EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TIME EFFECT OF WET DRILLING PILE

Time effect of wet drilling pile is investigated through the static load experiment on pile No. 22 of Guanhe Bridge. Post-grouting under pile tip is adopted in the project. To study the bearing performance of the pile, the self-balanced method is used and two load cells are assembled in the pile body. The experiments are carried out before and after post-grouting. The upper part of the pile is not influenced by post-grouting under the pile tip. Experimental results of the upper part of the pile show that the bearing capacity and the rigidity of wet drilling pile increase with time passing on. Analysis results show the time effect of wet drilling pile is influenced by many factors, such as alteration of stress field around pile, characteristics of soil around pile, variety of mud cake, and property of residue under pile tip.

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades, numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers, great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas. However, drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high. In order to drill large-diameter rocksocketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost, the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-clasa award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991. Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough pro- jects on land, and wonderful results were acquired. At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously. The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.

Pore Water Pressure Arising during Pile Drilling in Sand

The pile working load depends on the imperfections which may be taken place in pile-soil system, during pile construction, among many other factors. This subject attracted the researcher＇s attention world wide in the last decades. Types of imperfections either geotechnical or structural are documented in literature and well explained. Nevertheless, the influence of these imperfections in pile load calculations is still ambiguous. The work presented herein is devoted to study soil disturbance during construction of piles using continuous flight auger, CFA. The study of soil disturbance due to drilling needs some evidence. The source of this evidence is field observations collected from four different construction sites, which are documented in this paper. The study concluded that the disturbed zone of soil by CFA has a conical shape and extending laterally to a distance equivalent to ten times of the pile diameter around the auger at the cutting bits and has an inclined surface of4：1 （vertical ： horizontal）. Furthermore excess pore water pressure was induced in soil in the vicinity of pile drilling. Due to this excess pore water pressure, 3.5% to 6.5% of piles constructed by CFA showed percolation of water from the top of the piles through fresh concrete. Also, subsidence of fresh concrete in pile hole was recorded in few of the constructed piles. Pile loading tests showed that the percolation of water and/or subsidence of fresh concrete have not appreciable influence on the load-displacement characteristics of the piles. Moreover, percolation of water at pile heads.

Research on Horizontal Vibration of Heavy-Weight Drill Pipes in Directional Drilling

The mode of load and deformation of directional drilling string and the expression of trigonometric series of deflection equation are established by means of elastic deformation energy and of the vertical and horizontal bending. A calculation formula for natural frequency of horizontal resonance and rotational speed is derived based on the calculation method by Ritz, with which analysis is made for the cause and affecting factors of the excessive abrasion of heavy-weight drill pipe in high-angle holes so as to provide reference and basis for rational selection of drilling parameters and drilling tools in the future high-angle directional drilling.

On measures to improveeffectiveness of pump suc-tionreverse circulation drillin,

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Experimental study on load bearing behavior of large-scaled caps with pile groups

The objective of this investigation was to study the behavior of deep pile caps and the ultimate load-carrying capacity. Four 1/10 scaled models of nine-pile caps were cast and tested on vertical loads to failure. The destruction shapes of pile caps,the correlation between load and displacement,and the internal stresses were analyzed systematically. The results demonstrated that the failures of all the four models are resulted from punching shear; the internal flow of the forces in nine-pile caps can be approximated by "strut-and-tie" model. Furthermore,the failure loads of these specimens were predicted by some of the present design methods and the calculated results were compared with the experimental loads. The comparative results also indicated that the "strut-and-tie" model is a more reasonable design method for deep pile caps design.

Analysis on Pore-Forming Pouring Pile Construction Technology of House Building Project

Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.

钻孔灌注桩在基坑维护施工中的质量控制措施

结合实际案例,按照钻孔灌注桩施工工艺流程顺序,从钻孔前、钻孔中、成孔、钢筋笼吊装及混凝土浇筑等环节,对钻孔灌注桩在深基坑维护施工中的质量控制措施进行简要分析,如钻孔前应建立合理的质量控制流程等;钻孔过程中要做好护筒埋设、设备就位与安装、成孔等环节的质量控制;钢筋笼吊装要做好钢筋笼起吊点计算等工作;混凝土浇筑应避免堵孔、断桩等质量缺陷。

圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡性能与参数分析

为规避当前施工方法的不足,发展安全、高效和可靠的施工方法。依托东北地区某高速铁路路堑边坡工程,采用适于机械钻孔的圆形抗滑桩代替现行矩形抗滑桩,预制拱形挡土板,本文提出一种新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系;并构建有限元模型,分析桩长、桩径、桩间距以及拱形挡土板矢跨比对新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系支护性能的影响;揭示不同参数下桩顶水平位移与桩身内力的变化规律。研究结果表明:桩长与桩身弯矩和剪力大小呈正相关关系,与桩顶水平位移呈负相关关系。桩长超过14 m时,其对桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力的影响效应明显减弱;随着桩间距增大,桩顶水平位移增大但变化幅度逐渐减小。拱形挡土板矢跨比增大时,桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力均减小。影响拱形板-桩墙体系支挡性能的因素依次为桩间距、桩长、桩径和矢跨比。研究结果为圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡体系在实际工程中的应用提供新思路。

深水钻井井口吸力桩稳定性计算和校核方法

深水松软土质下,传统喷射法安装的表层导管在钻井阶段存在下沉和倾斜的风险。为了提升深水钻井水下井口的稳定性,提出了井口吸力桩表层建井的方法,开展了吸力桩下入深度和稳定性分析。基于桩基承载理论和广义Winkler地基梁模型,建立了井口吸力桩稳定性理论模型,并通过有限元方法和有限差分法研究了井口吸力桩稳定性特征及影响因素。以南中国海某井工程参数为依据,对井口吸力桩稳定性开展理论计算,与有限元计算结果进行对比,竖向极限承载力误差为4.23%,最大水平位移误差为6.0%,最大弯矩误差为2.96%,印证了计算结果的准确性。在钻井工况极限载荷作用下,相比于传统表层导管,井口吸力桩竖向承载力提升了43.91%,水平位移减少了63.21%,抗弯安全系数是前者的24.5倍。分别对井口吸力桩施加不同水平位移和弯矩,结果表明水平载荷对横向稳定性影响较为显著。井口吸力桩具有很高的竖向承载力和横向承载力,显著提高了水下井口的稳定性,研究结果为其在深水松软土质中表层建井提供了理论依据。

多维度深水浅层建井方式优选方法研究

深水钻井作业具有海洋环境多变、地质条件复杂、作业风险大和日费率高等特点,深水浅层建井的方式难以选择。针对海底土质强度、建井质量、作业时效、经济性、风险控制等因素,根据现场作业工程数据,分别对不同建井工艺的适应性进行了分析,建立了单维度的适应性分级机制,并借助雷达图进行定量可视化,形成了多维度深水浅层建井方式优选方法。研究结果表明,水深500~1500 m的南海北部海域,单井作业时,喷射法一般为浅层建井最优方法,作业效率相比钻入法可提高50%以上。该方法已在中国南海几十口深水井取得良好应用效果,可为深水复杂地层建井方式选择提供定量评价方法。

硬质岩滑坡深大抗滑桩一体化旋挖成孔技术及应用

硬质岩深大抗滑桩桩孔成孔效率是滑坡灾害防治的难点问题之一。选取川西南典型复杂山区硬质岩滑坡抗滑桩成孔为研究对象,系统分析了裂隙弱发育深部硬质玄武岩地层抗滑桩传统工艺成孔存在的问题,对此设计了9种组合旋挖成孔工艺方案进行现场试桩试验,从钻进效率、技术及经济可行性等方面进行了分析论证。现场试验及分析结果表明:采用“大扭矩截齿筒钻旋挖+扩孔直径差0.4 m”分级扩孔一体化成孔技术在硬质岩地层中钻进效率较高、钻具损耗较低、成本较低,验证了硬质岩抗滑桩高效旋挖分级扩孔技术的可行性和高效性,对比现有人工成孔、冲击钻成孔、旋挖一次成孔等工艺,从安全、效率、成本等方面均得到了极大提升。该技术成功应用于白鹤滩迁建集镇后缘滑坡桩基施工,每延米综合耗时1.43 h,较改进前旋挖一次成孔效率提升3倍,成本降低了60%。该技术为复杂地质条件下水敏型、震敏型硬质岩滑坡抗滑桩快速成孔施工提供了高效、可行的技术方案。

CFG桩在高铁软土路基建设中的应用

CFG桩是一种针对软土路基施工建设的有效施工工艺,对软土路基处置具有良好效果。该文以某高铁工程为例,对CFG桩加固软土层的基本原理进行叙述,从长螺旋钻孔施工工艺、桩帽施工等关键环节对CFG桩施工工艺流程进行探讨,并针对性地提出CFG桩施工的关键要点和注意事项。该文旨在为类似工程施工的优化设计提供参考。

冲孔桩成孔碎渣岩性和级配对砂浆物理力学性能影响研究

以冲孔桩成孔碎渣取代天然砂制备砂浆,考察成孔碎渣岩性、级配对不同等级砂浆工作性能和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:碎渣岩性和级配对M30砂浆流动性和抗压、劈拉强度的影响不大,但对M50和M60砂浆的影响较大,且砂浆强度等级越高,影响越大;当采用成孔碎渣100%取代天然砂配制M50以下等级的砂浆时,砂浆的抗压和劈拉强度降低不显著(基本在10%以内),但配制M60等级砂浆时,砂浆抗压和劈拉强度会出现明显弱化;碎渣级配从三区变化到一区时,碎渣再生砂浆的流动性变好,抗压强度整体呈现增加趋势,碎渣级配曲线在二区中部至一区范围内对流动性和强度均有利。

五虎山煤矿水力造穴增透物理模拟及钻孔优化设计

针对五虎山煤矿煤层透气性差、瓦斯吸附性强导致钻孔抽采效果差、抽采率低的问题,采用物理模拟和现场试验的方法,数值模拟水力造穴前后钻孔参数的变化特征,进而优化出适合该矿的瓦斯抽采钻孔布置方式。结果表明:五虎山煤矿011006工作面在符合矿上生产接续的情况下,水力造穴的最优钻孔造穴直径为0.5 m,合理布设间距为4 m;采用水力造穴工艺时瓦斯抽采体积分数平均为70.4%,达普通钻孔平均体积分数的3.8倍,抽采纯量是普通钻孔的3.5倍;采用水力造穴优化参数与普通钻孔间隔布置方式,可有效激活间隔的普通钻孔;通过对比钻孔施工卸压增透效果、瓦斯抽采效率、煤体扰动面积、体积及钻孔成孔率等评价指标,在相同面积模块下,采用间隔布设钻孔的模块2瓦斯抽采纯量达到模块1的1.8倍。

湿陷性黄土地区百米超长桩施工关键技术研究

依托陕西省铜川市玉皇阁二号桥及引线工程百米超长桩项目,比选了各类成孔方法和钻机,选定旋挖成孔法施工工艺和徐工XR800E旋挖钻机,完成该百米超长桩施工。介绍了百米超长桩的关键技术要点和质量控制措施,并从钻孔前的预处理、钻孔过程中的综合处理、钢筋笼施工控制措施等方面保证该超长桩施工的可靠性。通过试桩试验,确定了百米超长桩在湿陷性黄土场地的承载力和沉降特性。施工过程中,严格把控土层钻进参数、泥浆循环系统、沉渣厚度、钢筋笼安全稳定性验算、水下混凝土灌注等关键环节,为类似湿陷性黄土地区百米超长桩施工提供解决方案。

岩土成层地基钻孔刚架抗滑桩计算的有限差分法

传统悬臂或锚拉式抗滑桩采用人工挖孔施工,施工效率低、工期长且安全风险问题尤为突出,目前正被严格限制使用并逐步淘汰,因此,在边坡治理工程中使用机械钻孔成桩替代人工挖孔工艺是未来的发展趋势。钻孔刚架式抗滑桩侧向刚度大、施工效率高、结构空间受力更加合理,更加符合城市轨道交通建设“小空间解决大高差”的理念。首先,考虑抗滑桩普遍存在于岩土成层地基的实际情况,以水平弹簧模拟前、后排桩与桩间土的荷载相互作用,根据Euler-Bernoulli梁理论及刚架桩受荷特点,以桩周线性土弹簧刚度反映不同地层的水平抗力差异,建立刚架桩挠曲平衡微分方程;然后,基于有限差分法结合桩顶、桩端共8个边界条件,编制Python有限差分迭代运算程序实现了前/后桩及桩间土的协同作用,以及对刚架桩内力与变形的求解;最后,依托深圳地铁某路堑高边坡钻孔刚架桩现场监测案例,对比发现,二者桩顶最大变形相差在10%以内,验证了所提方法对岩土成层地基中钻孔刚架抗滑桩的适用性,开发的有限差分迭代程序简单便捷,可直接应用于钻孔刚架式抗滑桩工程设计。

低净空钻孔灌注桩技术在历史保护建筑内施工的试验研究

研究通过低净空钻孔灌注桩技术的试成桩和试成孔试验,结合监测和检测数据,论证了在狭窄低净空的建筑物室内低净空钻孔灌注桩施工的可行性,并收集积累了关键施工参数和数据,可为该项技术的改进优化提供参考。研究发现,低净空钻孔灌注桩施工技术对建筑物和周边土体的扰动影响较小,但由于桩机尺寸受限和刚度减小,地层硬度和成孔尺寸对钻进速度和成孔质量有较明显的影响。

高应力松软突出煤层定向长钻孔水力冲孔技术研究

为解决松软突出煤层高应力区瓦斯动力灾害问题,以象山矿5#煤21511工作面为研究对象,采用数值模拟、现场考察方法分析了定向长钻孔水力冲孔前后及不同冲孔出煤量的煤体应力变化规律、塑性损伤发育特征和现场实际瓦斯抽采效果。结果表明:冲孔技术显著影响了周围煤体地应力分布,煤体卸压范围和塑性破坏范围大幅提升;冲孔出煤量与钻孔卸压区域半径、塑性破坏区域直径呈正相关关系;冲孔长钻孔单孔抽采量较普通长钻孔提升了23.5%,有效抽采半径平均提高了近12.3%。定向长钻孔水力冲孔技术不仅可远距离治理瓦斯,而且显著提升了钻孔抽采效果,具有技术可行性。

南宁盆地特殊地层静压随钻跟管桩承载特性现场试验及数值模拟研究

随钻跟管桩(简称DPC桩)是一种钻孔-沉桩-排土同步进行的无泥浆排放的节能环保型大直径新型非挤土PHC管桩。为探究随钻跟管桩在南宁盆地特殊地层的适应性及承载特性,开展了现场原位试验、数值模拟分析,分析了这种新桩型的承载性能优势、桩侧摩阻力分布特征、荷载传递特性。得出如下结论:原位静载试验中,各试验桩荷载-沉降曲线呈缓变型,且承载性能均满足设计要求,桩身回弹率较高,各试验桩仍具有较大的承载潜力;桩身轴力沿桩身近似呈线性递减,桩端荷载约占桩顶荷载的20%~30%,桩侧摩阻力分担了70%~80%的桩顶荷载;桩侧摩阻力沿桩身深度分布均表现出了两头小、中间大的规律,随着荷载增加,桩侧摩阻力逐渐下移。可见,该桩型在南宁盆地特殊地层具有良好的适应性。