Anatomy in Patients with 22q11 Deletion and Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with and without 22q11 deletion undergoing surgery for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals between January 2004 and August 2009 at our institutions. Information was collected on collateral origin, arch sidedness, presence of central pulmonary arteries, and presence of an aberrant subclavian vessel. While patients with 22q11 deletion were more likely to have collateral origin from brachiocephalic vessels, patients without 22q11 deletion were more likely to have collateral origin from the descending aorta. There was no significant difference in arch sidedness or the presence of central pulmonary arteries. Patients with 22q11 deletion were more likely to have an aberrant subclavian artery (15/46 vs 5/54, p < 0.05), whether a left or right arch was present. Nine of the fifteen 22q11 deletion patients had a collateral originating from an aberrant subclavian artery. In time, genomic and embryologic research may help determine the exact mechanisms by which 22q11 deletion contributes to the development of congenital heart disease such as pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals.

Evaluation of Biventricular Volume and Systolic Function in Children with Ventricular Septal Defect and Moderate to Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Using Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Background: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) could obtain ventricular volume andejection fraction rapidly and non-invasively without relying on ventricular morphology. This study aims to useRT-3DE to evaluate the changes in biventricular volume and systolic function in children with ventricular septaldefect (VSD) and moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) before surgery. Methods: In this study18 children with VSD and moderate to severe PH (VSD + PH Group) and 18 healthy children of the sameage (Control Group) were recruited. Biventricular volume and systolic function were evaluated by RT-3DE.The measurements included: left and right ventricular volume indexed to body surface area (BSA), stroke volume(SV) indexed to BSA, and ejection fraction (EF). Results: The results showed left and right ventricular volumeindexed to BSA and SV indexed to BSA were significantly increased in VSD + PH Group (VSD + PH Groupvs. Control Group), LVEDV/BSA (ml/m2): 48.67 ± 21.46 vs. 25.59 ± 6.96, RVEDV/BSA (ml/m2): 55.98 ±15.35 vs. 27.69 ± 4.37, LVSV/BSA (ml/m2): 24.08 ± 9.30 vs. 15.14 ± 4.29, RVSV/BSA (ml/m2): 26.02 ± 8.87 vs.14.11 ± 2.89, (P < 0.05). While for EF in VSD + PH Group decreased (VSD + PH Group vs. Control Group),LVEF: 50.93 ± 7.50% vs. 59.38 ± 7.24%, RVEF: 45.84 ± 7.71% vs. 51.05 ± 6.90% (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Inchildren with VSD and moderate to severe PH, increased biventricular volume and decreased systolic functionwere observed with RT-3DE, but biventricular systolic function remained within acceptable limits. The childrenin this study recovered well after surgery without serious perioperative complications, suggesting that biventricularsystolic function may help facilitate the surgical decision-making process in children with VSD and moderate-toseverePH.

Discharge planning for children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension in China

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of discharge planning on maternal caring knowledge,maternal caring behavior,maternal discharge readiness and the rehospitalization of children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension(VSD-PAH).Background:Children with congenital heart disease(CHD)with pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)have more complications after surgery than those without PAH.Discharge planning is an effective strategy to help children leave the hospital safely,and receive appropriate care after discharge.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was used.Sixty children and their mothers were recruited and divided into two groups:the control group received conventional care,the intervention group received both conventional care and additional discharge planning care.Results:(1)After admission,maternal caring knowledge between the two groups was similar.(2)At discharge,maternal discharge readiness,maternal caring knowledge and maternal caring behavior in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group(t=3.35,p=0.001;F=84.74,p<0.001;F=23.82,p<0.001).This difference persisted after discharge,and was evident at one month and three months after discharge.(3)However,no significant difference in the readmission rate of children after discharge was evident between the two groups.Conclusions:Discharge planning improves the maternal discharge readiness,maternal caring knowledge and maternal caring behaviors.However,this planning did not reduce the readmission rate of children with CHD-PAH.

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LUNG BIOPSY TISSUE IN PATIENTS WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT AND VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

The pulmonary vasculature from 24 children with Tetralapy of Fallot (TOF)and ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension (VSD/PH) war studied morphometrically. The study showed hypoplasis of small arteries in TOF There was a decrease in pulmonary artery size, but in the intra-acinar region small arteries were increased in number with mild intimal change. The pulmonary vascular resistance was normal postoperatively. The pulmonary vasculature in VSD/PH displayed a variable degree of obstructive lesions. The pulmonary arterial pressure remained elevated postoperatively in patients with severe pulmonary obstructive diseases.

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Rotation and Twist Using Speckle Tracking Imaging in Patients with Atrial Septal Defect

Speckle tracking imaging （STI） was employed to investigate the effect of right ventricular （RV） volume and pressure overload on left ventricular （LV） rotation and twist in 35 patients with atrial septal defect （ASD）, 18 of which with pulmonary hypertension, and 21 healthy subjects serving as controls. The peak rotations of 6 segments at the basal and apical short-axises and the average peak rotation and interval time of the 6 segments in the opposite direction during early systolic phase were measured respectively. LV twist versus time profile was drawn and the peak twist and time to peak twist were calculated. LV ejection fraction （EF） was measured by Biplane Simpson. Compared to ASD patients without pulmonary hypertension and healthy subjects, the peak rotations of posterior, inferior and postsept walls at the basal level were lower （P〈0.05）, and the average counterclockwise peak rotation of 6 segments at the basal level during early systolic phase was higher （P〈0.05）, and the average interval time was delayed （P〈0.05）. LV peak twist was also lower （P〈0.05）, and had a significant negative correlation with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure （r=-0.57, P=0.001）. No significant differences were found in LVEF among the three groups. It was suggested that although RV volume overload due to ASD has no significant effects on LV rotation and twist, LV peak twist is lower in ASD patients with pulmonary hypertension. Thus LV twist may serve as a new indicator of the presence of pulmonary hypertension in ASD patients.

THE EXPESSION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 IN VENTRICULAR SPETAL DEFECT WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Objective To research the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in vascular of lung, endocardium and myocardial vascular of congenital heart disease (CHD) ventricular septal defect (VSD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods The Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunoassay was used to measure the expression of ET-1 in pulmonary arteriola, pulmonary veinlet, endocardium and endangium of vasa coronary of 20 cases VSD of CHD with PH, and contrast the expression level of these 20 cases VSD of CHD with PH. Results The expression of ET-1 PH patients in pulmonary arteriola, endocardium, and endangium of vasa coronary was much higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significance variance in expression level of pulmonary veinlet between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion If VSD of CHD was accompany with PH, the degree of PH has a positive correlation with the amount of ET-1 in pulmonary arteriola, ET-1 may be the cause of dynamic PH, and also the acceleration factor of the PH. However, the amount of ET-1 in endocardium and endangium of vasa coronary, may have significant connection with the myocardium hypertrophy in dynamic PH.

Our Experience in 33 Patients of Multiple Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Study: Retrospective study of 33 patients with multiple VSD during March 2009 to March 2014. Technique: The defects were located by injecting the cardioplegia solution into left atrium after occluding the pulmonary artery. Through right atrial approach, the large ventricular septal defects were closed by pericardial patch. The smaller ventricular septal defects were closed directly. Results: Out of 33 patients, 20 patients were multiple ventricular septal defects, 5 patients were atrioventricular canal defect with multiple ventricular septal defects and 8 patients were transposition of great arteries with multiple ventricular septal defects. All the patients had severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. The mean age and body weight at repair was 4.51 months and 5.41 kg respectively. Failure to locate additional ventricular septal defects happened in 1 patient where the pulmonary artery banding was done. Six patients had residual ventricular septal defect after surgery, and no significant left to right shunted. One patient had permanent pacemaker implanted in the postoperative period due to the heart block. There was no early and late mortality. Conclusion: Management of multiple ventricular septal defects is quite complex. Right atrial approach of ventricular septal defects closure is safe, simple and effective in closure of multiple ventricular septal defects.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Medical Management of the Adult Patient with Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease(CHD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)includes a heterogeneous patient population that can be characterized by the underlying cardiac malformation.CHD-associated PAH has an estimated prevalence of 5– 10% in adult patients,with an increasing number of patients surviving to adulthood because of advances in the surgical management and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)-targeted pharmacotherapy.Although limited data exist,targeted PAH pharmacotherapy has proven to be benefi cial in patients with CHD-associated PAH,with observed improvement in functional class,increase in exercise capacity,and improvement in quality of life and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.Additionally,there has been increasing interest in the“treat-to-close”strategy.PAH-targeted pharmacotherapy may be used to optimize cardiopulmonary hemodynamics so as to improve patients’operability in repairing the cardiac defect.Although there have been signifi cant advances in the management of this disease state in the past 2 decades,mortality remains high,and ongoing clinical trials are needed to better understand the treat-to-close strategy.

Impact of right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery on promoting the development of pulmonary vasculature in patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Background Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect(PA/VSD)is a rare and complex congenital heart disease(CHD).The optimal palliative surgical strategy for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect(PA/VSD)in neonates and young infants is controversial.Surgery mainly includes the following two options,right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection(RV-PA)and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery(SPS).Objectives:To determine the impact of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection or systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery as the initially palliated surgical strategy on promoting the development of pulmonary vasculature in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect(PA/VSD).Methods:From January 2010 to December 2019,104 patients with PA/VSD in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute who underwent right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection or systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery as the initially palliated surgical strategy to promoting the development of pulmonary vasculature were identified and enrolled in this retrospective study.The cohort was divided into two groups:group-Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Connection(RV-PA),who underwent initial palliation with staged repair(n=51),and group-Systemic-to-Pulmonary Artery Shunt(SPS)(n=53).Preoperative and postoperative the development of pulmonary vasculature data have been collected and compared.Results:Before the surgery,the Mc Goon Ratio of the RV-PA group significantly high than and the SPS group(P<0.05).After the surgery,in the RV-PA group,the Nakata index,Mc Goon Ratio score significantly increased during the interstage period(P<0.01).At the meantime,the HCT,RBC and HB significantly reduced in the RV-PA group compared with the SPS group(P<0.05).The shunt group performed better in these areas:length of hospital stay,ACC time and CPB time(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt,right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection is more effective to promote the development of the pulmonary vasculature for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.

Midterm results of diagnostic treatment and repair strategy in older patients presenting with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary artery hypertension

Background Congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension （SPAH）,previously thought to have irreversible pulmonary vascular disease （PVD）,has been recently successfully corrected using diagnostic treatment and repair strategy by our surgery team.This study aimed to evaluate the midterm results of a selected cohort of older patients with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect （VSD） and SPAH using diagnostic treatment and repair strategy.Methods The records of 56 patients older than six years with nonrestrictive VSD and SPAH undergoing diagnostic treatment and repair strategy from 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.All patients received advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension （PAH） therapy and radical repairs were performed when transcutaneous oxygen saturation （SPO2） increased up to 93％.Results There were no operative deaths.SPO2 and baseline six-minute walk test （SMWT） distance of all selected patients increased significantly and mean pulmonary artery pressure （MPAP） regressed significantly after diagnostic treatment and at late follow-up （P ＜0.01）.The incidence of late postoperative PAH was seen in six （10.7％） patients and by Logistic regression analysis,early postoperative PAH was an independent risk factor related to late postoperative PAH.Conclusions Diagnostic treatment and repair strategy was effective and safe for treatment of nonrestrictive VSD and SPAH and the midterm results were excellent.Diagnostic treatment strategy was effective in assessing the reversibility of SPAH in older patients associated with nonrestrictive VSD and the PVD in these selective patients is generally reversible.

Echocardiogram in predicting correctable shunts in ventricular septal defect patients associated with severe pulmonary hypertension

Background Echocardiogram is a simple and useful tool in disease assessment.In ventricular septal defect(VSD)patients with severe pulmonary hypertension(PH),it is difficult to judge whether further intervention is needed.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the application of echocardiogram in predicting the severity of pulmonary hypertension and guide subsequent management.Methods This study included VSD patients who underwent right heart catheterization(RHC)examination in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January2011 to December 2022.An estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure(e PASP)higher than 60 mm Hg was defined as severe PH in this study.Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis were used.Results A total of 186 VSD patients with severe PH(e PASP more than 60 mm Hg)were included in this study,with 158 cases in the non-correctable group and 28 cases in the collectable group.In univariable logistic regression,left atrium dimension(LA),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVDd),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVDs),peak velocity of the pulmonary valve(PV),peak velocities from the early phase of the mitral inflow(MVE),bidirectional shunting and pericardial effusion were associated with a correctable shunt.When adjusted in multivariable model,only PV and bidirectional shunting remained statistically significant.The ROC curve found that PV exhibits good discriminative ability for correctable shunt(AUC[area under the curve]:0.779,95%CI:0.676-0.871)with a cut-off value of 1.465 m/s.The predictive performance of bidirectional shunting was not satisfactory,with a low AUC of 0.669(95%CI:0.571-0.766).Conclusions PV and bidirectional shunting are simple and clinically available parameters from echocardiogram in predicting PH severity,which not only avoids the repeated unnecessary cardiac catheterization,but also provides a reference basis for follow-up evaluation.

Surgical treatment of interrupted aortic arch associated with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus in patients over one year of age

Background Interrupted aortic arch （IAA） is a rare congenital anomaly affecting 1.5％ of infants with congenital heart disease.Neonatal repair of IAA is required to avoid irreversible pulmonary vascular lesion.However,in China,patients with IAA associated with ventricular septal defect （VSD） and patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） over one year of age are common.So we investigated the outcome of surgical treatment of IAA with VSD and PDA in patients over one year of age.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,19 patients with IAA have undergone complete single-stage repair.The patients＇ mean age was 4.4 years,ranging 1 to 15 years; and their mean weight was 12.8 kg,ranging 4.2 to 36.0 kg.Fifteen IAA were type A,four were type B.Preoperative cardiac catheterization data were available from all patients.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure （mPAP） and pulmonary vascular resistance （PVR） were measured.The measurements of postoperative pulmonary artery pressure were taken in the operating room at the end of the case.All patients underwent echocardiographic examinations before discharged from the hospital.In addition,cardiac catheterization and echocardiographic examinations were performed during follow-up.Selective brain perfusion through the innominate artery during aortic arch reconstruction was used in all patients.Mean follow-up was （1.6±0.8） years.Results There were two hospital deaths （2/19,11％）.One patient died of pulmonary hypertension crisis,and another died of postoperative low cardiac output.Five cases had other main postoperative complications but no postoperative neurologic complications.Seventeen survivors were followed up,and there were no late deaths or reoperation.Mean cross-clamp duration was （85±22） minutes and selective brain perfusion duration was （34±11） minutes.Two patients required delayed sternal closure at two days postoperatively.Intensive care unit and hospital stays were （9±8） days and （47±24） days,respectively.Pressure gradients across the anastomosis at most recent follow up were less than 22 mmHg.mPAP regressed significantly from preoperative （62.1±8.1） mmHg to postoperative （37.3±11.3） mmHg （P ＜0.001） and （24.2±6.0） mmHg at six months after discharged from the hospital （P ＜0.001）.The pulmonary vascular resistance also regressed significantly from preoperative （1 501.4±335.7） dyn·s·cm-5 to （485.0±215.1） dyn·s·cm-5 at six months after discharged from the hospital （P ＜0.001）.The majority of the seventeen patients （89％） were in New York Heart Association （NYHA） class Ⅰ,and 11％ remained in NYHA class Ⅱ.Conclusions Single-stage repair of patients with IAA,VSD and PDA over one year of age can have good surgical results and functional outcomes.Assessment and treatment of pulmonary artery pressure pre-operatively and postoperatively was crucial.mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance may have regress significantly compared to preoperative values.

HD-Flow联合STIC在胎儿肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨高分辨率血流成像(HD-Flow)联合时间-空间复合成像(STIC)诊断胎儿肺动脉闭锁合并室缺(PA-VSD)的临床价值。方法:分析经胎儿超声心动图诊断的44例PA-VSD胎儿心脏二维、HD-Flow联合STIC图像,评估HD-Flow联合STIC在PA-VSD不同分型诊断中的效能,并探讨PA-VSD胎儿动脉导管内径与左、右肺动脉内径相关性。结果:HD-Flow联合STIC诊断44例PA-VSD,其中A型42例,C型2例。HD-Flow联合STIC能够清晰显示胎儿肺动脉及其分支血管及动脉导管血流;Pearson相关性分析表明A型动脉导管内径和左、右肺动脉内径均呈正相关(r=0.507、0.404,P<0.01)。结论:HD-Flow联合STIC能够明确诊断PA-VSD并分型,有较大的临床应用价值,A型PA-VSD胎儿动脉导管内径与左、右肺动脉内径存在正相关。

肺动脉闭锁根治及体肺侧支融合患儿的术后护理

总结1例行肺动脉闭锁根治及体肺侧支融合患儿的术后护理体会。针对患儿手术操作复杂、体外循环时间长、术后右心室顺应性差、应用人工带瓣血管、延迟关胸等问题,采取严格控制出入量,维持右心功能稳定;做好早期动态抗凝管理,保持人工带瓣血管通畅;重视延迟关胸及呼吸道护理;加强营养支持及心理护理等措施。经过精心治疗和护理,患儿康复出院。随访6个月,患儿右室流出道通畅,心功能恢复良好。

猫室间隔缺损双向分流的病例报告

本文介绍1只14月龄雌性未绝育的苏格兰折耳猫因鼻炎来院就诊,X线检查和超声心动图检查发现患猫存在孤立型室间隔缺损(VSD),缺口处呈双向分流,右心室流出道未发现狭窄,肺动脉扩张且伴有右心肥大,存在肺动脉高压。患猫自确诊后16个月内未进行持续性医学治疗,生活质量未受到明显影响。该报告表明,猫孤立型VSD对临床症状的影响不明显,与犬存在差异,可为小动物临床诊疗提供参考。

经导管介入封堵治疗室间隔缺损的并发症及其处理

目的:回顾性研究经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的并发症及其处理。方法:VSD介入治疗的300例(男152,女148)患者,年龄2～44(10.8±7.8)岁,回顾性统计分析所有患者术中及术后发生的并发症,并对并发症的处理进行总结。结果:手术技术成功率98%(294/300)。严重并发症8例(2.7%),无死亡病例。其中5例(1.7%)术后发生高度房室传导阻滞,经激素、异丙肾上腺素、临时起搏器等治疗后,4例恢复,1例治疗50天后仍有间歇性高度房室传导阻滞发生,植入永久起搏器治疗。另2例(0.7%)术后发生溶血,激素等治疗后,溶血均消失。1例(0.3%)患者术后4天发现封堵器移位,急诊转心脏外科手术处理。术后一过性及短期并发症有:1例(0.3%)患者术后发现少量心包积液,经静脉推注鱼精蛋白对抗肝素,止血药处理后控制;91例(30.3%)患者封堵术后即刻心脏彩色B超室间隔有微～少量残余分流,其中3例(1%)患者术后3～6个月复查仍有微量残余分流。8例(2.7%)患者术后新出现主动脉瓣微量反流,4例(1.3%)术后新出现三尖瓣少量反流。84例(28%)术后心电图(ECG)出现间歇性加速性交界性心律或加速性室性自主心律伴干扰性房室脱节,给予激素等治疗3～7天后均恢复正常。53例(17.7%)术后ECG为不完全性或完全性右束支传导阻滞,2例(0.7%)术后ECG为完全性左束支传导阻滞。27例(9%)术后ECG有室内传导阻滞。结论:采用Amplatzer偏心性膜部VSD和国产双盘状VSD封堵器经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损严重并发症发生率低,是一安色、疗效可靠、理想的治疗方法。

肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损的临床病理分析

目的研究肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损的解剖类型和血流动力学改变,并探讨其适宜的手术方式。方法回顾性分析233例肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损的造影结果,分析肺血来源、肺动脉发育情况和合并畸形及其与手术预后的影响。结果233例中中央肺动脉存在,肺血单纯由未闭的动脉导管供应者112例(48.1%),其中1例为双侧动脉导管(0.5%);中央肺动脉和大的主-肺动脉侧支血管(MAPCA)均存在者104例(44.6%);无中央肺动脉,仅有MAPCA供应肺血者17例(7.3%)。肺动脉闭锁部位以右室流出道和瓣膜闭锁最多见(48.1%)。侧支血管的来源包括直接的主动脉-肺侧支动脉,间接的主动脉-肺侧支动脉和支气管动脉。合并畸形包括心脾综合征、房室连接不一致、心室大动脉连接不一致、多发室间隔缺损、右位主动脉弓、房间隔缺损、左上腔静脉残存、内脏异位症、上下心室、肺静脉异位引流和冠状动脉起源异常等。结论肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损患者肺血来源多样化,肺动脉发育程度不一,并可合并多种心内、心外畸形,影响手术方法的选择和手术结果。

室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的外科治疗

目的:总结分析室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生情况及外科治疗的效果。方法:选择2016年5月至2019年12月因室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症就诊于我院并行外科手术治疗的患者14例,分析室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生情况、手术方法的选择、手术结果及随访结果。结果:患者室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生包括:瓣膜损伤9例(三尖瓣、主动脉瓣损伤分别有5例和6例,其中三尖瓣和主动脉瓣同时损伤2例),左心室流出道梗阻1例,心律失常6例(三度房室阻滞2例、完全性左束支阻滞4例),溶血1例。所有患者均于体外循环下行室间隔缺损封堵器取出术和室间隔缺损修补术;另外,5例患者行主动脉瓣成形术,1例行主动脉瓣置换术,9例行三尖瓣成形术,2例植入永久起搏器。术后重症监护室住院时间为19.00(13.00,46.75)h,呼吸机使用时间为6.00(3.00,9.25) h,总住院时间为7.00(6.00,9.50)d。术后中位随访18.00(7.75,38.00)个月,所有患者室间隔缺损无残余分流,无瓣膜功能不良,植入起搏器的患者起搏器功能良好。结论:室间隔缺损封堵术后需外科手术治疗的并发症较多样,应以预防为主,一旦出现需早期外科干预;外科干预效果良好。

室间隔缺损封堵术后并发症及其处理

目的探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术并发症发生的原因,并探讨相应治疗。方法采用封堵术治疗VSD患儿50例,与采用外科手术治疗105例比较术中、术后各项手术并发症的发生率。两组率的比较采用卡方检验。结果封堵组术中及术后出现左前分支或完全性左束支阻滞较多见(P<0.05),其他并发症包括再次外科手术、术后残余分流、术中出血多、神经受损、溶血、术中或术后Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞、气胸、胸腔积液、心包积液、主动脉瓣关闭不全及术后感染两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论与外科手术比较,采用介入封堵术治疗VSD安全、创伤小。

不同姑息性手术对肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损患者肺血管发育促进作用的比较

目的:比较体肺分流术和姑息性右心室肺动脉(RV-PA)连接术两种不同姑息手术方式在肺动脉闭锁室间隔缺损患者分期矫治中的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2009-12至2012-08连续在我院行分期手术治疗的92例合并肺动脉发育不良的肺动脉闭锁室间隔缺损患者,以比较行体肺分流术(n=47)和姑息性RV-PA连接术(n=45)患者的围手术期结果、术后肺血管发育情况以及最终根治率等的差异。结果:平均随访(2.01±1.02)年时,两组肺血管发育指标Nakata指数、McGoon比值均较术前明显升高(P均<0.001),但两组间差异未见统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。姑息性RV-PA连接术组最终获得解剖学根治的比例明显高于体肺分流术组(62.2%vs 31.9%,P<0.01)。根治手术时姑息性RV-PA连接术组紫绀情况较体肺分流术组改善明显,手术时间也明显减少(P均<0.001);重症监护病房滞留时间和呼吸机使用时间虽有缩短但未见统计学差异。结论:相较于体肺分流术,姑息性RV-PA连接术作为促进肺动脉闭锁室间隔缺损分期手术的姑息手术,能更有效地提高根治率,可能有利于二次根治手术时患者恢复。