Pulsed laser ablation in liquid of sp-carbon chains:Status and recent advances

This review provides a discussion of the current state of research on sp-carbon chains synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid.In recent years,pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL)has been widely employed for polyynes synthesis thanks to its flexibility with varying laser parameters,solvents,and targets.This allows the control of sp-carbon chains properties as yield,length,termination and stability.Although many reviews related to PLAL have been published,a comprehensive work reporting the current status and advances related to the synthesis of sp-carbon chains by PLAL is still missing.Here we first review the principle of PLAL and the mechanisms of formation of sp-carbon chains.Then we discuss the role of laser fluence(i.e.energy density),solvent,and target for sp-carbon chains synthesis.Lastly,we report the progress related to the prolonged stability of sp-carbon chains by PLAL encapsulated in polymeric matrices.This review will be a helpful guide for researchers interested in synthesizing sp-carbon chains by PLAL.

Uncovering gold nanoparticle synthesis using a microchip laser system through pulsed laser ablation in aqueous solution

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)was carried out by utilising the pulsed laser ablation in liquids(PLAL)method with a microchip laser(MCL)system.This portable system features low power consumption and a giant-pulse laser.Aqueous solutions with and without the surfactant poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PVP)were used for laser ablation of a bulk gold rod to achieve the successful formation of a colloidal solution of Au NPs.The gas bubbles formed by heating the aqueous medium around the surface of the gold target significantly reduced the efficiency of Au NP ablation.This effect was more pronounced and prolonged in high-viscosity solutions,hindering energy transfer from subsequent laser pulses to the target.Additionally,it was suggested that the chain length of PVP does not affect either the size of the Au NPs or the ablation efficiency.Videography experiments were conducted to explore the ablation mechanism employed by the MCL system.The relatively short pulse duration of the MCL system may contribute to the formation of NPs with consistent size,which were suppressed to grow in significantly smaller cavitation bubbles with short lifetimes.

Sustainable Furfural Biomass Feedstocks Electrooxidation toward Value-Added Furoic Acid with Energy-Saving H_(2) Fuel Production Using Pt-Decorated Co_(3)O_(4) Nanospheres

Here,furfural oxidation was performed to replace the kinetically sluggish O_(2)evolution reaction(OER).Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)nanospheres were developed via pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL)in a single step for the paired electrocatalysis of an H_(2)evolution reaction(HER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR).The FOR afforded a high furfural conversion(44.2%)with a major product of 2-furoic acid after a 2-h electrolysis at 1.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in a 1.0-M KOH/50-mM furfural electrolyte.The Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)electrode exhibited a small overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).As an anode and cathode in an electrolyzer system,the Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)electrocatalyst required only a small applied cell voltage of~1.83 V to deliver 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with that of the pure water electrolyzer(OER||HER,~1.99 V).This study simultaneously realized the integrated production of energy-saving H_(2)fuel at the cathode and 2-furoic acid at the anode.

High-quality liquid phase-pulsed laser ablation graphene synthesis by flexible graphite exfoliation

This work reports a one-pot procedure of laser ablation on a graphite target in a liquid medium, based on the variation of different parameters such as target type, laser wavelength, and ablation medium,to obtain high-quality graphene nanosheets. The morphology of derived products was characterized by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). Then, the morphology and structure of the optimized sample were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared(UV–vis-NIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). By controlling the laser ablation parameters, we were able to prepare micrometer-sized few-layer graphene nanosheets with mainly less than ten layers. Such synthesized graphene nanosheets were grown at the surface of a flexible graphite target, indicating many potential applications in fundamental research, electrochemical and as hydrophobic surfaces.

Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating and its ablation behavior by laser pulse heating(LPH)

Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating in the negative glow space and LPH effect were explored.The whole coating/substrate system is substrate→physically gas-absorbed Fe surface→oxygen-enriched TaOx layer→amorphous Ta→αandβdual phase→singleαphase.After LPH course,micro structure of Ta coating shows intact,only a few cracks emerge after 100 laser pulses,exhibiting thin HAZ but thick Fe/Ta ICZ,without martensitic transformation.For the electrodeposited Cr coating,continuous thermal stresses produce many extra micro-crack,substrate oxidation and martensitic transformation,leading to crack propagations and final bulk delamination,without any ICZ.

Diverse nanomaterials synthesized by laser ablation of pure metals in liquids

Diverse nanomaterials, in the forms of carbides, sulfides, oxides, metals, hydroxides, etc., have been synthesized by laser ablation in liquids(LAL) with metal targets as the dominant educts. Many advantages of LAL technique itself and its products have been revealed since 1983 when the first report about LAL was released. Different from traditional wet-chemical synthesis,one unique feature of LAL is its resultant extreme high-temperature and high-pressure local environment for the nucleation and growth of nanomaterials, despite being performed at room temperature. This extreme condition can induce the atomization and ionization of the target materials and liquid molecules to incur different chemical reactions. The laser, liquid, liquid additive, and target can significantly alter the local environment in a broad range. Thus, different phases and shapes of nanomaterials are producible even from the same target. Through directly comparing the products of LAL of 13 kinds of chosen representative metals synthesized under different conditions, this review presents and discusses current understandings, challenging issues, and perspectives related to the diversity of LAL-products, which is willing to promote a deeper investigation and discussion on a clear clarification of the chemical reactions and particle nucleation/growth processes.

Sonoluminescence as the PeTa Radiation, Part Three

This paper is the third in a series published in this journal during 2017-2018. These three papers present various stages in the development of the PeTa model for phenomena of the same physical nature: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect—a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, for instance, vapour condensation. The third iteration of this model “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL) is presented in this paper. The essence of this model is as follows: with a local decrease of pressure or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of the liquid, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently, a very rapid increase in pressure or a decrease in temperature of the bubble leads to super-saturation of the vapour inside the bubble, followed by its instantaneous condensation with the emission of condensation energy (this is the PeTa effect). A sharp decrease in pressure causes the collapse of the bubble accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. VBL model is conveniently represented on the solid-liquid-vapour phase diagram. A better understanding of the physical nature of the phenomena under consideration could help to find their useful applications. To develop this idea further, we propose a design of a cavity-free pulsed laser on the basis of CL/MBSL/SBSL. An analysis of LIBL in cryogenic liquids is also given in this paper.

Manifolding active sites and in situ/operando electrochemical-Raman spectroscopic studies of single-metal nanoparticle-decorated CuO nanorods in furfural biomass valorization to H_(2) and 2-furoic acid

Here,CuO nanorods fabricated via pulsed laser ablation in liquids were decorated with Ir,Pd,and Ru NPs(loading~7 wt%) through pulsed laser irradiation in the liquids process.The resulting NPs-decorated CuO nanorods were characterized spectroscopically and employed as multifunctional electrocatalysts in OER,HER,and the furfural oxidation reactions(FOR).Ir-CuO nanorods afford the lowest overpotential of~345 mV(HER) and 414 mV(OER) at 10 mA cm^(-2),provide the highest 2-furoic acid yield(~10.85 mM) with 64.9% selectivity,and the best Faradaic efficiency~72.7% in 2 h of FOR at 1.58 V(vs.RHE).In situ electrochemical-Raman analysis of the Ir-CuO detects the formation of the crucial intermediates,such as Cu(Ⅲ)-oxide,Cu(OH)_(2),and Ir_x(OH)_y,on the electrode-electrolyte surface,which act as a promoter for HER and OER.The Ir-CuO ‖ Ir-CuO in a coupled HER and FOR-electrolyzer operates at~200 mV lower voltage,compared with the conventional electrolyzer and embodies the dual advantage of energy-saving H_(2) and 2-furoic acid production.

脉冲激光诱导液-固界面反应制备立方相C_3N_4纳米晶

β－Ｃ３Ｎ４是由Ｌｉｕ和Ｃｏｈｅｎ等［１～３］从第一性原理出发计算而预言的一种新型超硬材料，据Ｌｉｕ等提出的经验公式计算认为，β－Ｃ３Ｎ４的硬度为４２７ＧＰａ，具有接近金刚石的体模量（理论值为４３５ＧＰａ，实验值为４４３ＧＰａ）．Ｌｉｕ采用可变晶格模...

工业废水处理新技术与新方法的研究进展

概述了目前国内外工业有机废水治理现状、研究进展及其发展趋势 ,分析了高级氧化技术和生物处理技术的原理及特点 ,重点论述了液相高压脉冲放电技术、激光诱变育种技术及高级氧化 -生化耦合技术的特点、现状及应用前景 ,指出今后应从实验、理论和数值模拟三方面开展高级氧化 -生化耦合化工过程的集成优化技术研究。

脉冲激光作用下表面液膜相变行为的实验观测

本文采用显微放大摄影及快速瞬态温度检测系统，对高能脉冲激光作用下金属表面液膜的相变行为进行了观测、拍照及瞬态温度测量，初步揭示了一些新的物理现象，并研究了激光功率密度、脉冲宽度、工质种类等对表面液膜相变行为的影响．

序列尖峰脉冲激光对铝板熔融热-力效应研究

本文用金相显微和扫描电镜诊断技术,对序列尖峰脉冲准连续激光束照射LY12CZ和LF6M铝合金板材,产生激光热熔融与激光热应力效应,使照射区板材引生激光烧蚀熔池和许多断裂裂纹,造成材料断裂破坏的机理,进行了研究。给出了激光热应力、裂纹扩展应力与照射激光强度的变化关系和研究结果。

激光烧蚀技术制备液相金属纳米粒子的研究进展

金属纳米粒子以其尺寸相关的独特的光电子、化学特性在许多领域都有极其重要的应用价值。因而 ,制备尺寸可控的金属纳米粒子具有重大的研究意义。溶液中制备金属纳米粒子或团簇 ,有可能控制纳米粒子的形态和尺寸分布 ,从而获得具有一定大小和结构的功能分子。本文首先介绍了几种制备液相金属纳米粒子的化学方法。然后详细阐述了激光烧蚀制备液相金属纳米粒子的特点、动力学形成机制和国外最新发展状况。另外 。

量子控制论在化学中的应用

控制量子现象是化学研究中的一个重要目标,量子控制论对实现该目标具有积极的指导意义。本文综述了量子控制论在化学中的应用及其进展,重点分析了量子相干控制、量子优化控制、闭环学习控制和能控性观念在化学研究中的应用,介绍了它们的研究现状,并对其未来研究进行了展望。

脉冲激光液相烧蚀贵金属Au/Ag产物的表征及反应机理研究

采用多波长(1064nm、532nm、248nm)脉冲激光在去离子水中对贵金属Au、Ag片表面进行激光烧蚀(PLA)。利用TEM、AFM、SEM对烧蚀金属片表层及产物(微/纳米尺度的金属颗粒)进行观察分析,认为在液相水环境中,整个烧蚀过程主要可分为激光诱导相沸腾爆炸和等离子体羽辉混合体膨胀2个过程。在这2个过程中分别产生得到具有微米尺度的球状金属颗粒和纳米尺度的金属颗粒。同时,具有纳米尺度金属Au/Ag颗粒经过强激光光子"二次"修饰改性过程,形成具有形状统一、分散性和稳定性较好的金属纳米胶体体系,这些胶体中金属纳米颗粒作为探针,在表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱学方面有很好的应用价值。

在Sr^(2+)：α-BBO单晶衬底上生长β-BBO薄膜的研究

采用液相外延法、脉冲激光沉积法以及气相传输平衡法在Sr^(2+)∶α-BBO(001)衬底上生长了质量优异的β-BBO薄膜,对薄膜进行了X射线衍射测试以及双晶摇摆曲线分析,结果表明,采用Sr^(2+)∶α-BBO单晶作为衬底制备的β-BBO薄膜具有高的择优取向度和低的半峰宽值．同目前制备β-BBO薄膜所采用的其他衬底材料相比,Sr^(2+)∶α-BBO和β-BBO之间具有结构相似、透光范围匹配以及化学稳定性匹配的优点,表明Sr^(2+)∶α-BBO单晶将是生长β-BBO薄膜的优异衬底材料．

液相脉冲激光烧蚀法制备高熔点的纳米金属粒子

采用液相脉冲激光烧蚀法成功地制备了高熔点的金属Pt、Ru与Ag纳米粒子.采用SEM、TEM、ED和紫外-可见吸收光谱表征了纳米粒子的特征.纳米粒子的粒径基本在数个到数十个纳米的大小范围内.发现含适量PVP(poly(vinylpyrrolidone))的水溶液有利于纳米粒子的制备,而且还能够提高纳米粒子悬浮液的稳定性.该制备方法较简单,在制备高熔点的纳米金属粒子方面有着其它方法所不能比拟的优势.

Mg_xZn_(1-x)O纳米材料的研究进展

近年来,镁掺杂氧化锌半导体纳米材料在透明电子元件、气体传感、光催化等领域有着广泛的应用。主要总结概括了MgxZn1–xO纳米材料的制备方法,并探究了其制备过程中可能存在的问题和解决方法。最后展望了MgxZn1–xO纳米材料在紫外光电探测方面的应用前景。

RIG型磁光薄膜的研究进展及应用

随着光通信技术与光子集成电路的发展,非互易性器件作为光通信系统中重要的组成部分得到了越来越广泛的研究与应用。基于磁光效应制成的磁光隔离器和环行器是目前应用最为广泛的非互易性器件,为了将非互易性器件整块集成在硅片上,需制备性能与块状磁光材料相当的磁光薄膜。在近红外通信波段(1550 nm),以钇铁石榴石(Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12),YIG)为代表的稀土铁石榴石(RIG)具备优良的磁光效应,是最具应用前景的磁光材料之一。研究发现,使用稀土离子对YIG薄膜进行掺杂可以有效改善其磁光性能,尤其是Bi ^(3+)和Ce ^(3+)掺杂的YIG表现出巨法拉第效应。本文首先介绍了法拉第效应原理,介绍了三种常见磁光薄膜的生长方法,回顾了近年来的主要研究成果,介绍了磁光薄膜在光隔离器和环行器中的应用,最后对磁光薄膜的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

液相脉冲激光轰击石墨制备碳纳米材料研究进展

碳纳米材料具有特殊的力学、电学及物化性能,在微电子、航空航天、军用材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景,利用脉冲激光高效、可控制备新型碳纳米材料已成为研究热点。简要介绍了激光与碳材料的相互作用及纳米粒子的成形机理,详细阐述了液相脉冲激光制备纳米金刚石、碳纳米管、石墨烯等碳纳米材料的过程及其影响因素,并展望了激光轰击石墨制备碳纳米材料的主要研究方向。