In this study,the synthetic peptide Leu-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu(LYGALGL)derived from egg white was used as the research object.The structure-activity relationship was elucidated by cell experiment and structure determ...In this study,the synthetic peptide Leu-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu(LYGALGL)derived from egg white was used as the research object.The structure-activity relationship was elucidated by cell experiment and structure determination.The results of cell experiment showed that the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)of LYGALGL were significantly increased by pulsed electric field(PEF)treatment,especially by 10 kV/cm field intensity treatment(P<0.05).However,the content of reactive oxygen species(ROS)decreased significantly(P<0.05).LYGALG treated with 10 kV/cm showed the highest antioxidant activity.The results of structure determination showed that theβ-turn of LYGALGL increased,the random coil decreased,and the active hydrogen sites moved under 10 kV/cm treatment.The structure of LYGALGL was changed and the active site was exposed by PEF,thus improving the antioxidant activity of LYGALGL.展开更多
A pulsed electric field(PEF) was applied to unpasteurized sake at constant temperatures, at which α-amylase was not inactivated. We adjusted the input energy to be identical for the temperatures by changing the numbe...A pulsed electric field(PEF) was applied to unpasteurized sake at constant temperatures, at which α-amylase was not inactivated. We adjusted the input energy to be identical for the temperatures by changing the number of PEF application, because the current significantly increased with the temperature, even the amplitude of the applied voltage was identical. As a result, the α-amylase was seemed to be inactivated by PEF application, not due to thermal effect.The glucoamylase was significantly inactivated by PEF. Moreover, the acid carboxypeptidase was inactivated by PEF at 4 °C but significantly activated at 25 °C. These results show that the sensitivity of enzyme to PEF application differs depending on the types of enzyme and treatment temperature. On the other hand, the colony number of bacteria was remarkably decreased, but the amount of the volatile flavor compounds was not decreased by PEF application.展开更多
A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results...A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2＋. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2＋ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Electromagnetic radiation can influence dopamine （DA） synthesis in brain tissues or ceils, but electromagnetic frequencies, intensities, and radiation time can produce different effects. In addition, th...BACKGROUND： Electromagnetic radiation can influence dopamine （DA） synthesis in brain tissues or ceils, but electromagnetic frequencies, intensities, and radiation time can produce different effects. In addition, the signal pathway by which electromagnetic radiation influences DA synthesis remains controversial. OBJECTIVE： To determine tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in PC12 cells and DA levels in cell culture media after different periods of low-frequency pulsed electric field （LF-PEF） stimulation, and to determine how LF-PEF signaling stimulates TH synthesis using inhibitors. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel, controlled, cell experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, between January and October 2006. MATERIALS： PC12 cells were purchased from the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Nerve growth factor was purchased from PeproTech, USA. The protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126, were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： （1） Following routine culture in Dulbecco＇s modified eagle medium, primary PC12 cells were stimulated under LF-PEF （pulse frequency 50.Hz, pulse width 20 μs, peak field strength 1 V/m） for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes. （2） Inhibitors （H-89 or U0126, 1 μmol/L） were added 30 minutes before LF-PEF stimulation for 10 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） TH expression was determined by Western blot in PC12 cells at 0.5, 1,2, 3, and 4 days after LF-PEF stimulation. Similarly, DA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in media at 2, 3, 4, or 5 days after LF-PEE （2） TH expression was detected 1 day after H-89 or U0126 treatment and LF-PEE RESULTS： （1） Short-term LF-PEF stimulation （5 and 10 minutes） increased TH expression and media DA levels after short-term culture （2 days） （P 〈 0.01）, but both parameters decreased with longer culture （3 4 days） （P 〈 0.01）. Long-term LF-PEF stimulation （15, 20, or 30 minutes） decreased TH and DA synthesis, followed by a rapid increase （P 〈 0.01）. （2） H89 could completely inhibit TH expression in PC12 cells stimulated by LF-PEF for 10 minutes, while the inhibition rate of U0126 was 53.2%. CONCLUSION： Short-term LF-PEF first promotes then inhibits, while long-term LF-PEF first inhibits then promotes, TH and DA synthesis. LF-PEF stimulation regulates TH expression primarily by activating protein kinase A to regulate DA synthesis.展开更多
脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)技术是一种新兴非热食品加工技术,由于PEF对食品质量损伤小且能杀灭食品中有害微生物所以被广泛应用。PEF通过氧化应激途径激活植物类食品的营养物质合成途径,诱导营养物质合成、提高食品质量,然而...脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)技术是一种新兴非热食品加工技术,由于PEF对食品质量损伤小且能杀灭食品中有害微生物所以被广泛应用。PEF通过氧化应激途径激活植物类食品的营养物质合成途径,诱导营养物质合成、提高食品质量,然而关于这一领域的研究较少。PEF发生了氧化应激反应造成了营养物质合成与积累,植物类食品受到PEF刺激后产生大量活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS),ROS会激活代谢物合成途径最终合成蛋白、多酚、硫代葡萄糖苷和胡萝卜素等物质;ROS聚集在微生物的细胞膜上会造成蛋白表达异常,损害脂质层和脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic Acid,DNA),最终导致微生物失活。展开更多
含油微藻的破碎是微藻制油过程中的重要环节。为此,利用清华大学自主研制的高压脉冲电源(THU-PEF4)系统,针对小球藻的光合活性和叶绿素质量浓度这2个生物量,重点考察了高压脉冲电场强度、脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率、电场极性及样品电导率...含油微藻的破碎是微藻制油过程中的重要环节。为此,利用清华大学自主研制的高压脉冲电源(THU-PEF4)系统,针对小球藻的光合活性和叶绿素质量浓度这2个生物量,重点考察了高压脉冲电场强度、脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率、电场极性及样品电导率对小球藻处理效果的影响,在此基础上结合双荧光染色法和流式细胞仪研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对微藻细胞的穿孔破碎效果。研究发现高压脉冲电场强度和脉冲注入能量密度是影响高压脉冲电场处理效果的关键因素,而脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率、电场极性对小球藻的处理效果影响不大。当电场强度从2.5 MV/m增加到5.0 MV/m时,20 m S/m电导率下的小球藻细胞破碎率从17.21%增加至83.29%;当脉冲注入能量密度从8.9 k J/L增加到149.52 k J/L时,4.5 MV/m电场强度作用下的小球藻细胞破碎率从9.78%提高到81.78%。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0400504).
文摘In this study,the synthetic peptide Leu-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu(LYGALGL)derived from egg white was used as the research object.The structure-activity relationship was elucidated by cell experiment and structure determination.The results of cell experiment showed that the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)of LYGALGL were significantly increased by pulsed electric field(PEF)treatment,especially by 10 kV/cm field intensity treatment(P<0.05).However,the content of reactive oxygen species(ROS)decreased significantly(P<0.05).LYGALG treated with 10 kV/cm showed the highest antioxidant activity.The results of structure determination showed that theβ-turn of LYGALGL increased,the random coil decreased,and the active hydrogen sites moved under 10 kV/cm treatment.The structure of LYGALGL was changed and the active site was exposed by PEF,thus improving the antioxidant activity of LYGALGL.
基金the support by a Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 15H02231
文摘A pulsed electric field(PEF) was applied to unpasteurized sake at constant temperatures, at which α-amylase was not inactivated. We adjusted the input energy to be identical for the temperatures by changing the number of PEF application, because the current significantly increased with the temperature, even the amplitude of the applied voltage was identical. As a result, the α-amylase was seemed to be inactivated by PEF application, not due to thermal effect.The glucoamylase was significantly inactivated by PEF. Moreover, the acid carboxypeptidase was inactivated by PEF at 4 °C but significantly activated at 25 °C. These results show that the sensitivity of enzyme to PEF application differs depending on the types of enzyme and treatment temperature. On the other hand, the colony number of bacteria was remarkably decreased, but the amount of the volatile flavor compounds was not decreased by PEF application.
基金Project supported by the Technology Innovation Project of University (No. 705013)
文摘A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2＋. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2＋ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.50677022
文摘BACKGROUND： Electromagnetic radiation can influence dopamine （DA） synthesis in brain tissues or ceils, but electromagnetic frequencies, intensities, and radiation time can produce different effects. In addition, the signal pathway by which electromagnetic radiation influences DA synthesis remains controversial. OBJECTIVE： To determine tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in PC12 cells and DA levels in cell culture media after different periods of low-frequency pulsed electric field （LF-PEF） stimulation, and to determine how LF-PEF signaling stimulates TH synthesis using inhibitors. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel, controlled, cell experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, between January and October 2006. MATERIALS： PC12 cells were purchased from the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Nerve growth factor was purchased from PeproTech, USA. The protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126, were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： （1） Following routine culture in Dulbecco＇s modified eagle medium, primary PC12 cells were stimulated under LF-PEF （pulse frequency 50.Hz, pulse width 20 μs, peak field strength 1 V/m） for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes. （2） Inhibitors （H-89 or U0126, 1 μmol/L） were added 30 minutes before LF-PEF stimulation for 10 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） TH expression was determined by Western blot in PC12 cells at 0.5, 1,2, 3, and 4 days after LF-PEF stimulation. Similarly, DA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in media at 2, 3, 4, or 5 days after LF-PEE （2） TH expression was detected 1 day after H-89 or U0126 treatment and LF-PEE RESULTS： （1） Short-term LF-PEF stimulation （5 and 10 minutes） increased TH expression and media DA levels after short-term culture （2 days） （P 〈 0.01）, but both parameters decreased with longer culture （3 4 days） （P 〈 0.01）. Long-term LF-PEF stimulation （15, 20, or 30 minutes） decreased TH and DA synthesis, followed by a rapid increase （P 〈 0.01）. （2） H89 could completely inhibit TH expression in PC12 cells stimulated by LF-PEF for 10 minutes, while the inhibition rate of U0126 was 53.2%. CONCLUSION： Short-term LF-PEF first promotes then inhibits, while long-term LF-PEF first inhibits then promotes, TH and DA synthesis. LF-PEF stimulation regulates TH expression primarily by activating protein kinase A to regulate DA synthesis.
文摘含油微藻的破碎是微藻制油过程中的重要环节。为此,利用清华大学自主研制的高压脉冲电源(THU-PEF4)系统,针对小球藻的光合活性和叶绿素质量浓度这2个生物量,重点考察了高压脉冲电场强度、脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率、电场极性及样品电导率对小球藻处理效果的影响,在此基础上结合双荧光染色法和流式细胞仪研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对微藻细胞的穿孔破碎效果。研究发现高压脉冲电场强度和脉冲注入能量密度是影响高压脉冲电场处理效果的关键因素,而脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率、电场极性对小球藻的处理效果影响不大。当电场强度从2.5 MV/m增加到5.0 MV/m时,20 m S/m电导率下的小球藻细胞破碎率从17.21%增加至83.29%;当脉冲注入能量密度从8.9 k J/L增加到149.52 k J/L时,4.5 MV/m电场强度作用下的小球藻细胞破碎率从9.78%提高到81.78%。
