Objective:Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups.They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities.Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varie...Objective:Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups.They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities.Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varieties of Echinacea are similar to or better than those of the wild ones and the relationship between the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant activities are still not clear.Methods:Folin-Ciocalteu method,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assay,ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)radical scavenging assay,and Fe^(2+)chelating ability assay were used,respectively,to detect the total polyphenols and 5 kinds of caffeic acid derivatives(chicoric acid,caffeic acid,caftaric acid,chlorogenic acid,and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)in the roots,stems,leaves,and flowers,and the antioxidant activities of 3 varieties of Echinacea:E.purpurea L.,cultivar E.purpurea'Aloha',and E.purpurea'White Swan'.Results:E.purpurea L.had the highest contents of total polyphenols,5 caffeic acid derivatives and antioxidant activities,followed by E.purpurea'White Swan'and E.purpurea'Aloha',respectively.E.purpurea'White Swan'had the strongest ability to remove the DPPH,ABTS·^(+)and free radicals,and to chelate Fe^(2+);E.purpurea L.had the strongest ability to reduce FRAP.The correlation analyses revealed that the contents of total polyphenols and caffeic acid derivatives of E.purpurea L.and E.purpurea'White Swan'were correlated with their antioxidant activities.Conclusion:E.purpurea L.was the most appropriate material for the development of medicinal plants.E.purpurea'White Swan'could be used as a substitute for E.purpurea L.in terms of its antioxidant activity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate anticancer activity of different fractions of Tephrosia purpurea[TP] (Sharapunkha,Fabaceae) and Ficus religiosa[FR](Peepal,Moraceae).Methods:The fractions of TP and FR were prepared and te...Objective:To investigate anticancer activity of different fractions of Tephrosia purpurea[TP] (Sharapunkha,Fabaceae) and Ficus religiosa[FR](Peepal,Moraceae).Methods:The fractions of TP and FR were prepared and tested for in vitro anticancer activity using human MCF 7 cell line by trypan blue exclusion method.Results:The result showed that among all these fractions of TPI.TPIII.FRI and FRIII showed better anticancer activity compared to other fractions.The IC<sub>50</sub> value for TPI(152.4μM),TPIII(158.71μM).FRI(160.3μM) and for FRIII(222.7μM) was observed.Conclusions:The present study shows anticancer potential of TP and FR fractions in MCF 7 cell line.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of orally administered ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea in acute and subacute inflammation in rats.Methods:An ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was prep...Objective:To evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of orally administered ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea in acute and subacute inflammation in rats.Methods:An ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was prepared.Carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma were the models for acute and subacute inflammation respectively.Four groups of rats in each model were treated orally with 2%gum acacia,100 mg /kg of aspirin,500 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea respectively.In carrageenan induced paw edema model, subplantar injection of 1%carrageenan was made into the hind paw of the rats sixty minutes after the administration of the respective drugs.The paw volume was measured immediately after injection of carrageenan,at 3 hours and at 6 hours.Then percentage inhibition of edema was calculated.In the cotton pellet granuloma model,animals were administered drugs for six days after placing cotton pellets in the axilla on each side.On the 7th day,dry weight of granuloma was calculated.Results:The rats treated with Tephrosia purpurea did not exhibit any significant decrease in paw volume and serum ceruloplasmin levels as compared to the control and aspirin treated groups in the acute inflammation model;while,there was a significant(P 【 0.01) decrease in the weight of granuloma in Tephrosia purpurea and aspirin treated groups as compared to control in subacute inflammation.Conclusions:The ethanolic extract of orally administered Tephrosia purpurea shows significant antiinflammatory effect in subacute inflammation but not in acute inflammation in rats.展开更多
Development of fine roots and formation of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi represent two strategies for plants to acquire nutrient and water from soil. Here, we elucidated how fine root development and...Development of fine roots and formation of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi represent two strategies for plants to acquire nutrient and water from soil. Here, we elucidated how fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi with Stipa purpurea responded to the precipitation change in Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem across a precipitation gradient from 50 mm to 400 mm. As precipitation increased, the proportion of thinner fine roots(diameter < 0.4 mm) in total roots increased significantly; while the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, either associated with thinner or thicker roots, decreased. This phenomenon indicated that fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi are likely alternative, and plant preferred to develop fine root rather than build a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in more benign niches with higher precipitation. Also, root diameter was negatively correlated with specific root length(SRL), but positively correlated with AM fungal colonization percentage, indicating thicker-root species rely more on mycorrhizal fungi in alpine steppe. The complementarity between fine root and mycorrhizal fungi of S. purpurea is mediated by precipitation in Tibetan alpine steppe.展开更多
Aim To separate and identify chemical constituents of Ehinacea purpurea. Methods Five compounds were isolated from the plant using chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. Results Five compoun...Aim To separate and identify chemical constituents of Ehinacea purpurea. Methods Five compounds were isolated from the plant using chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. Results Five compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 2, 6-dimethyl-7-octene-2, 3, 6-triol-2-O-β-D-gtucopyranoside (1), 7, 8-furocoumarin (2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), caffeic acid (4), methyl catfeate (5), and ethyl catfeate(6). Conclusion All these compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.展开更多
Cichoric acid is the main phenolic compound in the root and rhizome of the medicinal part, Echinacea purpurea that is known for possessing immune enhancing characteristics. In this study, we analysis the the synthesis...Cichoric acid is the main phenolic compound in the root and rhizome of the medicinal part, Echinacea purpurea that is known for possessing immune enhancing characteristics. In this study, we analysis the the synthesis and storage sites of phenolic compound in E. purpurea. We used fluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cytochemical and immunocytochemical localization to observe the distribution of phenolic compounds. Our results show that the phenolic compounds were mostly distributed in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and mainly present in the vacuoles, large intercellular spaces and their surrounding cell walls. No phenolic compounds were observed in the cytoplasm and the organelles. We concluded that the phenolic compounds were synthetized in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and stored in the vacuoles of parenchyma cells. The above results provided significantly cytological information for further approaching the metabolic regulation and transfer pathways of phenolic compounds in biochemistry and molecular biology.展开更多
Determining the responses of candidate plants to salt stress is a prerequisite for selecting and breeding suitable plants with high salt tolerance to grow in coastal mudfl at areas with high salinity.Here,2-year cutti...Determining the responses of candidate plants to salt stress is a prerequisite for selecting and breeding suitable plants with high salt tolerance to grow in coastal mudfl at areas with high salinity.Here,2-year cutting seedlings of Ilex purpurea Hassk.(local species)and I.integra Thunb.(introduced species)were grown in pots in a glasshouse and irrigated with a Hoagland-NaCl solution at 0,24,and 48 h.Root samples were collected at 0,1,6,24,and 72 h,and concentration of Na^(+)ion;content of proline,soluble carbohydrate,malondialdehyde(MDA),H_(2)O_(2) and ascorbate;and activity of three key antioxidative enzymes were measured.Roots of I.integra accumulated relatively less Na^(+)and had less membrane lipid peroxidation and H_(2)O_(2) during salt stress,thus indicating a relatively higher salt tolerance than roots of I.purpurea.Values for ascorbate content and antioxidant enzymatic activity suggest that the antioxidant ascorbate and antioxidative catalase may play substantial roles for scavenging reactive oxygen species in I.integra roots during salt treatment.Thus,I.integra is apparently more suitable for growing in local highly saline coastal mudfl ats.展开更多
Mutations induced from tissue culture are easily to be separated,which might be propagated in the same medium,especially for the color-leaf ornamental grass,Oxalis triaggularis purpurea.Mutations of the ornamental tra...Mutations induced from tissue culture are easily to be separated,which might be propagated in the same medium,especially for the color-leaf ornamental grass,Oxalis triaggularis purpurea.Mutations of the ornamental traits in the tissue culture bottle could be investigated easily.The 35 d regeneration system group showed the lowest adventitious bud number and adventitious root number among 4 inoculation dates by 50 Gy dose of ^(60)Coγ radiation.More studies were carried out based on the 35d differentiation state of O.triangularis purpurea regeneration system.The 35 d regeneration system was then irradiated by 10,25 and 50 Gy doses of ^(60)Coγ rays.Numbers of adventitious buds and roots induced from the regeneration system were cut down with the increment of radiation doses.Seedling length was not distinctly reduced at the absorbed doses of 10 and 25 Gy,but reduced distinctly under 50 Gy of ^(60)Coγ irradiation.The optimal irradiation dose for 35 d O.triangularis regeneration system survival and mutation induction was approximately 25 Gy.The M_2 phenotypic mutation rate was 2.9%,especially,and the leaf number mutation accounted for 76%of the total mutation.The phenotypic mutations,especially in the 10 Gy group,on 0.1 m M Vc containing MS medium were recovered,which indicated that ROS plays a key role in the phenotypic mutation induced by ^(60)Coγ -rays.展开更多
The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In mu...The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In multi-steps extraction, the extraction yields of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 21.52%, 9.33%, and 2.90%, and their total phenols contents were 182.08, 176.33, and 177.08 mg CAE/g, respectively, with cichoric acid (62.07 - 66.57 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. No differences in the contents of individual and total caffeic acids derivates existed among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts. The dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamide 8/9) contents of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 505.38, 598.61, and 585.99 µg/g, respectively. In multi-batches extraction, the extracted dry weight increased with increasing the sample batches, with the extraction yields and alkamide 8/9 contents of samples decreased from 19.93% to 12.98% and 534.36 to 269.76 µg/g, respectively. The total phenol (177.25 - 186.92 mg CAE/g), individual and total caffeic acid derivatives (85.99 - 95.06 mg/g) contents of extracts among different sample batches were not significantly different, with cichoric acid (63.66 - 70.31 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. All the prepared extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Overall, the two-step sequential extraction is desirable for extracting bioactive compounds from freeze-dried E. purpurea flower.展开更多
Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F 2 individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea,and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were explored.Di...Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F 2 individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea,and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were explored.Differential expression,eQTL,bisulfite sequencing,and network analysis were used to characterize sex dimorphism,detect candidate master regulator genes,and identify pathways through which the sex determination region(SDR)may mediate sex dimorphism.Eleven genes are presented as candidates for master regulators of sex,supported by gene expression and network analyses.These include genes putatively involved in hormone signaling,epigenetic modification,and regulation of transcription.eQTL analysis revealed a suite of transcription factors and genes involved in secondary metabolism and floral development that were predicted to be under direct control of the sex determination region.Furthermore,data from bisulfite sequencing and small RNA sequencing revealed strong differences in expression between males and females that would implicate both of these processes in sex dimorphism pathways.These data indicate that the mechanism of sex determination in Salix purpurea is likely different from that observed in the related genus Populus.This further demonstrates the dynamic nature of SDRs in plants,which involves a multitude of mechanisms of sex determination and a high rate of turnover.展开更多
The plant growth regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) has proved highly effective on micropropagation of the medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), however, sharp variation of the...The plant growth regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) has proved highly effective on micropropagation of the medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), however, sharp variation of the effects existed among explants in the same treatment, making the application of DA-6 in micropropagation difficult. In order to clarify factors that influencing the treating results of DA-6, explants with different biomass dosage were prepared and inoculated onto medium supplemented with different concentrations of DA-6. It was found that among the three kinds of biomass dosage explants, the lowest biomass explants required the lowest concentration of DA-6, and the highest biomass explants required the highest concentration of DA-6 for the best results on adventitious buds regeneration. Similar results were obtained when regenerated buds of three different biomass dosages were cultured. It could be concluded from the above experimental results that for achieving better DA-6 application results, the concentration of DA-6 should be determined not only by the types but also by the biomass dosage of the explants. The present finding might help to improve the micropropagation efficiency in E. purpurea, and might be applicable for other species展开更多
Anthersisolated from tetraploid purple coneflowerplants were cultured in vitro. The highest callus induction rate was obtained when the medium was consisted of N6 basal elements, 4% sucrose, 0.5 mg?L?1 BA, and 0.10 mg...Anthersisolated from tetraploid purple coneflowerplants were cultured in vitro. The highest callus induction rate was obtained when the medium was consisted of N6 basal elements, 4% sucrose, 0.5 mg?L?1 BA, and 0.10 mg?L?1 NAA. Various morphogenesis such as globular, heart-shape, torpedo-shapeand final state embryos as well asvarious texture calluses around were observed. Out of 110 plantlets regenerated, 104 were confirmed as diploid and the rest were as tetraploid. Plants of one diploid offspring strain presented aspecialcharacter in pot: unlike the original tetraploid plants, it grown tubular, bisexual ray florets. The results obtained in the present studies indicated that although the tetraploid purple coneflower plants produced only diploid microspores, the recovery of some useful mutants through in vitro anther cultures might be reasonably expected.展开更多
Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) is an immunostimulating drug, containing multiple substances. The most important substance in activity is polysaccharide, caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid), alkamides and ...Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) is an immunostimulating drug, containing multiple substances. The most important substance in activity is polysaccharide, caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid), alkamides and glycoproteins. It is not clear yet, which substances are responsible for activity. Cichoric acid is an appropriate marker of the quality of Echinacea purpurea containing product, because it has immune stimulatory effects and it is susceptible to degradation. In this study a TLC scanner system and HPLC method has been used for identification and determination of cichoric acid in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea. The results showed that the cichoric acid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Iran is about 1.50 ±0.65% (w/w) which is comparable with cichoric acid content in native plants. The local conditions have no significant effect on cichoric acid content as a biomarker of Echinacea purpurea quality.展开更多
基金supported by the Technology and Development Project of the Finance Department of Guangdong Province,China(No.[2015]639)the Technology Project of the Educational Commission of Guangdong Province of China(No.[2015]3)。
文摘Objective:Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups.They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities.Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varieties of Echinacea are similar to or better than those of the wild ones and the relationship between the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant activities are still not clear.Methods:Folin-Ciocalteu method,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assay,ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)radical scavenging assay,and Fe^(2+)chelating ability assay were used,respectively,to detect the total polyphenols and 5 kinds of caffeic acid derivatives(chicoric acid,caffeic acid,caftaric acid,chlorogenic acid,and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)in the roots,stems,leaves,and flowers,and the antioxidant activities of 3 varieties of Echinacea:E.purpurea L.,cultivar E.purpurea'Aloha',and E.purpurea'White Swan'.Results:E.purpurea L.had the highest contents of total polyphenols,5 caffeic acid derivatives and antioxidant activities,followed by E.purpurea'White Swan'and E.purpurea'Aloha',respectively.E.purpurea'White Swan'had the strongest ability to remove the DPPH,ABTS·^(+)and free radicals,and to chelate Fe^(2+);E.purpurea L.had the strongest ability to reduce FRAP.The correlation analyses revealed that the contents of total polyphenols and caffeic acid derivatives of E.purpurea L.and E.purpurea'White Swan'were correlated with their antioxidant activities.Conclusion:E.purpurea L.was the most appropriate material for the development of medicinal plants.E.purpurea'White Swan'could be used as a substitute for E.purpurea L.in terms of its antioxidant activity.
文摘Objective:To investigate anticancer activity of different fractions of Tephrosia purpurea[TP] (Sharapunkha,Fabaceae) and Ficus religiosa[FR](Peepal,Moraceae).Methods:The fractions of TP and FR were prepared and tested for in vitro anticancer activity using human MCF 7 cell line by trypan blue exclusion method.Results:The result showed that among all these fractions of TPI.TPIII.FRI and FRIII showed better anticancer activity compared to other fractions.The IC<sub>50</sub> value for TPI(152.4μM),TPIII(158.71μM).FRI(160.3μM) and for FRIII(222.7μM) was observed.Conclusions:The present study shows anticancer potential of TP and FR fractions in MCF 7 cell line.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of orally administered ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea in acute and subacute inflammation in rats.Methods:An ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was prepared.Carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma were the models for acute and subacute inflammation respectively.Four groups of rats in each model were treated orally with 2%gum acacia,100 mg /kg of aspirin,500 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea respectively.In carrageenan induced paw edema model, subplantar injection of 1%carrageenan was made into the hind paw of the rats sixty minutes after the administration of the respective drugs.The paw volume was measured immediately after injection of carrageenan,at 3 hours and at 6 hours.Then percentage inhibition of edema was calculated.In the cotton pellet granuloma model,animals were administered drugs for six days after placing cotton pellets in the axilla on each side.On the 7th day,dry weight of granuloma was calculated.Results:The rats treated with Tephrosia purpurea did not exhibit any significant decrease in paw volume and serum ceruloplasmin levels as compared to the control and aspirin treated groups in the acute inflammation model;while,there was a significant(P 【 0.01) decrease in the weight of granuloma in Tephrosia purpurea and aspirin treated groups as compared to control in subacute inflammation.Conclusions:The ethanolic extract of orally administered Tephrosia purpurea shows significant antiinflammatory effect in subacute inflammation but not in acute inflammation in rats.
基金funded by the The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501802)the Key Projects in the National Basic Research Programs (2013CB956000)Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB15010201) of China
文摘Development of fine roots and formation of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi represent two strategies for plants to acquire nutrient and water from soil. Here, we elucidated how fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi with Stipa purpurea responded to the precipitation change in Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem across a precipitation gradient from 50 mm to 400 mm. As precipitation increased, the proportion of thinner fine roots(diameter < 0.4 mm) in total roots increased significantly; while the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, either associated with thinner or thicker roots, decreased. This phenomenon indicated that fine root development and symbolized mycorrhizal fungi are likely alternative, and plant preferred to develop fine root rather than build a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in more benign niches with higher precipitation. Also, root diameter was negatively correlated with specific root length(SRL), but positively correlated with AM fungal colonization percentage, indicating thicker-root species rely more on mycorrhizal fungi in alpine steppe. The complementarity between fine root and mycorrhizal fungi of S. purpurea is mediated by precipitation in Tibetan alpine steppe.
文摘Aim To separate and identify chemical constituents of Ehinacea purpurea. Methods Five compounds were isolated from the plant using chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. Results Five compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 2, 6-dimethyl-7-octene-2, 3, 6-triol-2-O-β-D-gtucopyranoside (1), 7, 8-furocoumarin (2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), caffeic acid (4), methyl catfeate (5), and ethyl catfeate(6). Conclusion All these compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.
文摘Cichoric acid is the main phenolic compound in the root and rhizome of the medicinal part, Echinacea purpurea that is known for possessing immune enhancing characteristics. In this study, we analysis the the synthesis and storage sites of phenolic compound in E. purpurea. We used fluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cytochemical and immunocytochemical localization to observe the distribution of phenolic compounds. Our results show that the phenolic compounds were mostly distributed in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and mainly present in the vacuoles, large intercellular spaces and their surrounding cell walls. No phenolic compounds were observed in the cytoplasm and the organelles. We concluded that the phenolic compounds were synthetized in the cortex parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells and pith parenchyma cells in the root and rhizome, and stored in the vacuoles of parenchyma cells. The above results provided significantly cytological information for further approaching the metabolic regulation and transfer pathways of phenolic compounds in biochemistry and molecular biology.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Modern agriculture)(BE2018400)by Innovation Capacity Building Plan(Science and Technology Facilities)-Independent Research Fund for Research Institutes of Public Welfare of Jiangsu Province(BM2018022-6)。
文摘Determining the responses of candidate plants to salt stress is a prerequisite for selecting and breeding suitable plants with high salt tolerance to grow in coastal mudfl at areas with high salinity.Here,2-year cutting seedlings of Ilex purpurea Hassk.(local species)and I.integra Thunb.(introduced species)were grown in pots in a glasshouse and irrigated with a Hoagland-NaCl solution at 0,24,and 48 h.Root samples were collected at 0,1,6,24,and 72 h,and concentration of Na^(+)ion;content of proline,soluble carbohydrate,malondialdehyde(MDA),H_(2)O_(2) and ascorbate;and activity of three key antioxidative enzymes were measured.Roots of I.integra accumulated relatively less Na^(+)and had less membrane lipid peroxidation and H_(2)O_(2) during salt stress,thus indicating a relatively higher salt tolerance than roots of I.purpurea.Values for ascorbate content and antioxidant enzymatic activity suggest that the antioxidant ascorbate and antioxidative catalase may play substantial roles for scavenging reactive oxygen species in I.integra roots during salt treatment.Thus,I.integra is apparently more suitable for growing in local highly saline coastal mudfl ats.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600543)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1708085MC57)the State Forestry Administration,China("948"Project:#2014-4-52)
文摘Mutations induced from tissue culture are easily to be separated,which might be propagated in the same medium,especially for the color-leaf ornamental grass,Oxalis triaggularis purpurea.Mutations of the ornamental traits in the tissue culture bottle could be investigated easily.The 35 d regeneration system group showed the lowest adventitious bud number and adventitious root number among 4 inoculation dates by 50 Gy dose of ^(60)Coγ radiation.More studies were carried out based on the 35d differentiation state of O.triangularis purpurea regeneration system.The 35 d regeneration system was then irradiated by 10,25 and 50 Gy doses of ^(60)Coγ rays.Numbers of adventitious buds and roots induced from the regeneration system were cut down with the increment of radiation doses.Seedling length was not distinctly reduced at the absorbed doses of 10 and 25 Gy,but reduced distinctly under 50 Gy of ^(60)Coγ irradiation.The optimal irradiation dose for 35 d O.triangularis regeneration system survival and mutation induction was approximately 25 Gy.The M_2 phenotypic mutation rate was 2.9%,especially,and the leaf number mutation accounted for 76%of the total mutation.The phenotypic mutations,especially in the 10 Gy group,on 0.1 m M Vc containing MS medium were recovered,which indicated that ROS plays a key role in the phenotypic mutation induced by ^(60)Coγ -rays.
文摘The extraction yields, active compounds and antioxidant properties of 50%-aqueous-ethanolic extracts of freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea flower with multi-steps and multi-batches extraction methods were assessed. In multi-steps extraction, the extraction yields of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 21.52%, 9.33%, and 2.90%, and their total phenols contents were 182.08, 176.33, and 177.08 mg CAE/g, respectively, with cichoric acid (62.07 - 66.57 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. No differences in the contents of individual and total caffeic acids derivates existed among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts. The dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamide 8/9) contents of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd extracts were 505.38, 598.61, and 585.99 µg/g, respectively. In multi-batches extraction, the extracted dry weight increased with increasing the sample batches, with the extraction yields and alkamide 8/9 contents of samples decreased from 19.93% to 12.98% and 534.36 to 269.76 µg/g, respectively. The total phenol (177.25 - 186.92 mg CAE/g), individual and total caffeic acid derivatives (85.99 - 95.06 mg/g) contents of extracts among different sample batches were not significantly different, with cichoric acid (63.66 - 70.31 mg/g) being the main phenolic compound. All the prepared extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Overall, the two-step sequential extraction is desirable for extracting bioactive compounds from freeze-dried E. purpurea flower.
基金Support for this research was provided by grants(DEB-1542486,DEB-1542599)from the National Science Foundationfrom the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture(2015-67009-23957)。
文摘Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F 2 individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea,and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were explored.Differential expression,eQTL,bisulfite sequencing,and network analysis were used to characterize sex dimorphism,detect candidate master regulator genes,and identify pathways through which the sex determination region(SDR)may mediate sex dimorphism.Eleven genes are presented as candidates for master regulators of sex,supported by gene expression and network analyses.These include genes putatively involved in hormone signaling,epigenetic modification,and regulation of transcription.eQTL analysis revealed a suite of transcription factors and genes involved in secondary metabolism and floral development that were predicted to be under direct control of the sex determination region.Furthermore,data from bisulfite sequencing and small RNA sequencing revealed strong differences in expression between males and females that would implicate both of these processes in sex dimorphism pathways.These data indicate that the mechanism of sex determination in Salix purpurea is likely different from that observed in the related genus Populus.This further demonstrates the dynamic nature of SDRs in plants,which involves a multitude of mechanisms of sex determination and a high rate of turnover.
文摘The plant growth regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) has proved highly effective on micropropagation of the medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), however, sharp variation of the effects existed among explants in the same treatment, making the application of DA-6 in micropropagation difficult. In order to clarify factors that influencing the treating results of DA-6, explants with different biomass dosage were prepared and inoculated onto medium supplemented with different concentrations of DA-6. It was found that among the three kinds of biomass dosage explants, the lowest biomass explants required the lowest concentration of DA-6, and the highest biomass explants required the highest concentration of DA-6 for the best results on adventitious buds regeneration. Similar results were obtained when regenerated buds of three different biomass dosages were cultured. It could be concluded from the above experimental results that for achieving better DA-6 application results, the concentration of DA-6 should be determined not only by the types but also by the biomass dosage of the explants. The present finding might help to improve the micropropagation efficiency in E. purpurea, and might be applicable for other species
文摘Anthersisolated from tetraploid purple coneflowerplants were cultured in vitro. The highest callus induction rate was obtained when the medium was consisted of N6 basal elements, 4% sucrose, 0.5 mg?L?1 BA, and 0.10 mg?L?1 NAA. Various morphogenesis such as globular, heart-shape, torpedo-shapeand final state embryos as well asvarious texture calluses around were observed. Out of 110 plantlets regenerated, 104 were confirmed as diploid and the rest were as tetraploid. Plants of one diploid offspring strain presented aspecialcharacter in pot: unlike the original tetraploid plants, it grown tubular, bisexual ray florets. The results obtained in the present studies indicated that although the tetraploid purple coneflower plants produced only diploid microspores, the recovery of some useful mutants through in vitro anther cultures might be reasonably expected.
文摘Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) is an immunostimulating drug, containing multiple substances. The most important substance in activity is polysaccharide, caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid), alkamides and glycoproteins. It is not clear yet, which substances are responsible for activity. Cichoric acid is an appropriate marker of the quality of Echinacea purpurea containing product, because it has immune stimulatory effects and it is susceptible to degradation. In this study a TLC scanner system and HPLC method has been used for identification and determination of cichoric acid in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea. The results showed that the cichoric acid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Iran is about 1.50 ±0.65% (w/w) which is comparable with cichoric acid content in native plants. The local conditions have no significant effect on cichoric acid content as a biomarker of Echinacea purpurea quality.