises two distinct verse types that are combined with short interspersed click notes to long continuous song displays. Trill verse types showed significant differences among regions in almost all measured frequency and time parameters: Chinese males displayed more rapid and more broad-banded trills at a lower pitch. In contrast,warbling verse types showed a distinctively different structure among regions: Himalayan songs consisted of repeated syllables while Chinese songs comprised repetitions of single, long and strongly modulated elements.Subtle morphological differences among specimens from the two study regions could only be confirmed for plumage coloration but not for metric characters.Conclusions: Based on the genetic and bioacoustic distinctiveness of Chinese Buff-barred Warbler populations,we recommend that the name Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus Bangs, 1913 should be re-validated for this taxon.
基金Supported by Specialized Fund for the Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences (2016GH07,2018GH19)China-Asean Maritime Cooperation Fund (CAMC-2018F)National Aquatic Germplasm Resource Sharing Platform (2019DKA30470)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to develop the microsatellite markers of Datnioides pulcher,and to screen polymorphic SSR primers.[Method]D.pulcher was performed reduced-representation genome sequencing using RAD-seq(Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing).[Result]A total of 13308806 high-quality clean reads(HQ clean reads)lengths were obtained and 26359 simple sequence repeats(SSR)loci were detected in the obtained sequence by SSR search software,which consisted of 496 repeat motifs.The most common types of repeat were A/T in single base repeat sequence,and AC/GT and A G/GT repeat units in di-base repeat sequence.AGG/CCT,AGC/CTG and AGG/CCT were the dominant types in tri-base repeat sequence.In quantity,the di-base repeat type SSR loci were the largest(19492),accounting for 73.95%of the total SSR loci.Except for mono-nucleotide type,the repetition frequency of SSR loci was mainly ranged from 4 to 9,and the number of polymorphic SSR loci was 2783.About 20066 pairs of SSR primers were successfully designed with Primer 5.0.The success rate of primer design was 76.13%.According to the repetition type and repetition number in the sequencing data,100 di-to penta-base repetition type SSRs were randomly selected and validated by PCR and polyacrylamide gel in six D.pulcher samples.A total of 73 pairs of primers were amplified by electrophoresis,and 20 of them were polymorphic.[Conclusion]The developed SSR sequences can be used for genetic analysis,genetic map construction and molecular marker assisted breeding of D.pulcher and its related species.
文摘为揭示华南地区美丽小条鳅(Micronemacheilus pulcher)的隐存多样性及其地理分布格局,同时为美丽小条鳅的精准管理和保护提供重要理论背景知识,本研究采集了华南地区多个水系19个地理群体共计102尾美丽小条鳅样本,测定了所有样本的DNA条形码标准基因(线粒体COI基因)与部分样本的糖基转移酶基因(Glyt基因),综合了系统发育分析、遗传距离估算、等位基因网状图分析、物种有效性界定等方法,基于COI基因的系统发育结果显示,美丽小条鳅存在两个主要谱系(I和Ⅱ),谱系Ⅰ主要由珠江水系、漠阳江水系、南流江水系群体构成,谱系Ⅱ由海南岛的陵水河水系和南渡江水系群体组成。另外,研究发现谱系Ⅰ可以细分为三个严格地理分布的子谱系(Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3),其中子谱系Ⅰ-1由珠江水系的西江、北江和南流江水系的群体组成,子谱系Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3分别由珠江水系的东江群体和漠阳江水系群体组成;谱系Ⅱ可以分为子谱系Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2,分别由陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体组成。遗传距离估算发现谱系Ⅰ和Ⅱ之间的遗传距离达到5.83%,谱系Ⅱ的两个子谱系之间的遗传距离到达2.92%,大于2%的DNA条形码物种鉴定阈值。基于Glyt基因的系统发育分析未获得严格的谱系分化,但是等位基因网状图支持大陆群体和海南岛群体以及海南岛的陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体的进化独立性。基于COI基因的ABGD(automatic barcode gap discovery)和PTP(poisson tree process)分析和联合两个基因的BPP(bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography)分析均支持谱系Ⅰ、子谱系Ⅱ-1和子谱系Ⅱ-2为三个独立物种,表明美丽小条鳅至少包含三个隐存种。研究结果表明美丽小条鳅的多样性可能被低估,亟需使用形态度量学、更高覆盖度的和多种类型的分子标记来全面系统揭示其隐藏的遗传多样性,为美丽小条鳅全面精准的管理保护提供数据支持。
基金supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery grant provided to SB(RGPIN-2016-05772)the National Science Foundation under grant No.1557836 provided to IMH.
文摘Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.
文摘Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.
