Effects of Combined Inhalation of Budesonide,Formoterol,and Tiotropium Bromide on Arterial Blood Gas and Pulmonary Function Indexes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To analyze the effect of combined inhalation of budesonide formoterol and tiotropium bromide on arterial blood gas and pulmonary function indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:100 patients with COPD treated from January to December 2022 were selected as observation objects,and were divided into a control group(n=50,in which budesonide and formoterol were administered)and an experimental group(n=50,the treatment drug was budesonide formoterol combined with tiotropium bromide)according to the computer grouping method,and compared the treatment results.Results:(i)Before treatment,there was no difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(ii)Before treatment,there was no difference in forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the FVC,FEV1,and FEV1/FVC in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(iii)There was no difference in the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αbetween the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αin the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(iv)Compared to the total incidence of adverse reactions in the control group(28.00%),the incidence of total adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower at 10.00%,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined inhalation of budesonide and formoterol with tiotropium bromide has demonstrated a clear therapeutic efficacy and safety in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This treatment approach effectively enhances arterial blood gas levels and lung function,showing promising potential for widespread application.

Pulmonary complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following transthoracic esophagectomy

AIM： To investigate the incidence of various types of postoperative pulmonary complications （POPCs） and to evaluate the significance of perioperative arterial blood gases in patients with esophageal cancer accompanied with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） after esophagectomy. MEHTODS： Three hundred and fifty-eight patients were divided into POPC group and COPD group. We performed a retrospective review of the 358 consecutive patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with or without COPD to assess the possible influence of COPD on postoperative pulmonary complications. We classified COPD into four grades according to percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1） and analyzed the incidence rate of complications among the four grades. Perioperative arterial blood gases were tested in patients with or without pulmonary complications in COPD group and compared with POP（： group. RESULTS： Patients with COPD （29/86, 33.7%）had more pulmonary complications than those without COPD （36/272, 13.2%） （P〈0.001）. Pneumonia （15/29, 51.7%）, atelectasis （13/29, 44.8%）, prolonged 02 supplement （10/29, 34.5%）, and prolonged mechanical ventilation （8/29, 27.6%） were the major complications in COPD group. Moreover, patients with severe COPD （grade Ⅱ B, FEV1 〈 50% of predicted） had more POPCs than those with moderate（gradeⅡA,50%-80% of predicted） and mild （grade Ⅰ≥80% of predicted） COPD （P〈0.05）. PaO2 was decreased and PaCO2 was increased in patients with pulmonary complications in COPD group in the first postoperative week.CONCLUSION： The criteria of COPD are the critical predictor for pulmonary complications in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy. Severity of COPD affects the incidence rate of the pulmonary complication,and percent-predicted FEV1 is a good predictive variable for pulmonary complication in patients-with COPD.Arterial blood gases are helpful in directing perioperative management.

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide, platelet parameters, and cardiopulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic respiratory disease with worldwide occurrence and high disability and mortality rate.It occurs mostly in the elderly population with pulmonary heart disease,type II respiratory failure,and other serious complications.AIM To investigate the correlation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and platelet parameters with cardiac function and pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease.METHODS From June 2016 to June 2019,52 patients with COPD-pulmonary heart disease(pulmonary heart disease group),30 patients with COPD(COPD group),and 30 healthy individuals(control group)in our hospital were enrolled in the study.The pulmonary heart disease group was further divided into subgroups according to cardiac function classification and pulmonary artery pressure.Plasma BNP and platelet parameters were estimated and compared among each group and subgroup.The correlation of plasma BNP and platelet parameters with cardiac function classification and pulmonary artery pressure was then analyzed.RESULTS In the pulmonary heart disease group,the COPD group,and the control group,the levels of plasma BNP,platelet distribution width(PDW),and mean platelet volume(MPV)showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05),while an increasing trend was found in platelet count(PLT)and plateletcrit(PCT)levels among the three groups(P<0.05).In the pulmonary hypertension mild,moderate,and severe subgroups,the levels of plasma BNP,PDW,and MPV showed an increasing trend(P<0.05),while a decreasing trend was observed in PLT levels(P<0.05);however,PCT levels showed no significant difference among the three subgroups(P>0.05).In the cardiac function grade I,II,III,and IV subgroups,the levels of plasma BNP,PDW,and MPV showed an increasing trend(P<0.05),while a decreasing trend was noted in PLT and PCT levels among the four subgroups(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the levels of plasma BNP,PDW,and MPV in patients with pulmonary heart disease were positively correlated with their pulmonary artery pressure(P<0.05),while PLT was negatively correlated with their pulmonary artery pressure(P<0.05).Moreover,plasma BNP,PDW,and MPV levels were positively correlated with cardiac function grade(P<0.05)of these patients,while PLT and PCT levels were negatively correlated with their cardiac function grade(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Plasma BNP and PLT parameters are significantly correlated with the cardiac function and pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease,indicating that these parameters have high clinical relevance in reflecting the health condition of these patients and for guiding their treatment.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting： which is better in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease？

To evaluate the clinic outcome of off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCABG) of patients with coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we collected and analyzed 1998-2002 data on 28 patients with these two diseases who had received off-pump coronary bypass operation in our hospital, and compared with data on those who also had the same two diseases but received on-pump coronary artery bypass at same time. There were no operation-related death;one died of respiratory failure 14 days after operation while staying in hospital; there were more respiratory complications in the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting group (CCABG) than in the OPCABG group; and the PaO2/FiO2 in the CCABG group was higher than that in the OPCABG group during operation because of CPB, but lower than that in the OPCABG group 6-12 hours after operation. OPCABG seemed more suitable than CCABG for coronary artery disease patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to less damage to their oxygen-exchange capability and the fewer respiratory complications.

Changes of Protein Kinase Cα and Cyclin D1 Expressions in Pulmonary Arteries from Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of protein kinase Ca （PKCα） and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from＇smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 non-smokers with normal lung function （non-smoker group）, 14 smokers with normal lung function （smoker group）, 11 smokers with mild to moderate COPD （COPD group）. The morphological changes of pulmonary arteries were observed by HE-staining. The expressions of ct-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, PKCα and cyclin D1 proteins in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells （PASMCs） were immunohistochemically determined. The percentages of PCNA-positive cells were taken as the smooth muscle cells proliferation index （PI）. The mRNA expressions of PKCα and cyclin D l in PASMCs were evaluated by real-time fluorescence PCR. Morphometrical analysis showed that the ratio of pulmonary artery wall area to total area （WA%） in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than that in non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. The PASMCs proliferation index in smoker group and COPD group was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker group （P〈0.01）. The protein levels of PKCct and cyclin D1 inPASMCs were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. The mRNA expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly elevated in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. Significant correlations were found between PKCα protein and WA% or PI （P〈0.01）. Correlations between cyclin D1 protein and WA% or PI also existed （P〈0.01）. The expression of PKCa was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D 1 at both protein and mRNA levels （P〈0.01）. In conclusion, increased expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of PASMCs in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate COPD.

Why there is a need to discuss pulmonary hypertension other than pulmonary arterial hypertension?

Pulmonary hypertension(PH) is a condition characterized by the elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure above 25 mm Hg and the pulmonary vascular resistance above 3 wood units. Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) is an uncommon conditionwith severe morbidity and mortality, needing early recognition and appropriate and specific treatment. PH is frequently associated with hypoxemia, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and DPLD and/or left heart diseases(LHD), mainly heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Although in the majority of patients with PH the cause is not PAH, a significant number of published studies are still in regard to group Ⅰ PH, leading to a logical assumption that PH due to other causes is not such an important issue. So, is there a reason to discuss PH other than PAH? Chronic lung diseases, mainly chronic obstructive lung disease and DPLD, are associated with a high incidence of PH which is linked to exercise limitations and a worse prognosis. Although pathophysiological studies suggest that specific PAH therapy may benefit such patients, the results presented from small studies in regard to the safety and effectiveness of the specific PAH therapy are discouraging. PH is a common complication of left heart disease and is related to disease severity, especially in patients with reduced ejection fraction. There are two types of PH related to LHD based on diastolic pressure difference(DPD, defined as diastolic pulmonary artery pressure- mean PAWP): Isolated post-capillary PH, defined as PAWP > 15 mm Hg and DPD < 7 mm Hg, and combined post-capillary PH and pre-capillary PH, defined as PAWP > 15 mm Hg and DPD ≥ 7 mm Hg. The potential use of PAH therapies in patients with PH related to left heart disease is based on a logical pathobiological rationale. In patients with heart failure, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a cause of PH and hence as a target for treatment, supported by the presence of increased endothelin-1 activity and impaired nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation. Unfortunately, so far, there is no evidence supporting the use of specific PAH therapies in patients with PH related to left heart disease. In conclusion, the presence of PH in patients with conditions other than PAH contributes to the severity of the disease, affecting the outcome and quality of life. The disappointing results regarding the effectiveness of specific PAH therapies in patients withchronic lung diseases and LHD underline the need for seeking new underlying mechanisms and thus novel therapies targeting PH due to left heart disease and/or lung diseases.

Plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide correlate with ligustrazine alleviation of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients of chronic cor pulmonale from high altitude plateau during acute exacerbation

Objective To explore the mechanisms involved in the ligustrazine alleviation of the pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) associated with chronic cor pulmonale(CCP) during exacerbation.Methods Seventy patients of COPD and CCP with acute exacerbation were randomly and equally divided into control group and treatment group.The control group received standard treatment with antibiotics,antiasthmatic and expectorant medications,and oxygenation;and the ligustrazine treatment group received ligustrazine treatment(80 mg/d;i.v.;for 2 weeks) in addition to the standard treatment.Before and at the end of 2 week treatment,the clinic responses of the two regimens were evaluated,plasma levels of endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide(NO) were determined;arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2),mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP),outflow tract of right ventricle(RVOT),and internal diameter of right ventricle(RV) were measured.Results Good clinic benefits were achieved in both the standard and ligustrazine regimens,plasma level of ET-1,values of mPAP,RV and RVOT decreased significantly,plasma level of NO and PaO_2 values decreased(all P<0.01 vs pretreatment to all parameters).Compared with the control group,ligustrazine greatly enhanced the clinic efficacy from 77.1%to 97.1%(P<0.05),and also resulted in more significant changes of all these parameters(P<0.01 vs control group for all parameters).For both groups,the levels of plasma ET-1 were positively correlated with values of mPAP,RVOT,and RV(r = 0.710,0.853,and 0.766,respectively,all P = 0.000),and negatively correlated with plasma NO and PaO_2(r =- 0.823,and- 0.752,respectively,all P = 0.000).Conclusion Ligustrazine is effective in treating pulmonary artery hypertension during acute exacerbation of COPD and CCP in patients from the plateau area.The observed changes in the plasma levels of NO and ET-1 in response to ligustrazine treatment suggest that ligustrazine may act through the selective effect on pulmonary blood vessels to enhance the synthesis and release of NO and suppress those of ET-1 from lung vascular endothelial cells,thus reducing pulmonary artery pressure and decreasing pulmonary arterial hypertension.

High levels of interleukin-6 and 8-iso-prostaglandin in the exhaled breath condensate and serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related pulmonary hypertension

Background Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Although alveolar hypoxia is considered as a main cause of PH in COPD, structural and functional changes of pulmonary circulation are apparent at the initial stage of COPD. We hypothesized that an inflammatory response and oxidative stress might contribute to the formation of PH in COPD. Methods We measured the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and 8-iso-prostaglandin （8-iso-PSG） in exhaled breath condensate （EBC） and serum in 40 patients with COPD only or in 45 patients with COPD combined with PH. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure （PASP） was assessed by Doppler echocardiography and defined as PH when the value of systolic pressure was greater than 40 mmHg. Results Compared with the COPD only group, the level of IL-6 in EBC was significantly increased in all 45 patients with COPD combined with PH （（8.27±2.14） ng/L vs. （4.95±1.19） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. The level of IL-6 in serum was also elevated in patients with COPD combined with PH compared with the COPD only group （（72.8±21.6） ng/L vs. （43.58±13.38） ng/L, P 〈0.01 ）. Similarly, we also observed a significant increase in the level of 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum in the COPD with PH group, compared with the COPD only group （EBC： （9.00±2.49） ng/L vs. （5.96±2.31） ng/L, P 〈0.01 and serum： （41.87±9.75） ng/L vs. （27.79±11.09） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. Additionally, the value of PASP in the PH group was confirmed to be positively correlated with the increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum （r=0.477-0.589, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in EBC and serum correlates with the pathogenesis of PH in COPD.

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome are highly prevalent respiratory conditions. Their coexistence is referred to as the overlap syndrome. They are both related to pulmonary hypertension (PH) development. This study investigated the effects of OSA on PH in patients with COPD and the associated factors. Methods: Consecutive patients with stable COPD were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study from September 2016 to May 2018 at Peking University Third Hospital. In total, 106 patients with COPD were enrolled and performed home portable monitoring and echocardiography. OSA was defined by an apnea hypopnea index (AHI)>10 events/h. Based on OSA absence or presence, patients were divided into the COPD with OSA and COPD without OSA groups. Factors affecting pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and PH were identified using univariate analysis and logistic regression models. Results: In the 106 patients with COPD, the mean age was 69.52 years, 91.5% were men, and the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV!) percentage of predicted was 56.15%. Fifty-six (52.8%) patients with COPD were diagnosed with OSA, and 24 (22.6%) patients with COPD were diagnosed as PH. Compared with COPD without OSA group, the median PAP in COPD with severe OSA group increased by 5 mmHg (36.00 [26.00-50.00] mmHg vs. 31.00 [24.00-34.00] mmHg, P = 0.036). COPD with percent of night-time spent with oxygen saturation below 90%(T90)> 10% group had higher PAP than COPD with T90 < 1 % group (36.00 [29.00-50.00)] mmHg vs. 29.00 [25.50-34.00] mmHg, F = 7.889, P = 0.007). Univariate analysis revealed age, FEVi% predicted, T90, and Charlson index had statistically significant effects on PH. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant and independent effect of both FEVj% predicted (odds ratio [OR]= 3.46;95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.15-10.46;P = 0.028) and AHI (OR = 3.20;95% Cl: 1.09-19.35;P = 0.034) on PH. Conclusions: Patients with COPD with OSA are more susceptible to PH, which is associated with declining lung function and increased severity of OSA. Thus, nocturnal hypoxemia and OSA in elderly patients with COPD should be identified and treated.

The prevalence rates of major chronic diseases in retired and in-service Chinese military officers(2000-2016): a meta-analysis

Background:Chronic diseases cause a tremendous burden to the military medical system.However,the prevalence rates of major chronic diseases among military officers remain unclear in China.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP),Pub Med and Web of Science were searched for studies(from 2000 to 2016)concerning 6 major chronic diseases:hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)in Chinese military officers following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Three researchers independently extracted data from the included studies,and a fourth researcher reviewed and solved every disagreement.Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 14.0 and R 3.3.2.Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I^2 value.A random effect model was performed to combine the heterogeneous data.The Egger test was performed to test the publication bias.Results:A total of 90,758 military officers derived from 75 articles were pooled together.Publication bias was only observed in 37 studies reporting heart disease(P_(Egger test)=0.01).The overall prevalence rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and COPD were 46.6%(95%CI 41.8%–51.5%),30.9%(26.4%–35.7%),20.7%(16.5%–25.7%),48.2%(41.7%–54.9%),20.2%(14.8%–26.9%)and 16.6%(12.9%–21.0%),respectively.The prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and COPD,rather than hyperlipidemia,increased with age in Chinese military officers.Heart diseases(P_(Q-test)<0.001)and hypertension(P_(Q-test)<0.001)increased sharply in retired officers compared with officers in service.Cerebrovascular disease was more frequent in Northern Theater Command than in any other theater command(P_(Q-test)<0.001).Conclusion:Major chronic diseases heavily affect Chinese military officers,especially retirees.Medical intervention should be enforced on the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in those working in cold areas in the north,as well as hypertension and heart diseases in retirees.

Heliox as a driving gas to atomize inhaled drugs on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a prospective clinical study

Background Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） is a common condition,which affects not only the quality of life of patients but also their prognosis.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an inhaled salbutamol sulfate solution and an inhalation suspension of the glucocorticoid budesonide that were atomized with heliox to treat patients with AECOPD.Methods Twenty-three patients with AECOPD were divided into a treatment group （He/O2=70％/30％） and a control group （N2/O2=70％/30％）.The salbutamol sulfate and budesonide were administered by inhalation twice a day for 7 days.Vital signs,arterial blood gas levels,pulmonary function and the levels of serum myostatin （sMSTN） were measured and lung vibration imaging was performed.Results We found that the PaO2 and PaCO2 values were not significantly different between the two groups at the various time points （P ＞0.05）.There were also no significant differences in any of the parameters of pulmonary function between the two groups.However,after baseline correction,the increase rate of the forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）,the forced vital capacity （FVC）,and the maximum minute ventilation （MW） appeared to be significantly increased at some time points compared with the baseline （before treatment） in both groups （P ＜0.05）.Although the values of quantitative lung distribution （QLD） for different regions and the levels of sMSTN were slightly different between the two groups,the repeated measures analysis of variance （ANOVA） revealed that there were no significant differences between the two groups or within any group （P ＞0.05）.Conclusion Although the use of heliox as a driving gas can improve symptoms and benefit patients with AECOPD,the heliox treatment group did not have significant differences in arterial blood gases,lung function,lung vibration response imaging or the levels of sMSTN compared with the control group.（Chinese Clinical Trial Register Center ChiCTR-TRC-00000273）

银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者的临床疗效

目的探讨银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者的临床疗效。方法122例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组61例,对照组给予前列地尔,观察组在对照组基础上加用银杏叶提取物,疗程3个月。检测临床疗效、肺功能指标(FVC、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC)、血气指标(PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2))、PASP、mPAP、IL-6、ET-1、hs-CRP、NO、右心功能指标(RVEF、RVESD)、不良反应发生率变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组肺功能指标、PaO_(2)、RVESD升高(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)、IL-6、ET-1、hs-CRP、NO、RVEF降低(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔可安全有效地改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者肺功能和右心功能,减轻炎症反应。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者血清白介素与肺动脉压力的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺动脉高压患者血清白介素(IL)与肺动脉压力的相关性。方法回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年2月江西省胸科医院呼吸与危重症医学科收治的60例COPD患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并肺动脉高压将其分为对照组(30例)与观察组(30例),对照组为COPD患者,观察组为COPD合并肺动脉高压患者。比较两组患者血清中IL-2、IL-10、IL-17表达水平,分析观察组患者血清中IL-2、IL-10、IL-17与肺动脉压力的相关性。结果观察组患者血清IL-2、IL-10水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者血清IL-17水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IL-2与肺动脉压力呈正相关(r=0.682,P=0.021),IL-10与肺动脉压力呈正相关(r=0.714,P=0.013),IL-17与肺动脉压力无明显相关性(r=0.171,P=0.152)。结论IL-2、IL-10与肺动脉高压形成有关,IL-17与肺动脉高压形成无相关性。

老年慢性阻塞性肺病合并冠状动脉疾病的微生态变化分析

目的分析老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者肺部及肠道微生态的变化,并探讨其免疫调控机制。方法选择2022年1—6月四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)老年医学科收治的COPD老年患者为研究对象,其中,COPD组患者20例和COPD合并CAD组患者20例,并选取同期健康老年人群15例作为对照组,检测肺部和肠道样本菌群及外周血炎症因子。结果各组样本间细菌多样性指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在门水平上,COPD合并CAD组与对照组相比,肺部和肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,变形菌门、放线菌门均增多(P<0.05);与COPD组相比,肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,放线菌门增多(P<0.05)。在属水平上,COPD合并CAD组的肺部菌群中假单胞菌属增多,链球菌属、韦荣氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、放线菌属减少(P<0.05);肠道菌群中埃希氏菌属增多,拟杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属减少(P<0.05)。在细胞因子表达水平上,COPD合并CAD组的白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α升高,IL-10降低(P<0.05)。结论COPD合并CAD患者的肺部及肠道微生物菌群数量和构成存在显著差异,表明肺部和肠道微生态失衡及全身炎症反应可能增加COPD患者罹患CAD风险。调节微生物群组成或其代谢物的途径,可能是老年慢性共病的潜在治疗策略。

不同氧流量经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者临床疗效及短期预后影响因素分析

目的探讨不同氧流量经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的临床疗效,并筛选氧流量设置为60 L/min的HFNC治疗患者短期预后的影响因素。方法选取自2022年6月至2023年6月崇州市人民医院收治的150例AECOPD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为低流量组、中流量组、高流量组,每组各50例。3组均给予HFNC治疗,其中,低流量组氧流量为30 L/min,中流量组氧流量为40 L/min,高流量组氧流量为60 L/min,持续治疗7 d。比较3组患者治疗后24 h短期疗效。治疗前、治疗后,比较3组动脉血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、氧分压(PaO_(2))]、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰值流量(PEF)],以及症状严重程度[慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)、呼吸困难指数(mMRC)评分]。高流量组患者在经HFNC治疗后随访28 d,根据28 d疾病转归情况分为预后良好组(n=32)与预后不良组(n=18),分析氧流量设置为60 L/min的HFNC治疗患者短期预后影响因素。结果治疗后,3组PaCO_(2)低于治疗前,PaO_(2)、FVC、FEV1、PEF水平高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,高流量组、中流量组PaCO_(2)低于低流量组,且高流量组低于中流量组;高流量组、中流量组PaO_(2)、FVC、FEV1、PEF水平高于低流量组,且高流量组高于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,3组患者CAT评分、mMRC评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,高流量组、中流量组CAT评分、mMRC评分低于低流量组,且高流量组低于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高流量组、中流量组总有效率高于低流量组,且高流量组总有效率高于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、吸烟史、急性生理学与慢性健康评分、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、CAT评分、mMRC评分、HFNC短期疗效是影响高流量HFNC治疗AECOPD短期预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高流量HFNC可更好地改善AECOPD患者动脉血气、肺功能,提高短期疗效,但仍有部分患者受年龄、吸烟史、急性生理学与慢性健康评分、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、CAT评分、mMRC评分、HFNC短期疗效等因素影响,预后不佳,临床中可根据上述危险因素早期制定相关措施以改善短期预后。

初诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴高压病临床症状、生存质量及实验室指标研究

目的探讨初诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴高血压患者呼吸道症状、生存质量、血常规及外周血骨代谢指标特征及意义。方法选取2019年1月至2022年4月在我院治疗的初诊COPD伴高血压患者92例作为观察组,同时选取初诊无高血压的COPD患者92例作为对照组,比较两组改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸问卷(mMRC)、COPD患者自我评估测试问卷(CAT)、COPD全球倡议(GOLD)、SF-36量表评分、血常规及骨代谢指标差异。结果观察组mMRC评级≥2级的比例、CAT评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而SF-36评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组GOLD分级明显高于对照组(P<0.05),用力肺活量(FVC)和第一秒呼气量(FEV_(1))明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)、淋巴细胞计数(LYM)等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组股骨颈骨密度、血钙水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和骨钙素(BGP)水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-4和IL-10明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组高血压分级与mMRC评级、CAT评分和GOLD分级呈正相关(r_(s)=0.455、0.302、0.501,P<0.05),而与FVC、FEV1呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.311、-0.334,P<0.05)。结论初诊COPD伴高血压病患者呼吸症状较重,生存质量较差,发生骨质疏松风险增加,同时患者血压情况与呼吸症状程度有一定关系。

血浆高密度脂蛋白水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关肺动脉高压发病风险的预测价值

目的探究慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关肺动脉高压(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated pulmonary hypertension,COPD-PH)患者血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)对发病风险的预测价值。方法回顾性纳入2019年1月—2019年8月同济大学附属上海市肺科医院643例健康体检者(作为正常对照组)、600例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者和339例COPD-PH患者。收集患者的人口统计学指标、血生化指标和导管数据等临床资料。通过统计分析观察HDL-C对患者发病风险的预测作用。结果与对照组相比,COPD-PH患者血浆的总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(apolipoprotein A-I,ApoA-I)的水平均降低(P<0.05);并且男性和女性患者血浆中TC、HDL-C和ApoA-I的水平均降低(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析发现,血浆中TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和ApoA-I能较好地区分患者与对照群体(P<0.001)。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析经年龄、性别和BMI校正后,结果发现仅有HDL-C是独立预测COPD-PH患者发病风险增加的指标(P=0.015)。结论COPD-PH患者血浆中HDL-C水平显著下降,血浆HDL-C水平越低,COPD-PH的发病风险越高。

Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with coronary artery disease

Background The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and coronary artery disease （CAD） remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the association of COPD with CAD, especially with multi- vessel disease （VD）. Methods The data of 354 patients who underwent multi-detector computed tomography （MDCT） for suspected CAD were analyzed. Luminal narrowing was defined as at least one lesion 50% or greater stenosis. The analysis of serum biochemistry profile and spirometrywere performed on all eligible patients, and the diagnosis of COPD was defined as the criteria of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Results Patients with CAD had a significantly higher complication of COPD than those without CAD （11.8% vs. 3.7%, P 〈0.001）. Comparing with patients without COPD, those with COPD were more likely to have multi-VD, proportion of smoking and high C-reactive protein （CRP） （P 〈0.001）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the multi-VD was significantly correlated with COPD （P=-0.012） and CRP （P=0.015）. Conclusions There was a high complication of COPD in patients with CAD, and COPD may be a critical risk factor for CAD, especially for multi-VD. CAD and COPD were closely associated and the interplay of systemic inflammation might in part explain the relationship between them.

低剂量胸部CT扫描在COPD相关肺动脉高压及其分级诊断中的应用价值分析

目的:分析低剂量胸部CT扫描在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关肺动脉高压及其分级诊断中的应用价值。方法:选择2022年6月—2023年6月济南市第三人民医院收治的219例COPD患者为研究对象,所有患者进行低剂量胸部CT扫描及超声心动图检查,根据有无肺动脉高压分为肺动脉高压组(112例)和无肺动脉高压组(107例),并根据肺动脉高压分级将肺动脉高压组患者分为中重度组(64例)和轻度组(48例)2个亚组。比较肺动脉高压组与无肺动脉高压组以及中重度组与轻度组患者低剂量胸部CT扫描结果,分析低剂量胸部CT扫描在COPD相关肺动脉高压及其分级诊断中的应用价值。结果:肺动脉高压组患者主肺动脉直径(MPAD),主肺动脉与降主动脉直径的比值(rPD)以及主肺动脉与升主动脉的比值(rPA)高于无肺动脉高压组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,MPAD、rPD、rPA诊断COPD相关肺动脉高压的AUC分别为0.929、0.791、0.892,应用价值较高;中重度组患者MPAD、rPD、rPA高于轻度组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,MPAD、rPD、rPA诊断COPD相关肺动脉高压分级的AUC分别为0.761、0.728、0.872,有一定应用价值。结论:低剂量胸部CT扫描中的相关参数MPAD、rPD、rPA在COPD相关肺动脉高压及其分级诊断中的应用价值较高。

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭的应用研究

目的:探究无创正压通气(NIPPV)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并呼吸衰竭(RF)患者的影响。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年7月信丰县人民医院收治的93例AECOPD合并RF患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组共45例,观察组共48例。对照组行常规治疗,观察组加以NIPPV治疗。对比两组临床疗效、临床有关指标、动脉血气分析、生命体征。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,插管率低于对照组,住院时间短于对照组;且治疗后的二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR),低于对照组,氧分压(PaO_(2))高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:NIPPV可改善AECOPD合并RF患者动脉血气分析,稳定生命体征,降低插管率,提高生存率,临床可推广应用。