Chilades pandava is a dangerous insect pest of Cycas spp.,which seriously threatens the growth and development of Cycas plants.On the basis of previous studies,the paper summarized the behaviors of different insect st...Chilades pandava is a dangerous insect pest of Cycas spp.,which seriously threatens the growth and development of Cycas plants.On the basis of previous studies,the paper summarized the behaviors of different insect states of C.pandava,such as feeding,flying,resting,mating,spawning,hatching,pupation,eclosion,etc.,in order to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of C.pandava.展开更多
To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal se...To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third(last)larval instar(including prepupa)and pupal stages.We identified 18839 genes,of which 10796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes.There were relatively few differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the sexes(3%).The DEGs were clustered into six groups,mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns.Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period,whereas genes in clusters 46 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages.Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage,suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage.Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control,which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.展开更多
Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we ...Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we investigated the expression of cocoon protease inhibitors using immunoblotting and activity staining. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoon proteins in vitro was performed to characterize their roles in protecting the cocoon from microbial proteases. We found that some protease inhibitors, particularly trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL)-type protease inhibitors, can be secreted into the cocoon layer during the spinning process, thereby providing effective protection to the cocoon and pupa by inhibiting the extracellular proteases that can be secreted by pathogens.展开更多
文摘Chilades pandava is a dangerous insect pest of Cycas spp.,which seriously threatens the growth and development of Cycas plants.On the basis of previous studies,the paper summarized the behaviors of different insect states of C.pandava,such as feeding,flying,resting,mating,spawning,hatching,pupation,eclosion,etc.,in order to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of C.pandava.
基金We thank T.Mishina,K.Watanabe,M.Hoso,S.Ya-mamoto,and members of Animal Ecology Laboratory of Kyoto University for various supports and discussion.This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.26251044,18H04010 to T.S.).
文摘To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third(last)larval instar(including prepupa)and pupal stages.We identified 18839 genes,of which 10796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes.There were relatively few differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the sexes(3%).The DEGs were clustered into six groups,mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns.Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period,whereas genes in clusters 46 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages.Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage,suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage.Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control,which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.
文摘Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we investigated the expression of cocoon protease inhibitors using immunoblotting and activity staining. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoon proteins in vitro was performed to characterize their roles in protecting the cocoon from microbial proteases. We found that some protease inhibitors, particularly trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL)-type protease inhibitors, can be secreted into the cocoon layer during the spinning process, thereby providing effective protection to the cocoon and pupa by inhibiting the extracellular proteases that can be secreted by pathogens.