LC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of bergenin, the main bioactive component of Bergenia purpurascens after oral administration in rats

Bergenin, a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid from Bergenia purpurascens, is a naturally antitussive and expectorant agent. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method has been developed and validated for the determination of the active component--bergenin, in rat plasma after oral administration of aqueous B. purpurascens extract. The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Diamonsil C18 column （150mim×4.6mm, 5μm） with isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of water- methanol （30：70, v/v） at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was accomplished by a triple- quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple-reaction monitoring （MRM） scanning via an electrospray ionization （ESI） source operating in the negative mode. The optimized mass transition ion-pairs （m/z） for quantitation were 327.3/192.0 for bergenin, and 431.1/311.1 for IS. The time for each analysis run was only 3.5 min between injections. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity （r2〉 0.99） over a range of 1.00-2000 ng/mL for bergenin. The lower limit of quantitation （LLOQ） was 1.00ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were no more than 11.8%, and relative errors （RE） were within the range of 0.0-4.4%. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of bergenin after oral administration of B. purpurascens extract in rats.

Modulation of antiviral cytokine production and lung protection against influenza virus by the glycosides from Ligustrum purpurascens

Ligustrum purpurascens has been used as a traditional herb for over 2,000 years in China.This study was design to investigate the modulation of antiviral cytokines and reduction in lung inflammation of virus-infected mice by the glycosides isolated from Ligustrum purpurascens.Methods:Ligustrum purpurascens glycosides(LPG)were isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum purpurascens.Proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were investigated after LPG treatment.The in vitro and in vivo cytokine modulation of LPG was studied.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of LPG,with the potential to reduce inflammatory lung disorders,were investigated by influenza A virus infected mice.Results:LPG could significantly promote the proliferation,and also could stimulate the production of IFN-γby spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.IFN-γexpression level was increased significantly compared to the control and presented a dose-dependent manner in vitro.Furthermore,LPG inhibit the expression of TNF-αand IL-10,which return to normal level in the cyclophosphamide-induced mice model in vivo.Besides,the histopathological analysis indicated LPG reduced acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus.Conclusion:This study suggested that LPG could increase the exression of IFN-γ,immunoregulation and decrease lung inflammation of virus-infected mice.

Effect of Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens Flower Extract on Proliferation and Molecular Regulation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Stressed C57BL/6 Mice

Objective： To investigate the hair growth-promoting effect of Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens（MSP） flower extracton on in vitro and in vivo models.Methods： MSP flower extract was extracted in 99.9% methanol and applied to examine the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells（h DPCs） in vitro at the dose of 3.92-62.50 μg/m L and hair growth of C57 BL/6 mice in vivo at the dose of 1000 μg/m L.The expression of transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1）,hepatocyte growth factor（HGF）,β-catenin,substance P was measured by relative quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction.Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results： MSP（7.81 μg/m L） down-regulated TGF-β1 and up-regulated HGF and β-catenin in h DPCs（P〈0.01）.MSP（1000 μg/m L）-treated mice showed the earlier transition of hair follicles from the telogen to the anagen phase.The number of mast cells was lower in the MSP-treated mice than in other groups（P〈0.05 vs.NCS group）.Substance P and TGF-β1 were expressed in hair follicles and skin of the MSP group lower than that in negative control.Stem cell factor in hair follicles was up-regulated in the MSP-treated mice（P〈0.01）.Conclusion： The MSP flower extract may have hair growth-promotion activities.

Genomic insight into the divergence and adaptive potential of a forgotten landrace G.hirsutum L.purpurascens

Wild progenitors are an excellent source for strengthening the genetic basis and accumulation of desirable variation lost because of directional selection and adaptation in modern cultivars.Here,we re-evaluate a landrace of Gossypium hirsutum,formerly known as Gossypium purpurascens.Our study seeks to understand the genomic structure,variation,and breeding potential of this landrace,providing potential insights into the biogeographic history and genomic changes likely associated with domestication.A core set of accessions,including current varieties,obsolete accessions,G.purpurascens,and other geographical landraces,are subjected to genotyping along with multilocation phenotyping.Population fixation statistics suggests a marked differentiation between G.purpurascens and three other groups,emphasizing the divergent genomic behavior of G.purpurascens.Phylogenetic analysis establishes the primitive nature of G.purpurascens,identifying it as a vital source of functional variation,the inclusion of which in the upland cotton(cultivated G.hirsutum)gene pool may broaden the genetic basis of modern cultivars.Genome-wide association results indicate multiple loci associated with domestication regions corresponding to flowering and fiber quality.Moreover,the conserved nature of G.purpurascens can also provide insights into the evolutionary process of G.hirsutum.

基于转录组序列的岩白菜SSR位点特征与引物开发

本研究对岩白菜转录组测序获得的94755条Unigene用MISA软件进行SSR位点挖掘和分析,共获得10237个SSR位点,SSR出现频率为10.80%,所有的SSR位点分布于9001条Unigene上,发生频率为9.50%;二核苷酸(72.31%)分布最多,其次是三核苷酸(22.29%),主导的重复基元类型是AG/CT。利用Primer 5.0进行引物设计,随机筛选100对引物进行验证,有60对可以扩增出与预期大小相符的条带,且多态性较好。结果表明基于岩白菜转录组序列开发SSR标记是可行的,这些SSR引物的开发有助于岩白菜的遗传多样性分析和分子标记辅助育种。