Impact of Gender and Working Environment on the Level of State Anxiety among Primary and Middle school Teachers in China

State anxiety has become serious among primary and middle school teachers in China. By using stratified random sampling, we selected 2790 primary and middle school teachers as participants. They were from seven regions of China, among them 2278 were valid subjects. Constructed on the basis of anxiety content, the Teachers’ State Anxiety Questionnaire (TSAQ) was used in the investigation. The result of the survey shows that primary and middle school teachers are generally affected by state anxiety;further analysis indicates that the prevalence of state anxiety is relatively higher among male teachers, teachers from key middle schools, teachers working more than 10 hours a day, and teachers loaded with additional task as head teachers. This is directly connected with China’s national situation, teaching envi-ronment, discrepancies in teachers themselves, and their own ability of self-regulation.

Empirical Research on Current Construction Situation of Primary and Middle School Teachers in New Era

Teachers are the top priority to develop the education.The thesis,first of all,has structured the index system of current teachers’construction situation in the new era.Then,the thesis has adopted the independent sample test and analysis of variance to analyze the difference of current teachers’construction situation in different dimensions on the basis of questionnaire data collected from teachers in five provinces and cities in the new era.Finally,the thesis has given some suggestions on improving teachers’situation in the new era from four aspects such as the improvement of the treatment guarantee mechanism for primary and middle school teachers,the operation of the cooperation mechanism among colleges,government and primary and middle school in cultivating students,the formation of training system on teachers’personal growth process and the establishment of the evaluation standard of teachers’titles as well as the standard evaluation procedure of professional titles.

Studies on L2 Learning Motivation of Primary and Middle School Students from the Perspective of L2 Motivational Self System

An empirical survey among 219 school students in the framework of L2 Motivational Self System found that Ideal L2 Self,Ought-to L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience in the System make different contributions to L2 motivation respectively and L2 Learning Experience is the largest contributor to L2 motivation for primary and middle school students.The pedagogical implications are also suggested.

Effect of socio-demographic status on dental caries in pupils by using a multilevel hurdle model

Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among schoolchildren. We aimed to investigate the association between dental caries index and socio-demographic status in schoolchildren by using a multilevel hurdle model. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 906 primary school pupils in Kerman, Iran in 2012. The subjects were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling. At first, the whole target area was stratified according to two geographic areas, the north and south area. Then each area was stratified according to gender. In the next step, several schools were considered as clusters, which were selected randomly in each geographic area and gender strata. All the schoolchildren in these schools were included in this study as samples. Twelve-year-old pupils were examined for dental caries. The dependent variable in this study was the dmft/DMFT index. Eight variables, including socio-demographic information, were collected. Multilevel negative binomial hurdle model was employed for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of caries-free pupils was 30.1% and the mean dmft/DMFT was 3.6 ± 2.2. Negative binomial part of the adjusted model showed that the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for females was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.79) times higher than males. Also, the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for overweight pupils was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.98) times lower than those with normal weight. Logistic part of the adjusted model showed that the posibility of caries-free state in overweight pupils was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.22-3.11) times higher than those with normal weight. In addition, pupils whose fathers and mothers were workers and housewives, respectively, and those with a high maternal age were at a greater risk for caries experience than others (p < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI, gender, parent’s job and mother’s age at delivery were factors effecting on dental caries in schoolchildren. These pupils need more attention to dental care.

宁波市江北区中小学生脊柱侧弯情况调查及影响因素

目的 了解宁波市江北区中小学生脊柱侧弯初筛阳性情况并分析其影响因素,为青少年脊柱侧弯防治提供科学依据。方法 采用两阶段整群抽样的方法,抽取宁波市江北区2所小学、2所初中、2所普通高中的1 648名学生为调查对象,通过问卷收集基本信息、饮食运动、读写习惯、背包行为和行走姿态等资料;采用一般检查、前屈试验和脊柱侧弯测量仪初筛脊柱侧弯情况;采用Logistic回归分析脊柱侧弯的影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷1 639份,中小学生脊柱侧弯初筛阳性113例,检出率为6.89%;女生脊柱侧弯检出率(10.15%)高于男生(4.16%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.730,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.559,95%CI:1.698~3.855)、消瘦(OR=1.660,95%CI:1.123~2.455)是中小学生脊柱侧弯阳性的危险因素,父母偶尔或经常提醒读写姿势不正确(偶尔OR=0.557,95%CI:0.296~1.051,经常OR=0.430,95%CI:0.246~0.754)是中小学生脊柱侧弯阳性的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 江北区中小学生脊柱侧弯问题较严重,应重视女生的健康教育,加强学生营养,父母应注重提醒学生及时纠正读写姿势。

2011-2021年北京市门头沟区中小学生超重肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 了解北京市门头沟区2011-2021学年度中小学生超重肥胖流行状况及变化趋势,为有针对性地制定儿童青少年超重肥胖防控策略与健康教育规划提供科学依据。方法 利用2011-2021学年度门头沟区所有在册中小学生健康体检数据,对其中超重、肥胖相关数据进行整理分析。结果 中小学生超重和肥胖总检出率从27.18%增加至41.82%,10个学年度间年平均增长3.80%。中小学生超重检出率在10个学年度间总体变化不明显,而肥胖的检出率年平均增长5.99%。女生的超重检出率年平均增长1.46%,初中学段学生年平均增长2.55%;男生的肥胖检出率年平均增长5.65%,女生年平均增长6.66%,所有学段均随时间推移有不同程度的上升。男生超重、肥胖的检出率均高于女生。2020-2021学年为肥胖检出增长最迅速的时期。结论 门头沟区中小学生超重、肥胖防控形势依然严峻。有针对性地加强防控薄弱环节管理刻不容缓。

大中小学思政课一体化建设的现实困境与突破路径

统筹推进一体化建设,推动大中小学思政课呈循序渐进、螺旋式上升,推动思政课内涵式高质量发展,是一项牵涉面广且需久久为功的整体性系统工程。基于整体性建构和系统性观念,聚焦当前大中小学思政课一体化建设在教学目标、教学内容、评价机制、队伍建设与推进机制等方面的现实困境与突出难题,以一体化的“教学目标—教学内容—师资队伍”为逻辑进路,着力解决大中小学思政课相互脱节及融通不畅的突出难题,促进大中小学思政课贯通衔接,实现教学资源互融互通、共建共享。

新世纪以来我国中小学生体质健康状况的变化趋势及促进策略

对新世纪以来我国中小学生体质健康状况的变化趋势进行了分析,发现中小学生的超重、肥胖以及视力不良问题仍在加剧,爆发力素质持续下降,速度素质、力量素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质虽呈现出止跌向好的趋势,但仍未得到根本性好转。为有效促进中小学生体质健康,提出相应策略:(1)健全多部门合作机制,提高学生体质健康协同治理能力;(2)推进教育评价改革,强化学生体质健康法治保障;(3)完善监测评估机制,督促地方政府、学校重视学生体质健康;(4)深化体育与健康课程教学改革,提高学生课内学习质量;(5)构建“家校社”体育联动体系,促进学生课外体育锻炼;(6)优化环境设施建设,引导学生选择积极的出行与休闲方式。

红色文化融入思政课一体化建设的价值意蕴、现实困境与实践进路

红色文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,将红色文化融入大中小学思政课一体化建设具有重要的现实意义。然而在实践中,却面临着教学衔接有待加强,学段认知存在差异;教学水平参差不齐,教师的信念感不足;教学形式单一固化,媒介资源利用有限的现实困境。为此,红色文化融入大中小学思政课必须遵循循序渐进、因材施教的原则,从汇集多方合力、强化队伍素质、推进数字建设三个层面统筹实践进路,助推红色文化融入大中小学思政课一体化建设进程。

新时代大中小学思政课教师队伍一体化建设研究

深化大中小学思政课一体化建设,是落实立德树人根本任务的内在要求,是遵循新时代青少年成长规律的必然选择,是促进思政课教师队伍专业化发展的现实需要。当前,大中小学思政课教师队伍建设存在一体化意识欠缺、一体化配备不足、培训“三性”不足和缺少交流互动等现实问题,需要从加强思政课教师队伍一体化意识、一体化配备、一体化培训和一体化交流互动等方面加以解决。

新时代大中小学思政课一体化建设路径探索

新时代开展大中小学思政课一体化建设是完善思想政治工作体系的要求。推进大中小学思政课一体化建设有利于筑牢理想信念根基,抓住立德树人根本;整体构建知识体系,提升课堂教学实效;面向学生全面发展,助力现代化建设。推进大中小学思政课一体化建设要从以下四个方面入手:推进教学管理一体化、推进课程目标一体化、推进教材建设一体化、推进教研沟通一体化。

何以补齐中小学体育教师资源短板?——基于深化体教融合典型实践的多案例分析

基于5个典型案例,依据资源依赖理论聚焦体育教师资源、组织结构关系和效能提升3个主题及其相互内在关联因素,归纳出市场运行机制、校际合作机制、政社合作机制、政策支持机制和行动补给机制5种补齐普通中小学体育教师资源短板的适配机制。体育、教育等行政组织及普通中小学、体校、青少年体育俱乐部等组织形成恰适性治理逻辑、网络化治理格局和互补型治理方式的组织结构关系,实现对国家深化体教融合等顶层设计的政策创新、满足参与行动组织资源诉求和学校体育教育资源再生的目标。以此为导向构建更具包容性的补齐中小学体育教师资源短板的理论模型,以及多种机制共存的学校体育资源供给路径。

“双减”背景下河北省中小学生焦虑抑郁症状现状

目的:调查“双减”背景下河北省中小学生焦虑抑郁症状的影响因素、关键症状及容易导致共病的症状,为制定中小学生焦虑抑郁症状预防与干预工作提供参考依据。方法:使用一般资料调查表、抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对河北省6个地区48所的4413名中小学进行问卷调查。结果:中小学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率分别为13.7%、10.4%,共病检出率为6.3%。二元Logistic回归结果显示,焦虑和抑郁症状的共同危险因素为女生、住宿、感到学习压力大、受过欺凌和睡不着觉(P<0.05),其中焦虑症状的危险因素为初中和独生子女(P<0.01),抑郁症状的危险因素为城镇、双亲家庭、每日上网时间>2小时和对学校感到不适应(P<0.05)。网络结构中预期影响较高的症状为GAD4“很难放松”(Z=1.09)、PHQ6“感觉自己糟糕或让其他人失望”(Z=1.06)、PHQ1“兴趣下降”(Z=1.05);桥梁预期影响较高的3个症状分别为PHQ9“存在消极观念”(Z=0.54)、PHQ1“兴趣下降”(Z=0.53)、GAD7“害怕将有可怕的事发生”(Z=0.46)。结论:“双减”背景下河北省焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率较低,但仍有待进一步降低。二者共同危险因素为女生、住宿、感到学习压力大、受过欺凌和睡不着觉,其中焦虑症状的危险因素为初中和独生子女,抑郁症状的危险因素城镇、双亲家庭、每日上网时间>2小时和对学校感到不适应。焦虑抑郁症状网络中的关键症状为GAD4、PHQ6、PHQ1,传递风险较高的桥梁症状为PHQ9、PHQ1、GAD7。

新时代大中小学思政课一体化建设长效机制探索

新时代构建大中小学思政课一体化建设长效机制,是做强思政课一体化的关键环节,旨在实现贯彻立德树人这一根本任务。但为提升思政课一体化建设的有效性、实效性,学校就必须坚持建设实效、建设有序、建设协同等原则,通过整合各类学科资源,持续推进共享平台建设、师资队伍建设及技术创新,将立德树人这一根本任务贯穿到学生培育的全国成。为此文章结合思政课提一体化建设长效机制的科学内涵及建设原则,探索出科学合理的长效机制建构策略。

当好“数字家长”:社会工作介入家庭网络素养教育的实务探索

新型数字社会对传统家庭教育模式提出了新的挑战,成长于网络文化下的未成年人容易凭借新技术的掌握获得“反哺”能力,实现逆向社会化,从而在代际沟通中摆脱单一的从属地位。新时代,家庭网络素养教育计划呼之欲出。其中,家长的自我训练和自身网络素养水平的提升必不可少。本文运用社会工作的专业方法,以中小学生家长为目标群体,在宁波X社区开展小组介入实务,旨在提高家长的网络素养,使其更有能力引导和保护子代,实施有效的家庭教育。同时,弥合亲代与子代之间的“数字代沟”,促进数字时代亲子共同成长的新型亲子关系,这既是社会工作介入家庭网络素养教育的路径探索,也是提高网络育人能力、促进我国高质量教育体系建设的有益补充。

Uneven Distribution of Primary and Middle Schools:A Case Study of Changchun,China

Providing further knowledge to and refinement of public facility location theory,this paper focuses on the distribution of basic educational facilities in China.The aim towards an equilibrium in the distribution of education resources has captured widespread attention in recent years.The basis of an education equilibrium is the balanced distribution of teaching facilities.Using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS,this article discusses the evolution characteristics of education equilibrium and explores its dynamics with reference to primary and middle schools in Changchun City,Jilin Province from 2007 to 2013.The study found the spatial distribution of primary and middle schools in Changchun was uneven and the characteristic of close internal but sparse external has not changed.Low-level equilibrium of primary and middle schools in Changchun has been basically realized,but high-level equilibrium is far from being realized.Although there has been a trend towards suburbanization of these schools in recent years,the high entrance threshold has determined that high-quality school opportunity(schools with high-level resource allocation)has not increased for people.The spatial distribution of primary and middle schools is related to the factors of population,real estate,transportation and the education system itself.Education space,living space,and traffic space all interact and together affect urban spatial structure.

武汉市中小学生身心健康现况及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨武汉市中小学生身心健康现况及其影响因素。方法 于2020年9-11月对武汉市4~12年级63 159名学生进行问卷调查,并获取体质健康检查数据。采用Logistic回归模型分析身心健康的主要影响因素。结果 总人群中自报视力下降率为60.0%,体检视力不良率为53.0%。随学段增加,重度视力不良率(视力≤4.5)明显上升,小学为17.8%、初高中则分别激增至45.1%和51.4%。超重/肥胖率达28.0%,小学最高(30.9%)。情绪不良率为23.5%,随学段的增加而上升,初高中分别为31.4%和35.8%(均Ptrend<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,观看电子屏幕≥1 h/d、桌椅高度不合适、健康教育改善认知不好与视力下降呈正向关联;每周喝含糖饮料1~4次、睡眠<7 h/d与超重/肥胖率增高有关;父母关系变差、受欺凌、睡眠<7 h/d与情绪不良率上升有关(均P<0.05)。结论 武汉市中小学生视力下降、超重/肥胖和情绪不良问题突出,需家庭、学校和政府联合干预。

新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间酒店隔离中小学生焦虑抑郁状态

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间酒店隔离的中小学生焦虑抑郁状态。方法:对内蒙古自治区赤峰市2022年9月-10月在酒店集中隔离的726名中小学生,采用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)进行测评,回收有效问卷624例,应答率为86%。SCARED≥23分、DSRSC≥15分为筛检阳性。结果:焦虑检出率为17.9%,抑郁为15.4%;初中生焦虑、抑郁检出率高于小学生(均P<0.05);女生广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖因子得分高于男生(均P<0.05);初中生分离性焦虑因子评分、抑郁评分高于小学生(均P<0.01)。结论:新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间酒店集中隔离的初中生较小学生更易出现焦虑、抑郁症状,女生较男生更易出现焦虑症状。