Pressure fluctuation propagation of a pump turbine at pump mode under low head condition

Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is one of the most important problems for the stable operation of a pump turbine.The fluctuation appears in any operating condition.Much research has been done on the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic machinery.However,the details of pressure fluctuation propagation of the pump turbine at the pump mode have not been revealed.The modern pump turbine with high water head requires the runner to be"flat",which would induce pressure fluctuation more easily than the low head pump turbine.In this article,a high head pump turbine model is used as the research object.As the pressure fluctuation at off-design point is more serious than at the design point,the low head condition is chosen as the research condition.Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is predicted by the computational fluid dynamics method based on k-?shear stress transport model.The experiment conducted on the test rig of the Harbin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery is used to verify the simulation method.It proves that the numerical method is a feasible way to research the fluctuation under this operating condition.The pressure fluctuation along the passage direction is analyzed at time and frequency domains.It is affected mainly by the interaction between the runner and vanes.In the circumferential direction,the influence of the special stay vane on the pressure fluctuation is got.The amplitude in the high-pressure side passage of that vane is lower than that in the other side.The study provides a basic understanding of the pressure fluctuation of a pump turbine and could be used as a reference to improve the operation stability of it.

Self-Mixing Interference Effects in LD Pumped Multi-Mode Solid-State Laser

Based on the effective structure of the self-mixing interference effects,a general model for the self-mixing interference effects in the LD pumped solid-state laser has been established for the first time.The numerical simulation of the self-mixing interference signal has been done,the results show that when the external cavity length is integral times of 1/2,1/3,2/3,1/4,3/4 of the effective cavity length,the intensity of the self-mixing interference signals reach maximum in value.While that of single mode laser is integral times of half of the effective cavity length,the measuring precision of displacement of single mode laser is λ/2.A conclusion can be drawn from the above results that the measuring precision of displacement of multi-mode laser is higher than that of single mode laser.

Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond Yb:YAG ceramic laser

We experimentally demonstrated a diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser based on an Yb:YAG ceramic. Stable laser pulses with 97-fs duration, 2.8-nJ pulse energy, and 320-mW average power were obtained. The femtosecond oscillator operated at a central wavelength of 1049 nm and a repetition rate of 115 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a Kerr-lens mode-locked operation in a diode-pumped Yb:YAG ceramic laser with sub-100 fs pulse duration.

Effects of Driving Mode on the Performance of Multiple-Chamber Piezoelectric Pumps with Multiple Actuators

Due to the limited output capability of piezoelectric diaphragm pumps, the driving voltage is frequently increased to obtain the desired output. However, the excessive voltage application may lead to a large deformation in the piezoelectric ceramics, which could cause it to breakdown or become damaged. Therefore, increasing the number of chambers to obtain the desired output is proposed. Using a check-valve quintuple-chamber pump with quintuple piezoelectric actuators, the characteristics of the pump under different driving modes are investigated through experiments. By changing the number and connection mode of working actuators, pump performances in terms of flow rate and backpressure are tested at a voltage of 150 V with a frequency range of 60 Hz ?400 Hz. Experiment results indicate that the properties of the multiple-chamber pump change significantly with distinct working chambers even though the number of pumping chambers is the same. Pump performance declines as the distance between the working actuators increases. Moreover, pump performance declines dramatically when the working piezoelectric actuator closest to the outlet is involved. The maximum backpressures of the pump with triple, quadruple, and quintuple actuators are increased by 39%, 83%, and 128%, respectively, compared with the pump with double working actuators; the corresponding maximum flow rates of the pumps are simply increased by 25.9%, 49.2%, and 67.8%, respectively. The proposed research offers practical guidance for the effective utilization of the multiple-chamber pumps under different driving modes.

Diode-pumped self-starting mode-locked femtosecond Yb:YCa_4O(BO_3)_3 laser

A self-starting mode-locked femtosecond laser is accomplished with an oxoborate self-frequency doubling crystal Yb:YCa4O(BO3)3(Yb:YCOB) as the gain medium and a semiconductor mirror as the saturable absorber. Pumped by a976-nm fiber-coupled diode laser with 50-μm core diameter, stable mode-locked laser pulses up to 430 mW were obtained at a repetition rate of 83.61 MHz under 5-W pump power. The autocorrelation measurement shows that the pulse duration is as short as 150 fs by assuming the sech2pulse shape at a central wavelength of 1048 nm. This work has demonstrated a compact and reliable femtosecond laser source for prospective low-cost applications.

Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.

Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser with broad wavelength tunability

We report a direct blue-diode-pumped wavelength tunable Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser.Central wavelength tunability as broad as 89 nm(736-825 nm) is achieved by adjusting the insertion of the prism.Pulses as short as 17 fs are generated at a central wavelength of 736 nm with an average output power of 31 mW.The maximum output power is 46.8 mW at a central wavelength of 797 nm with a pulse duration of 46 fs.

基于集合经验模态分解和指数能量法的水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动信号特征提取

提取水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动信号中的动态特征信息,准确识别涡带强度,是近年来水泵水轮机工程领域的研究重点。本文基于集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)和模态指数能量法,对某水泵水轮机发电工况不同负荷下的尾水管压力脉动信号进行特征提取,得到如下结论。首先,基于EEMD的模态指数能量能够有效地反映信号中的能量分布规律。其次,在涡带增强过程中,基于EEMD的最大模态指数能量不断升高,表明尾水管内的流动状况变得更加复杂,涡带特征信息也更加丰富。最后,使用最大与平均指数能量构建的特征向量能够准确反映不同的尾水管涡带强度,并且能够作为智能分类器的输入特征向量,有利于后续进一步的识别与诊断,具有重要的工程意义。

双泵分腔调控电液负载模拟系统复合滑模控制

针对阀控电液负载模拟系统中存在的能耗高、非线性摩擦和舵机运动干扰等问题,提出双泵控制电液负载模拟系统的方案,并且采用滑模控制以保证系统的鲁棒性。建立双泵分腔调控电液负载模拟系统的数学模型;在此基础上,针对单泵控系统动态特性差的问题,设计力-总压力复合控制策略,使其具有和阀控系统相似的动态特性;对于传统的滑模控制造成系统抖振而引起系统的跟踪效果不好的问题,提出一种基于模糊趋近律的等效滑模控制器,并对其稳定性进行了理论分析。最后,经过联合仿真,验证了所设计的控制策略和控制器具有可行性和有效性。结果表明:所提出的复合滑模控制电液负载模拟系统具有良好的跟踪效果,且能够显著地降低系统能耗。

抽水蓄能电站容量价格研究

抽水蓄能电站具有削峰填谷、调频、调相等功能,是构建新型电力系统背景下,推动新能源稳步发展和保障电网安全稳定运行的有力支撑。本文系统梳理了我国抽水蓄能电站的价格机制、运营模式及成本回收途径,并基于全国在运及2025年底前拟投运的48座抽水蓄能电站,分析了全国抽水蓄能电站容量价格的主要特点、影响因素及对电价水平的影响。研究结果表明:抽水蓄能电站的建设时间、地理区域、投资主体、设计核准角度等因素通过影响抽水蓄能电站单位千瓦投资,从而影响其容量价格;发展抽水蓄能对区域用户电价的影响程度与区域的用电水平和抽水蓄能电站的装机规模、容量价格均有较大关系。

基于声音信号的离心泵轴承故障预警研究

为了对离心泵运行状态进行监测,通过采集离心泵运转声音信号,对离心泵声音信号进行时域分析、频域分析,提取时频域轴承故障预警特征。利用变分模态分解方法,筛选合适的本征模态函数进行包络调解,通过包络谱图分析离心泵轴承故障特征信息,提取离心泵轴承故障预警特征。针对离心泵轴承故障预警,从中提取正常运行和轴承故障运行特征参数,建立预警特征,进而实现对离心泵维护和保养的预警,提高离心泵使用寿命,避免离心泵轴承故障。研究结果对离心泵轴承故障预警具有指导意义。

居民小区高品质饮用水入户建设与改造策略探讨

为增强人民群众获得感、幸福感与安全感,供水行业应立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展,全面提升城市供水安全保障能力,实现饮用水的高品质供给。在水源、水厂、管网等环节提升改造的同时,二次供水“最后一公里”环节成为目前高品质饮用水建设的重点与焦点。目前老旧小区实现高品质饮用水入户的工程建设与改造还缺少相关成熟经验,也没有统一的实施路径。文章以问题为导向,结合调查分析与试验研究,分析了现状住宅小区二次供水设施存在的主要问题,提出了供水模式优化、涉水材质选择、标准泵房建设、系统水龄控制、智能监控管理等二次供水入户工程改造实施策略与技术要求,供相关工程建设参考。

泵阀复合式电液负载模拟器流量压力协调控制

针对地面半实物负载模拟实验存在的被测试舵机运动干扰问题,提出流量压力协调控制电液负载模拟方法,并基于泵阀复合电液负载模拟器的加载给出方案。围绕泵阀复合电液负载模拟器建立系统数学模型;基于对泵阀职能分工的思想,利用反步滑模控制器设计方法,分别为泵控闭式子系统和阀控子系统设计速度伺服和力伺服控制器。通过联合仿真,验证所提出的技术方案和控制策略的可行性及有效性。结果表明:所提流量压力协调控制电液负载模拟方法具有优良的加载性能,且对降低系统功耗有显著效果。

7.6-W diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:KGW laser

We have demonstrated a high power diode-pumped mode-locked femtosecond Yb:KGW laser with semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM). By using an output coupler with 10% transmittance, the laser delivered 160-fs pulses with average output power of 7.6 W at a repetition rate of 78 MHz, corresponding to pulse energy of 97 nJ and peak power of 606 kW.

长短叶片转轮动静干涉引起的水力激振模态数值分析

本文以5个长叶片和5个短叶片转轮(活动导叶数为16)为例,通过数值计算,分析了长短叶片转轮的动静干涉引起的水力激振模态问题。结果表明,长短叶片转轮动静干涉引起的水力激振模态比较复杂。在无叶区,水力激振模态“节径”数为相应倍频数,如5倍转频对应5“节径”等;在双叶栅区,激振力模态既有长(短)叶片数的特征(如15倍转频的模态的节径数为1),又有叶片总数的特征(如20倍转频的节径数为4,且模态旋转方向与转轮旋转方向相同)。本文的研究为长短叶片转轮的水泵水轮机的结构避振提供了新的方向。

一种基于优化VMD-CWT-CNN的柱塞泵配流盘磨损状态识别方法

为解决一维振动信号难以充分挖掘表达状态特征信息以及柱塞泵配流盘磨损早期识别问题,基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural networks,CNN)优秀的图像处理能力,提出了一个优化VMD-CWT-CNN模型。首先,采用连续小波变换(Continuous wavelet transform,CWT)对信号进行预处理,得到信号的二维时频图,作为CNN模型的一路输入,将状态识别问题转化为CNN图像识别问题。其次,基于相关系数对变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)参数优化后,利用优化VMD对振动信号进行预处理,再以相关系数和峭度值最大为优选原则,甄选出三组蕴含故障特征的本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),将其重组为三通道一维信号,作为CNN模型的另一路输入。最后,在CNN模型中将两路信息汇聚并得到柱塞泵配流盘磨损状态识别分类结果。实验中,此方法分别采用优化VMD和CWT对振动信号预处理,再结合CNN对磨损状态进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法对于配流盘磨损的三种状态的识别效果显著优于单路输入的CNN模型以及典型的深度学习方法和机器学习分类器。因此,优化的VMD-CWT-CNN方法可以更准确地实现柱塞泵配流盘磨损状态识别。

基于改进变分模态分解的抽油井偏磨程度诊断

目前抽油井工况分析方法与实时智能诊断技术不完善,无法及时发现、处理偏磨问题,导致抽油杆、泵等关键部件存在严重的损坏风险。为此,提出一种基于改进变分模态分解(IVMD)的抽油井偏磨程度诊断方法,其核心思想在于,扭矩和轴向力的变化会导致抽油井的偏磨程度发生改变,从而影响电参数信号的频率和幅值。首先通过改进人工鱼群算法优化变分模态分解(VMD)的分解层数与惩罚因子,然后将油井电参数信号分解成多个局部振动模态,并对生成的各局部振动模态进行特征分析,最后采用RGB图实现对抽油井偏磨程度诊断。研究结果表明,该方法可有效判断偏磨程度。