Early mother-litter bonds alterations elicited by pre- and neonatal undernutrition are a source of long-lasting brain and functional disorders such as exploratory and emotional deficits and maternal unresponsiveness t...Early mother-litter bonds alterations elicited by pre- and neonatal undernutrition are a source of long-lasting brain and functional disorders such as exploratory and emotional deficits and maternal unresponsiveness to the newborn. Here, we examined the prolonged effects of gestational and neonatal food restriction on the retrieval of pups and nest building activity by primiparous adult Wistar rats on postnatal days (PDs) 4, 8, and 12. In early undernourished dams, the latency to retrieve the first or the fifth pups in the litter was extended;and nest building activity was significantly reduced. Additionally, early underfed dams retrieved the pups in a rough manner, eliciting distress cries and grasping the pups by unusual body areas. The current findings suggest that pre- and neonatal food restriction may affect the anatomical and functional forebrain structures, modulating the cognitive and motor components underlying maternal responsiveness.展开更多
Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardatio...Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardation and hypophrenia in later life.展开更多
It is common sense that mammals reproduce sexually, whereby a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. And at some point later in reproduction, a baby with the genetic mixtures from the both parents pops out. However, this ...It is common sense that mammals reproduce sexually, whereby a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. And at some point later in reproduction, a baby with the genetic mixtures from the both parents pops out. However, this common perception was shattered by a recent study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). Jointly led by Prof. HU Baoyang, CAS Member Prof. ZHOU Qi and Prof.展开更多
Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Sol...Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) deficiency limits the growth,development,and productivity of rice.To better understand the underlying mechanisms in P-deficiency tolerance and the role of Pup1 QTL in enhancing P use efficiency(PUE) for ...Phosphorus(P) deficiency limits the growth,development,and productivity of rice.To better understand the underlying mechanisms in P-deficiency tolerance and the role of Pup1 QTL in enhancing P use efficiency(PUE) for the development of P-efficient rice cultivars,a pair of contrasting rice genotypes(Pusa-44 and NIL-23) was applied to investigate the morpho-physio-biochemical and proteomic variation under P-starvation stress.The rice genotypes were grown hydroponically in a PusaRich medium with adequate P(16 mg/kg,+P) or without P(0 mg/kg,-P) for 30 d.P-starvation manifested a significant reductions in root and shoot biomass,shoot length,leaf area,total chlorophyll,and P,nitrogen and starch contents,as well as protein kinase activity.The stress increased root-to-shoot biomass ratio,root length,sucrose content,and acid phosphatase activity,particularly in the P-tolerant genotype(NIL-23).Comparative proteome analysis revealed several P metabolism-associated proteins(including OsCDPKs,OsMAPKs,OsCPKs,OsLecRK2,and OsSAPks) to be expressed in the shoot of NIL-23,indicating that multiple protein kinases were involved in P-starvation/deficiency tolerance.Moreover,the up-regulated expression of OsrbcL,OsABCG32,OsSUS5,OsPoll-like B,and ClpC2 proteins in the shoot,and OsACA9,OsACA8,OsSPS2F,OsPP2C15,and OsBiP3 in the root of NIL-23,indicated their role in P-starvation stress control through the Pup1 QTL. Thus,our findings indicated that-P stress-responsive proteins,in conjunction with morpho-physio-biochemical modulations,improved PUE and made NIL-23 a P-deficiency tolerant genotype due to the introgression of the Pup1 QTL in the Pusa-44 background.展开更多
大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用...大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用户处理器PUP(Principal User Processor)上风切变自动识别产品存在的边缘识别较弱及定位误差较大等问题,根据多普勒雷达速度资料径向分布的特点,利用最小二乘法线性拟合优势,选择适于机载雷达参数的拟合窗口,对多个实例进行了识别分析。对比结果表明最小二乘法在识别效果、定位精度、边缘识别等方面优于PUP风切变自动识别产品,提高了风切变识别能力,有助于为机载雷达风切变识别及预警提供更好的依据。展开更多
Undernutrition produces morphological brain alterations and cognitive deficiencies in children of underdeveloped countries. The central nervous system (CNS) alterations mainly interfere with the anatomical organizatio...Undernutrition produces morphological brain alterations and cognitive deficiencies in children of underdeveloped countries. The central nervous system (CNS) alterations mainly interfere with the anatomical organization of areas undergoing a phase of intense postnatal cell proliferation, disrupting plastic processes like learning, memory, and phonation. In the rat pup, prenatal malnutrition interferes with the elaboration of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) by poorly understood mechanisms. The neuronal caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus (Ambc) innervates the laryngeal intrinsic muscles to produce phonation, a basic USV communication system. During postnatal development, enhanced plasticity phenomena play a fundamental role in improving brain function. Thus, the massage stimulation (MS) may accelerate growth and induce neurogenesis in different areas of the brain. The current study analyzed the effects of a daily 10-min MS on the dendritic tree and perikarya measurements of Ambc multipolar motoneurons (Golgi-Cox) of perinatally underfed (U), control (C), control massage-stimulated (CMS), and underfed massage-stimulated (UMS) groups at postnatal days (PDs) 8, 12, and 15. The data indicated that the dendritic scores were reduced (p < 0.05) in both number and density at PD8 and PD15 in the U subjects and that MS increased the values of these parameters (p < 0.05). In addition, MS induced body weight gain in both U and CMS groups, and it enhanced the dendritic density in CMS subjects. These results show that MS during the pre-weaning period restores the plastic properties of the Ambc over the hypoplastic multipolar motoneuron after the alterations caused by perinatal undernutrition.展开更多
文摘Early mother-litter bonds alterations elicited by pre- and neonatal undernutrition are a source of long-lasting brain and functional disorders such as exploratory and emotional deficits and maternal unresponsiveness to the newborn. Here, we examined the prolonged effects of gestational and neonatal food restriction on the retrieval of pups and nest building activity by primiparous adult Wistar rats on postnatal days (PDs) 4, 8, and 12. In early undernourished dams, the latency to retrieve the first or the fifth pups in the litter was extended;and nest building activity was significantly reduced. Additionally, early underfed dams retrieved the pups in a rough manner, eliciting distress cries and grasping the pups by unusual body areas. The current findings suggest that pre- and neonatal food restriction may affect the anatomical and functional forebrain structures, modulating the cognitive and motor components underlying maternal responsiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.31201878,81172716,and U1204804Post Doctoral Foundation of China,No.2015M572109Post Doctoral Fund of Henan province,No.2014049
文摘Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardation and hypophrenia in later life.
文摘It is common sense that mammals reproduce sexually, whereby a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. And at some point later in reproduction, a baby with the genetic mixtures from the both parents pops out. However, this common perception was shattered by a recent study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). Jointly led by Prof. HU Baoyang, CAS Member Prof. ZHOU Qi and Prof.
文摘Rabies, a zoonotic disease, kills 55,000 persons every year globally and 20,000 persons in India. Two years back, we learnt of two deaths due to Rabies in remote village Shiv Shankar Garh of Arki block of District Solan and decided to investigate the deaths. Method: A rapid response team was constituted to investigate the deaths. We interviewed the villagers & family to conduct verbal autopsy. A line list of entire population of village and household contacts of the patients, who died, were made along with the line list of dogs and cattle. Results & Discussion: A-month-old stray pup brought home by the family and had caused an abrasion with its toes on the hands of both the deceased on June 2, 2011 while playing. The lady developed paralysis of the arm on July 3, 2011 and 3 days later developed symptoms of hydrophobia. She died on July 9, 2011. Her son had developed hydrophobia 10 days after that and died on July 19, 2011. Assumption that bite or abrasion by a small pup of one month cannot be fatal proved otherwise. Lack of awareness regarding the fatality of even a scratch and lack of knowledge regarding local treatment of the wound & vaccination of both human and pups, were the main reasons for the deaths. While such incidents keep on happening, and the veterinarians in India are refusing to vaccinate pups before three months of age, as pups may not develop immunity before that age, leaving unsuspecting people to the risk of rabies. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to rabies even by pups below 3 months of age. Recommendation: Pup vaccination schedule in rabies endemic countries like India need revision. Veterinarians and public health experts need to strongly consider vaccinating pups at first contact with humans even if they are less than 3 months of age. A booster to the pup can be given at three months of age with subsequent yearly boosters.
基金The study was funded by the financial support received from the Centre of Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology-National Agricultural Higher Education Project jointly funded by the World Bank and ICAR(Grant No.8776-IN-P151072).
文摘Phosphorus(P) deficiency limits the growth,development,and productivity of rice.To better understand the underlying mechanisms in P-deficiency tolerance and the role of Pup1 QTL in enhancing P use efficiency(PUE) for the development of P-efficient rice cultivars,a pair of contrasting rice genotypes(Pusa-44 and NIL-23) was applied to investigate the morpho-physio-biochemical and proteomic variation under P-starvation stress.The rice genotypes were grown hydroponically in a PusaRich medium with adequate P(16 mg/kg,+P) or without P(0 mg/kg,-P) for 30 d.P-starvation manifested a significant reductions in root and shoot biomass,shoot length,leaf area,total chlorophyll,and P,nitrogen and starch contents,as well as protein kinase activity.The stress increased root-to-shoot biomass ratio,root length,sucrose content,and acid phosphatase activity,particularly in the P-tolerant genotype(NIL-23).Comparative proteome analysis revealed several P metabolism-associated proteins(including OsCDPKs,OsMAPKs,OsCPKs,OsLecRK2,and OsSAPks) to be expressed in the shoot of NIL-23,indicating that multiple protein kinases were involved in P-starvation/deficiency tolerance.Moreover,the up-regulated expression of OsrbcL,OsABCG32,OsSUS5,OsPoll-like B,and ClpC2 proteins in the shoot,and OsACA9,OsACA8,OsSPS2F,OsPP2C15,and OsBiP3 in the root of NIL-23,indicated their role in P-starvation stress control through the Pup1 QTL. Thus,our findings indicated that-P stress-responsive proteins,in conjunction with morpho-physio-biochemical modulations,improved PUE and made NIL-23 a P-deficiency tolerant genotype due to the introgression of the Pup1 QTL in the Pusa-44 background.
文摘大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用户处理器PUP(Principal User Processor)上风切变自动识别产品存在的边缘识别较弱及定位误差较大等问题,根据多普勒雷达速度资料径向分布的特点,利用最小二乘法线性拟合优势,选择适于机载雷达参数的拟合窗口,对多个实例进行了识别分析。对比结果表明最小二乘法在识别效果、定位精度、边缘识别等方面优于PUP风切变自动识别产品,提高了风切变识别能力,有助于为机载雷达风切变识别及预警提供更好的依据。
文摘Undernutrition produces morphological brain alterations and cognitive deficiencies in children of underdeveloped countries. The central nervous system (CNS) alterations mainly interfere with the anatomical organization of areas undergoing a phase of intense postnatal cell proliferation, disrupting plastic processes like learning, memory, and phonation. In the rat pup, prenatal malnutrition interferes with the elaboration of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) by poorly understood mechanisms. The neuronal caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus (Ambc) innervates the laryngeal intrinsic muscles to produce phonation, a basic USV communication system. During postnatal development, enhanced plasticity phenomena play a fundamental role in improving brain function. Thus, the massage stimulation (MS) may accelerate growth and induce neurogenesis in different areas of the brain. The current study analyzed the effects of a daily 10-min MS on the dendritic tree and perikarya measurements of Ambc multipolar motoneurons (Golgi-Cox) of perinatally underfed (U), control (C), control massage-stimulated (CMS), and underfed massage-stimulated (UMS) groups at postnatal days (PDs) 8, 12, and 15. The data indicated that the dendritic scores were reduced (p < 0.05) in both number and density at PD8 and PD15 in the U subjects and that MS increased the values of these parameters (p < 0.05). In addition, MS induced body weight gain in both U and CMS groups, and it enhanced the dendritic density in CMS subjects. These results show that MS during the pre-weaning period restores the plastic properties of the Ambc over the hypoplastic multipolar motoneuron after the alterations caused by perinatal undernutrition.
