云南蒙自方言中的撮口呼

蒙自县位于云南省的南部,没有撮口呼或者撮口呼变成齐齿呼是蒙自方言最重要的特点之一。结合蒙自方言形成的基础,通过实地调查分析,揭示出撮口呼在云南蒙自方言中读为齐齿呼的规律,并初步探讨产生这种现象的原因。

腹腔镜下脐内侧襞荷包缝合联合内环口高位结扎治疗小儿巨大腹股沟疝的效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下脐内侧襞荷包缝合联合内环口高位结扎治疗小儿巨大腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法选择我院2012年2月~2014年6月收治的单侧巨大腹股沟疝患儿80例,按照随机数字法分为两组,各40例,对照组实施开放疝囊高位结扎或修补术,观察组实施腹腔镜双荷包加缝脐内侧襞内环口高位结扎术。对所有患儿随访1年,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量及总住院时间,统计两组并发症情况、术后肛门排气时间、下床时间及术后复发情况。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组（P〈0.05）,术中出血量少于对照组（P〈0.05）,总住院时间短于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组发生术后腹膜后血肿、鞘膜积液、阴囊肿胀及皮下气肿等的总发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组术后肛门排气时间、下床时间均早于对照组（P〈0.05）,术后复发率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜下双荷包加缝脐内侧襞内环口高位结扎术治疗小儿巨大腹股沟疝,手术时间短,术中出血少,且能显著减少并发症,提高患者术后恢复效率,尤其适用于巨大腹股沟疝患儿。

云南石屏方言中的撮口呼研究

传统观点认为,云南方言的一个主要特点是大部分地区没有撮口呼,在滇中小片和滇南小片的方言中,只有滇南小片的石屏县的方言具有撮口呼。通过对历史材料的分析,并将石屏与蒙自、建水两个代表区域进行比较,可以发现,这一观点是值得商榷的。石屏方言的撮口呼应当分为y介音韵母和y韵母两类,y介音韵母在滇南地区并不鲜见,往往随着相关声母一起变化,而y韵母受语音系统整体链移的影响,没有并入齐齿。

Achievements, challenges and prospects for the development of broadly protective multivalent vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a significant health concern in the Asia–Pacific regions for infants and young children in recent years. However, no vaccines or therapeutics are available at present. The causative agents for HFMD include human enterovirus 71(EV71), coxsackievirus A16(CVA16) and some other viruses. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in the development of monovalent and bivalent vaccines against HFMD. A few neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against EV71 or CVA16 have been identified and characterized. Here, we reviewed some achievements for the development of broadly protective vaccines and neutralizing antibodies against HFMD, and discussed challenges and prospects toward broadly protective multivalent vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against HFMD.