Research on Simulation Methods of Electric Field Intensity on Surface of 10 kV Cable Joint

The electric field intensity (EFI) is important characteristic quantity for evaluating the internal insulation state of cable joints. Based on finite element method, this paper proposes two EFI research methods, field-circuit coupling method and equivalent circuit method. The average EFI of the inner surface of the outer semi-conducting shield can be calculated from the current in the measuring circuit. The relative error between these two methods is about 15%, which roughly proves the consistency of the two methods. Further practical application research enables online monitoring of cable joints.

Novel Hybrid Physics‑Informed Deep Neural Network for Dynamic Load Prediction of Electric Cable Shovel

Electric cable shovel(ECS)is a complex production equipment,which is widely utilized in open-pit mines.Rational valuations of load is the foundation for the development of intelligent or unmanned ECS,since it directly influences the planning of digging trajectories and energy consumption.Load prediction of ECS mainly consists of two types of methods:physics-based modeling and data-driven methods.The former approach is based on known physical laws,usually,it is necessarily approximations of reality due to incomplete knowledge of certain processes,which introduces bias.The latter captures features/patterns from data in an end-to-end manner without dwelling on domain expertise but requires a large amount of accurately labeled data to achieve generalization,which introduces variance.In addition,some parts of load are non-observable and latent,which cannot be measured from actual system sensing,so they can’t be predicted by data-driven methods.Herein,an innovative hybrid physics-informed deep neural network(HPINN)architecture,which combines physics-based models and data-driven methods to predict dynamic load of ECS,is presented.In the proposed framework,some parts of the theoretical model are incorporated,while capturing the difficult-to-model part by training a highly expressive approximator with data.Prior physics knowledge,such as Lagrangian mechanics and the conservation of energy,is considered extra constraints,and embedded in the overall loss function to enforce model training in a feasible solution space.The satisfactory performance of the proposed framework is verified through both synthetic and actual measurement dataset.

Electrical Aging Phenomena of Power Cables Aged by Switching Impulses

Due to the insufficient information regarding the aging phenomenon of cables caused by switching impulses, we aged 15 kV XLPE and EPR cable samples by 10 000 switching impulses in experiments and tested them. Plus in order to compare the aging phenome- non under multi-stress conditions, additional EPR cable samples were aged by rated AC voltage and current with switching impulses superimposed. We used measurements of partial discharge parameters to monitor the cables’ conditions during their aging process, and the AC breakdown voltages measurement to evaluate the cables after aging. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements revealed the changes of insulation materials after aging. The measurement results confirm that the accelerated aging of cable samples had taken place. The impacts of each individual aging factor are shown through the selected measurements and comparison. The study also helps to assess the reliability of the XLPE and EPR cables under similar condition while serving in power systems.

Studies on the Effect of Accelerated Thermal Aging on Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of XLPE Cable

The degradation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation during service, such as thermo-oxidation and water treeing may lead to a premature electrical breakdown of the XLPE insulation cables. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the period of replacement to evenly distribute the replacement cost by ascertaining the deterioration degree. Estimation of the aging degree is at present the most important task for diagnosis of the residual lifetime of the power cable insulation. This paper presents a study on the changes in the dielectric properties of the thermally aged XLPE cables in the frequency range from 0.07～10 MHz. Based on electrical and physicochemical characterization, some new "dactylograms" for the thermally aged XLPE cable insulation have been proposed.

Experimental study of low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system

To evaluate the thermal performance of a low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system,an experimental facility equipped with a constant temperature chamber and different specimen floors is designed and built.The heating cable is installed in the floor slab with a unit-rated power of 30 W/m.Twenty-four different schemes are worked out and tested,which include three kinds of composite floor structures and eight kinds of cable distances.The cable distances are 30,40,50,60,80,100,130,150 mm.The main affective factors of the thermal performance and their influencing regularity are discussed.The experimental results show that the system has good stability and reliability,and the ratio of the radiation heat-transfer rate to the gross heat-transfer rate is greater than 50%.When the floor structure and the cable distance are fixed,the gross heat-transfer rate of the upper floor surface has a maximum value at an optimal cable distance.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the optimal cable distance is 50 mm.

Preparation of Self-limiting Heating Cables with Excellent Processability, Mechanical Properties and PTC Effect via Thermal and Electrical Treatments

Polymer/conductive filler composites have been widely used for the preparation of self-limiting heating cables with the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect. The control of conductive filler distribution and network in polymer matrix is the most critical for performance of PTC materials. In order to compensate for the destruction of the filler network structure caused by strong shearing during processing, an excessive conductive filler content is usually added into the polymer matrix, which in turn sacrifices its processability and mechanical properties. In this work, a facile post-treatment of the as-extruded cable, including thermal and electrical treatment to produce high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon black (CB) cable with excellent PTC effect, is developed. It is found for the as-extruded sample, the strong shearing makes the CB particles disperse uniformly in HDPE matrix, and 25 wt% CB is needed for the formation of conductive paths. For the thermal-treated sample, a gradually aggregated CB filler structure is observed, which leads to the improvement of PTC effect and the notable reduction of CB content to 20 wt%. It is very interesting to see that for the sample with combined thermal and electrical treatment, CB particles are agglomerated and oriented along the electric field direction to create substantial conductive paths, which leads to a further decrease of CB content down to 15 wt%. In this way, self-limiting heating cables with excellent processability, mechanical properties and PTC effect have simultaneously been achieved.

Electrical Tree Image Segmentation Using Hybrid Multi Scale Line Tracking Algorithm

Electrical trees are an aging mechanismmost associated with partial discharge(PD)activities in crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)insulation of high-voltage(HV)cables.Characterization of electrical tree structures gained considerable attention from researchers since a deep understanding of the tree morphology is required to develop new insulation material.Two-dimensional(2D)optical microscopy is primarily used to examine tree structures and propagation shapes with image segmentation methods.However,since electrical trees can emerge in different shapes such as bush-type or branch-type,treeing images are complicated to segment due to manifestation of convoluted tree branches,leading to a high misclassification rate during segmentation.Therefore,this study proposed a new method for segmenting 2D electrical tree images based on the multi-scale line tracking algorithm(MSLTA)by integrating batch processing method.The proposed method,h-MSLTA aims to provide accurate segmentation of electrical tree images obtained over a period of tree propagation observation under optical microscopy.The initial phase involves XLPE sample preparation and treeing image acquisition under real-time microscopy observation.The treeing images are then sampled and binarized in pre-processing.In the next phase,segmentation of tree structures is performed using the h-MSLTA by utilizing batch processing in multiple instances of treeing duration.Finally,the comparative investigation has been conducted using standard performance assessment metrics,including accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,Dice coefficient and Matthew’s correlation coefficient(MCC).Based on segmentation performance evaluation against several established segmentation methods,h-MSLTA achieved better results of 95.43%accuracy,97.28%specificity,69.43%sensitivity rate with 23.38%and 24.16%average improvement in Dice coefficient and MCC score respectively over the original algorithm.In addition,h-MSLTA produced accurate measurement results of global tree parameters of length and width in comparison with the ground truth image.These results indicated that the proposed method had a solid performance in terms of segmenting electrical tree branches in 2D treeing images compared to other established techniques.

基于CHS与Pro/E_cabling电气系统线缆线束数字化设计

车辆电气系统的线束线缆设计主要是基于AutoCAD的二维设计,这需要花费大量时间来完成从原理图-接线原理图-线束加工图的整个设计过程.而且,对于所设计的线束是否正确没有一定的措施来监控,从而导致线缆一旦出现接线错误,将很难发现并予以排除.此外,在二维设计与三维设计、设计与仿真、设计与加工制造等环节上都存在脱节问题,限制了设计效率和质量的提高.为此,将美国mentor公司的CHS(Capital Harness System)线缆线束设计软件与PTC公司的Pro/E_Cabling模块结合起来,实现线缆线束自顶向下的从二维接线原理图到三维整车布线图再到线缆加工二维图的一体化设计,大大提高了设计的可靠性和后续的维护效率.

热处理工艺对铜电缆组织及性能的影响

针对当前新能源汽车充电电缆中铜导线强度与导电率难以兼顾的难题,采用不同工艺对常用充电电缆的铜线导体(φ0.8 mm)进行再结晶退火处理,旨在优化其力学性能与电学性能。结果表明:拉拔态铜线具有较高的强度(抗拉强度R_(m)=385 MPa),较低的电学性能(导电率σ=99.4%IACS),以及较低的弯折性能(136次)。对拉拔态铜线进行不同温度(180、200、220、550、800℃)及保温时间(30 min、18 s、8 s)退火并测量样品的力学性能和导电率,发现在200℃×30 min退火后样品具有较好的综合性能,导电率增大至103.3%IACS,弯折性能增大至318次。再结晶退火使铜线内部的微观结构发生明显变化,性能的变化与微观组织的变化息息相关。

电快速瞬变脉冲群串扰耦合分析及防护措施研究

EFT产生的瞬态脉冲干扰可通过电缆耦合进入电子系统的内部,损伤电子设备。为降低瞬态脉冲对电缆串扰耦合的影响,首先利用电磁仿真软件CST建立平行电缆耦合仿真模型,当电压等级为4 kV时,测试电缆的近端串扰电压达到71.2 V,远高于部分敏感器件的阈值;然后通过分析电快速瞬变脉冲群的频谱特性,瞬态脉冲的干扰能量主要集中在1~10 MHz的范围内;最后利用仿真软件Filter Solution设计合理的防护电路。结果表明,防护电路能有效降低瞬态脉冲对电路的影响。

基于脉冲同步的配电电缆局部放电在线监测及定位方法

为了解决配网电缆局部放电在线定位难题,文中提出了一种基于脉冲同步的配电电缆局部放电双端在线定位方法,并研制了面向泛在电力物联网的配电电缆在线监测系统。首先,通过向电缆中注入脉冲信号,实现双端系统的时钟同步,并获得高频信号在电缆中的传播速度,解决了到达时间分析方法在配网电缆应用中同步困难的问题,并提出了采用基于能量法估计的局部放电脉冲到达时间,提高局部放电定位结果的鲁棒性。然后,描述了面向泛在物联网的配网电缆局部放电在线监测要求和架构。其次,详细讨论了关键硬件的实现方法,包括增益可调的高频电流互感器和感性脉冲注入装置。最后,为了验证提出方法和系统的有效性,在实验室10 kV电缆上进行了局部放电模拟试验,实验结果表明,提出的定位方法相比于传统的基于GPS同步的定位方法定位精度显著提升。此外,利用研制的测试系统对风电场真实的35 kV电缆进行了现场测试,验证了提出方法的可行性。

民用建筑电线电缆阻燃耐火性能应用研究

通过分析比对不同电线电缆阻燃耐火性能分类及试验标准,提出设计标准中阻燃类别选择存在的问题及建议。建筑物发生火灾的严重程度与建筑规模功能用途密切相关,不同建筑物的消防用电设备所需连续供电的时间也不同,消防设备配电及控制线路应满足建筑火灾延续时间内能连续供电的要求,电线电缆耐火性能的选择应与之相适应。

垂直洋流下500 kV海缆电热耦合场和载流量研究

发展海上风电是实现“双碳”目标的重要举措。直流海缆是海上风电输电工程的重要装置,而海缆稳态载流量等研究对推动远海风电大规模开发具有重要意义。近年来高压直流海缆稳态载流量的相关研究考虑海洋环境因素较为单一且未充分考虑绝缘层温差的限制。文中建立了500 kV直流海缆与海水系统的电-热-流耦合模型,研究了单根和双极海缆在不同敷设方式下垂直洋流(垂直于海缆长度方向流动的洋流)流速,考虑绝缘层温差限制、双极不同间距等对载流量的影响。结果表明,相较于仅考虑线芯温度70℃限制,综合考虑绝缘层温差20℃限制的载流量更小,且相较于其他敷设方式,直埋敷设时绝缘层温差20℃限制对载流量的影响更小;双极海缆的载流量随双极间距增大而增加,流速为0.1 m/s时涡旋对海缆载流量有较小的提升作用;在绝缘层温差为6℃附近,电场发生翻转。研究结果可为敷设方式的选择以及载流量的预测和评估提供重要指导和参考。

基于宽频阻抗谱BIS的XLPE电缆绝缘电树枝缺陷定位方法

提出了一种改进的宽频阻抗谱BIS方法来定位XLPE电缆中的电树枝缺陷。进行了不同温度下的电树枝实验,以启动不同类型的电树枝。利用矢量网络分析仪测试了电树枝生长过程中的高频电容特性。采用改进的定位算法计算了含有不同类型电树枝缺陷的20m长电缆的定位谱,结果表明切片样品的电容随着电树枝的生长而减小。丛林状电树对电容参数的影响大于松枝状电树枝。在丛林状电树枝的定位谱中发现了一个典型的双峰,在松枝状电树枝的光谱中发现了单个峰。

接枝聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料的电树枝特性及机理

开发高性能的可回收聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料已成为近年来电绝缘领域的研究热点之一。该文对纯聚丙烯(PP)及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝改性聚丙烯试样的电树枝引发和生长特性进行了研究。试验结果发现,相较于纯聚丙烯试样,接枝试样的电树枝引发时间显著提高,电树枝劣化区域和生长速率明显减小。分析表明,接枝MMA单体在聚丙烯试样内部引入了大量深陷阱,并减小了球晶尺寸,有利于抑制载流子的输运行为并显著压缩了非晶区通道的空间尺度,进而改善了接枝试样的电树枝引发特性。此外,接枝试样的球晶尺寸减小使得非晶区通道更为曲折狭长,显著增加了电树枝沿着电场方向生长的阻力,进而改善了接枝试样的电树枝生长特性。随着MMA单体掺杂含量的增多,接枝试样的电树枝引发和生长特性逐渐提升。研究结果可为高性能接枝聚丙烯电缆绝缘材料的研发提供参考。

基于修正分数Poynting-Thomson模型的高压XLPE海缆绝缘评估

为利用频域介电谱准确评估高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)海缆的绝缘状态,建立考虑直流电导率的修正分数Poynting-Thomson模型(分数P-T模型)以解析高压XLPE海缆的介电特性。首先,通过加速老化试验制备不同老化程度的高压XLPE海缆试样,并测得各组老化试样的力学、理化和介电数据。然后,应用修正分数P-T模型对实测介电曲线进行拟合,对比修正前后分数P-T模型表征实测介电曲线的效果。最后,通过仿真探究模型参数对介电曲线的影响规律,构建模型参数与绝缘程度之间的联系,将提出的老化特征参数与断裂伸长率(EAB)进行量化研究。研究结果表明,修正分数P-T模型能够准确拟合出不同老化程度高压XLPE海缆试样的介电曲线,提出的老化特征参数α、ε_(a)、ε_(b)和σ_(dc)可实现对高压XLPE海缆绝缘状态的量化评估。

氮化硼纳米片改性硅橡胶的直流电气与力学性能

日益提升的高压直流输电电压等级对直流电缆附件用硅橡胶的电气性能提出了更高的要求,为了探究具有优良直流电气性能的复合硅橡胶材料,文中制备了填充不同质量分数的聚多巴胺修饰氮化硼纳米片改性硅橡胶,对比分析了不同填充量下复合硅橡胶的直流电气性能。结果表明:填充氮化硼纳米片可以有效抑制硅橡胶的空间电荷积聚现象,试样的直流击穿场强随填充量的提高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在填充量(质量分数,下同)为15%时达到最大值,相比纯硅橡胶提升23.2%,直流电导率先减小后增大,在填充量为15%时取得最小值;除此之外,当填充量为15%时,试样的拉伸强度较纯硅橡胶提升了38.3%,试样的断裂伸长率仅下降2.7%,基本保持了原有的断裂伸长率;经聚多巴胺修饰的氮化硼纳米片复合硅橡胶相比于未经表面修饰的氮化硼纳米片复合材料,其直流电气和力学性能都有显著提高。综合分析,填充量为15%时复合材料具有较好的综合性能。

热老化下涂覆硅脂对110 kV电缆终端接头界面电-热-力场的影响

为了研究热老化条件下高压电缆终端接头内涂覆硅脂对交联聚乙烯绝缘/硅橡胶绝缘复合界面多物理场分布的影响,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了110 kV电缆终端接头电-热-力多物理场模型,仿真分析了热老化下涂覆硅脂前后复合界面电场、温度场以及应力场的分布。结果表明:界面涂覆硅脂后,增加了界面的密封性,使界面电场畸变程度减小,界面温升略微下降,但界面应力呈现不均匀分布。老化后,硅脂对硅橡胶的溶胀造成硅橡胶相对介电常数升高,界面电荷密度增大,电场强度进一步增大。温度升高加剧了硅脂对硅橡胶的渗透,使硅橡胶材料热导率降低,界面温度较老化前升高。老化后,涂覆硅脂的硅橡胶弹性模量大幅降低,界面应力进一步减小。