The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of dige...The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.展开更多
BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using ...BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using the methods of AC impedance spectroscopy, gas concentration cell and electrochemical pumping of hydrogen, the conductivity and ionic transport number of BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α were measured, and the electrical conduction behavior of the material was investigated in different gases in the temperature range of 500-900℃. The results indicate that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. From 500℃ to 900 ℃, electronic-hole conduction was dominant in dry and wet oxygen, air or nitrogen, and the total conductivity of the material increased slightly with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen partial pressure range studied. Ionic conduction was dominant in wet hydrogen, and the total conductivity was about one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in hydrogen-free atmosphere （oxygen, air or nitrogen）展开更多
Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is becoming increasingly popular world - wide. But it is not always feasible. Current cardioplegic techniques do not consistently avoid myocardial ischemic da...Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is becoming increasingly popular world - wide. But it is not always feasible. Current cardioplegic techniques do not consistently avoid myocardial ischemic damage. So we use on pump beating heart technique to supplement off-pump CABG. Methods Based on 860 off-pump CABG cases between Aug 1998 to Aug 2000. From Aug 1999 to Aug 2000, 46 CABG cases were performed with on pump beating heart technique at Mani-pal Hospital Heart Foundation, Bangalore, India. All surgeries were performed through a median sternotomy. Exposure techniques were tailored to individual vessels and cardiac regions and local immobilization was performed with octopus. Vascular control was achieved with occluders and shunts. Total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established before or during CABG and normolthemia was used. Results Among 46 on -pump beating heart CABG patients, 26 patients used CPB before or during OP - CABG because of unstable hemodynamics and electric instability , 7 had very deep intramyocardial left anterior descending arteries, 5 patients had poor LV function (LVEF < 30 % ), 8 patients had cardiomegaly. The average number of grafts was 3.5. No operative mortality. Three patients had postoperative myocardial infarction. Anesthetic time 4. 5±1. 2 hours, extubation time 10±2. 5 hours, blood lost 680±230 mL, blood requirement 540±150 mL, preoperative LVEF 50. 3±13 % , postoperative LVEF 64. 1±14 %, ICU stay 1. 5±0. 5 days, hospi- tal stay 9.2±1.8 days. Conclusion Complete coronary revascularization with on pump beating heart is a supplement for off - pump CABG when it is not feasible. It eliminates intraoperative globe myocardial ischemia and avoids transient myocardial injury during cardioplegic arrest and myocardial reperfusion.展开更多
One of the most important questions in the science of global change is how to balance the atmospheric CO2 budget. There is a large terrestrial missing carbon sink amounting to about one billion tonnes of carbon per an...One of the most important questions in the science of global change is how to balance the atmospheric CO2 budget. There is a large terrestrial missing carbon sink amounting to about one billion tonnes of carbon per annum. The locations, magnitudes, variations, and mechanisms responsible for this terrestrial missing carbon sink are uncertain and the focus of much continuing debate. Although the positive feedback between global change and silicate chemical weathering is used in geochemical models of atmospheric CO2, this feedback is believed to operate over a long timescale and is therefore generally left out of the current discussion of human impact upon the carbon budget. Here, we show, by synthesizing recent findings in rock weathering research and studies into biological carbon pump effects in surface aquatic ecosystems, that the carbon sink produced by carbonate weathering based on the H2O- carbonate-CO2-aquatic phototroph interaction on land not only totals half a billion tonnes per annum, but also displays a significant increasing trend under the influence of global warming and land use change; thus, it needs to be included in the global carbon budget.展开更多
文摘The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20771079） and the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Jiangsu Province （No.07KJB150126）.
文摘BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using the methods of AC impedance spectroscopy, gas concentration cell and electrochemical pumping of hydrogen, the conductivity and ionic transport number of BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α were measured, and the electrical conduction behavior of the material was investigated in different gases in the temperature range of 500-900℃. The results indicate that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. From 500℃ to 900 ℃, electronic-hole conduction was dominant in dry and wet oxygen, air or nitrogen, and the total conductivity of the material increased slightly with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen partial pressure range studied. Ionic conduction was dominant in wet hydrogen, and the total conductivity was about one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in hydrogen-free atmosphere （oxygen, air or nitrogen）
文摘Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is becoming increasingly popular world - wide. But it is not always feasible. Current cardioplegic techniques do not consistently avoid myocardial ischemic damage. So we use on pump beating heart technique to supplement off-pump CABG. Methods Based on 860 off-pump CABG cases between Aug 1998 to Aug 2000. From Aug 1999 to Aug 2000, 46 CABG cases were performed with on pump beating heart technique at Mani-pal Hospital Heart Foundation, Bangalore, India. All surgeries were performed through a median sternotomy. Exposure techniques were tailored to individual vessels and cardiac regions and local immobilization was performed with octopus. Vascular control was achieved with occluders and shunts. Total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established before or during CABG and normolthemia was used. Results Among 46 on -pump beating heart CABG patients, 26 patients used CPB before or during OP - CABG because of unstable hemodynamics and electric instability , 7 had very deep intramyocardial left anterior descending arteries, 5 patients had poor LV function (LVEF < 30 % ), 8 patients had cardiomegaly. The average number of grafts was 3.5. No operative mortality. Three patients had postoperative myocardial infarction. Anesthetic time 4. 5±1. 2 hours, extubation time 10±2. 5 hours, blood lost 680±230 mL, blood requirement 540±150 mL, preoperative LVEF 50. 3±13 % , postoperative LVEF 64. 1±14 %, ICU stay 1. 5±0. 5 days, hospi- tal stay 9.2±1.8 days. Conclusion Complete coronary revascularization with on pump beating heart is a supplement for off - pump CABG when it is not feasible. It eliminates intraoperative globe myocardial ischemia and avoids transient myocardial injury during cardioplegic arrest and myocardial reperfusion.
基金supported by the National BasicResearch Program of China(2013CB956703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41430753 and 41172232)
文摘One of the most important questions in the science of global change is how to balance the atmospheric CO2 budget. There is a large terrestrial missing carbon sink amounting to about one billion tonnes of carbon per annum. The locations, magnitudes, variations, and mechanisms responsible for this terrestrial missing carbon sink are uncertain and the focus of much continuing debate. Although the positive feedback between global change and silicate chemical weathering is used in geochemical models of atmospheric CO2, this feedback is believed to operate over a long timescale and is therefore generally left out of the current discussion of human impact upon the carbon budget. Here, we show, by synthesizing recent findings in rock weathering research and studies into biological carbon pump effects in surface aquatic ecosystems, that the carbon sink produced by carbonate weathering based on the H2O- carbonate-CO2-aquatic phototroph interaction on land not only totals half a billion tonnes per annum, but also displays a significant increasing trend under the influence of global warming and land use change; thus, it needs to be included in the global carbon budget.
