The control of welding wire feed self-adaptive mechanism based on fuzzy PID

The welding wire feed mechanism is an important component of welding equipment, both reliability and stabilization are the premise that the welding quality can be ensured. The PID is currently adapted to control the welding wire feed mechanism, although the fuzzy PID has advantage of fast response and adaptation, the precision of fuzzy PID is lower. Accordingly, the fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller was proposed through changing fuzzy input variables and output variables based on variable universe, simple furwtion is adopted as scaling factor, the fuzzy PID controller parameters are adjusted to improve the precision and adjustment range. Simulation results show that control effects of fuzzy self-adaptive PID adopted by the welding wire feed mechanism have good adaptive ability and robustness based on variable universe, the welding experiments indicate that the welding quality met the requirements actually.

STUDYONANEWKINDOFPOWDER－FEEDINGAPPARATUSOFFLUX－COREDWIREPRODUCTIONLINE

A set of electromagnetic vibration powder feeding apparatus of the flux cored wire production line and its single chip controlling system have been designed in this paper. The parameters of the electromagnatic vibration powder feeding apparatus have been tested, the functional relation between powder feeding velocity V L and current I has been made out so that the controlling system can not only automatically make out the quantity of the powder according to the width of the steel belt, powder density, production speed and filling ratio, but also adjust the powder feeding speed according to the real production speed, keeping a stable filling ratio.

DRAWING OF ALUMINUM-CLAD STEEL WIRE BY FORCE-FEED LUBRICATION

The force feed lubrication method is used for drawing aluminum clad steel wire. It is studied how deformation of wire and aspect of the lubricant film are influenced by the die angle, the reduction, the drawing speed and the gap between pressure die and wire. It has been concluded that when the factors above mentioned promote to thicken lubricant film, the drawing force is reduced and this favors the homogenous deformation of aluminum coating and steel core.

The alternate wire-feed control in the automatic CO_2 arc welding

In the automatic CO_2 arc welding, the alteration of the vertical distance between the welding torch and the workpiece has a strong effect on the welding parameters such as welding current and voltage, with the result that the appearance and quality of weld are not steady. To weaken the influence of the distance alteration, a method is put forward in the paper. The method is that the alternate wire-feed control is used for compensating the welding current. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a static numerical model for alternate wire-feed control is established. The experiments show that the model-based regulation of the wire feed rate can compensate the welding current and ensure the appearance of weld. When the alteration of vertical distance between the torch and the workpiece is greater, not only is the wire feed rate regulated, but the output voltage of the power source is adjusted to ensure the appearance and quality of weld.

Research of novel oscillating wire feeding system using the AC servo motor

With the background of the control of additional mechanical force droplet transfer in MIG/MAG welding, regarding the AC servo motor as core, a novel oscillating wire feeding system has been developed with excellent performances of control and dynamic acceleration which is tested. System constitution and operation principle are introduced in this paper. Influences of parameters on dynamic acceleration performance are analyzed and discussed emphatically, such as oscillating frequency, oscillating amplitude and draw-back speed. Experimental result indicates that according to the technique of welding control, the novel wire feeding system responds rapidly to various kinds of control orders of wire feeding and draw-back, and realizes flexible control of welding wire axial movement, including dynamic shifting,oscillating and so on.

The validating and identifying of the droplet transfer character signal from arc light in oscillating wire feed mode

The character of droplet transfer arc light sense signal is studied and validated in oscillating feed mode. And a novel mini photoelectric arc light sensor together with the controlling circuit used to automatically stabilize the signal range is developed. Further more the automatically identifying of the droplet transfer character signal from arc light is realized reliably.

Alterative wire-feed system based on arc voltage negative feedback

Waveform control method was commonly adopted to reduce the spatter of CO2 arc welding and improve the weld formation. It certainly would reduce the self-regulation ability of arc due to the adoption of segmented constant current control which especially led to arc＂ blowout with the abrupt change oat＂ arc＂ length or downward welding. Therefore alterative wire-feed system based on arc voltage negative feedback was put forward to improve the .stability of arc＂ length in this paper. Double closed-loop and double fuzzy P1 regulation were adopted in this system. Fuzzy control of induced voltage was adopted in the inner-loop which improved the stability and fast response of wire-feed system. Fuzz）＂ control of arc＂ voltage negative feedback was used in the outer-loop whose output .served as the input of negative feedback regulation of inner-loop induced voltage. This method could remain arc＂ length and weld penetration unchan, ged on the basils of reducing spatter and improving formation and it was proved by downward welding tests.

Evaluation of a new method for placing nasojejunal feeding tubes

AIM:To compare fluoroscopic, endoscopic and guide wire assistance with ultraslim gastroscopy for placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes. METHODS:The information regarding nasojejunal tube placement procedures was retrieved using the gastrointestinal tract database at Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College. Records from 81 patients who underwent nasojejunal tubes placement by different techniques between 2004 and 2011 were reviewed for procedure success and tube-related outcomes. RESULTS:Nasojejunal feeding tubes were successfully placed in 78 (96.3%) of 81 patients. The success rate by fluoroscopy was 92% (23 of 25), by endoscopic technique 96.3% (26 of 27), and by guide wire assistance (whether via transnasal or transoral insertion)100% (23/23, 6/6). The average time for successful placement was 14.9 ± 2.9 min for fluoroscopic placement, 14.8 ± 4.9 min for endoscopic placement, 11.1 ± 2.2 min for guide wire assistance with transnasal gastroscopic placement, and 14.7 ± 1.2 min for transoral gastroscopic placement. Statistically, the duration for the third method was significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with the other three methods. Transnasal placement over a guidewire was significantly faster (P < 0.05) than any of the other approaches. CONCLUSION:Guide wire assistance with transnasal insertion of nasojejunal feeding tubes represents a safe, quick and effective method for providing enteral nutrition.

Analysis of metal transfer during electron beam welding with filler wire

The metal transfer mode of electron beam welding （EBW） with filler wire was studied experimentally. The spatial position between the electron beam and the filler wire was defined. Basing on the charge coupled device （CCD） visual sensing system, the metal transfer mode of filler wire was investigated. The results showed that there were five transfer modes during EBW process due to different wire feed rates and spatial positions between beam and filler wire, such as short-circuiting mode, molten metal bridge mode, small droplet mode, big droplet mode and mixed mode. By comparing the weld appearance of different transfer modes, the molten metal bridge transfer was proved to be the best transfer mode.

激光送丝熔覆高锰钢涂层的显微组织及超声滚压硬化机理

为了维持高锰钢部件优异的形变硬化能力,提出了高锰钢涂层的激光送丝熔覆技术。使用激光送丝熔覆技术在Mn13钢板上制备了高锰钢涂层,并通过超声滚压技术对熔覆层表面进行形变硬化处理。分析了超声滚压前后高锰钢熔覆层的显微组织、相组成和力学性能,揭示了高锰钢熔覆层的超声滚压硬化机理。研究结果表明,激光送丝熔覆高锰钢涂层的显微组织为枝晶结构,且在枝晶间存在Mn、C元素的成分偏析;超声滚压过程中未出现相变,超声滚压后涂层的硬度、耐磨性均大幅提高;初始高锰钢涂层内部存在的C、Mn的枝晶偏析、位错和孪晶在超声滚压过程中严重阻碍了位错的运动,从而增大了位错的密度;由于高锰钢的孪晶诱导塑性变形效应,超声滚压后涂层内部会产生大量的形变孪晶,形变孪晶之间的相互作用进一步增强了高锰钢熔覆层的形变硬化能力。激光送丝熔覆为大型高锰钢部件表面的高性能修复提供了技术基础。

激光旁轴送气结构设计与分析

目的通过了解激光增材技术,设计一种送丝送气一体化机构,并建立相应模型。方法通过对不同送丝送气机构进行对比分析,设计出3种方案,并通过流体模型分析保护气体氩气的流动情况,最终得出最合理的安装位置。第1种方案是采用送丝机构与送气机构对冲的两轴送丝送气设计方案;第2种方案是采用送丝机构与送气机构同路的设计方案;第3种方案是选择两路送气机构与送丝机成夹角对冲的设计方案。结果在第1种方案中,送丝机构与送气机构的对冲会导致气流紊乱,产生气体流动扩散现象,可以明显看到有一个保护气体比较密集的区域。在第2种方案中,当送丝机构与送气机构同路时,在工作过程中有可能出现防氧化效果不够好的情况。在第3种方案中,两路送气机构与送丝机成夹角对冲可以有效控制氩气的流动,提高氩气的利用率,在这里进行丝材的激光熔覆将会起到最大的防氧化保护作用。结论通过对不同送丝送气机构进行对比分析,最终确定三路送气方案的保护效果最佳。

基于工程应用的CW-GMAW熔滴过渡形态表征

综述了涉及工程应用的冷丝熔化极气体保护焊(Cold wire gas metal arc welding,CW-GMAW)熔滴过渡形态特征。结果表明,在大电流、强规范、富氩混合气体保护下,CW-GMAW工艺的熔滴过渡形态呈喷射过渡;当电流较小、电弧电压较低时,可能为滴状过渡,甚至在弧压很低时,呈现短路过渡形态。该工艺电弧发生偏向冷丝的位移,弧长变短甚至发生短路,与冷丝送进速率比增高及冷丝在电弧中产生大量金属蒸气时弧柱电阻下降有关。在具有富氩混合保护气体的相同工艺参数下,CWGMAW转变电流比GMAW降低了4%~7%。焊接工艺参数对CW-GMAW和GMAW工艺熔滴过渡形态的影响规律大致相近,但前者因涉及冷丝送进速率比和电极焊丝送进速度,以及它们的匹配等,使焊接电流的影响更为复杂。

送丝速度对铝/钢激光熔钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用ER2319焊丝进行了6061-T6铝合金/Q235镀锌钢光纤激光熔钎焊接,分析了送丝速度对接头成型、显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:当激光功率为1.2 kW,焊接速度为1.2 m/min时,送丝速度在1.2~3.0 m/min范围内均可获得有效接头。接头的抗拉强度随着送丝速度的增加呈现先上升后减小的趋势,当送丝速度为2.4 m/min时平均抗拉强度达到最大值,为116.15 MPa。当送丝速度为1.8、2.4 m/min时,接头的上下表面的金属间化合物层可控制在10μm以内,而对接界面处的金属间化合物层厚度随着送丝速度的改变变化不明显,对接界面的IMC层主要由FeAl、FeAl_(2)、Fe_(4)Al_(13)相组成。接头的断裂形式为典型的解理断裂模式,而位于润湿铺展在钢表面的铝合金处则为韧性断裂。

送丝角度与方式对激光熔丝单道沉积层成形的影响

为了研究旁轴激光熔丝增材制造过程中,焊丝送入熔池的方位对沉积层成形的影响,进行了不同送丝角度和送丝方式下的单道激光熔丝沉积试验,分析对比了沉积层的层宽、层高、表面粗糙度、截面形貌和基板熔深随送丝角度和送丝方式的变化规律.结果表明,旁轴送丝的送丝角度和送丝方式对激光熔丝单道沉积层的成形都有一定影响,且送丝方式大于送丝角度对沉积层尺寸和形状的影响;随着送丝角度的增大,3种送丝方式的基板熔深都逐渐减小,前置送丝和后置送丝沉积层的层宽逐渐减小,层高逐渐增大,而侧置送丝沉积层的层宽、层高和表面粗糙度则变化较小;前置送丝和后置送丝沉积层的截面形状呈对称的圆弧形,侧置送丝沉积层的截面形状不对称,最高点偏向焊丝一侧.

电子束熔丝增材制造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金研究进展

电子束熔丝增材制造技术因其电子束能量密度高、所处真空环境等优势,逐渐成为金属增材制造领域的研究热点之一。回顾了电子束熔丝增材制造技术的发展历程及现状,介绍了一种新型电子束熔丝增材制造技术——同轴送丝电子束熔丝增材制造。结合作者课题组近几年的研究工作,针对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形缺陷、显微组织及力学性能,对传统电子束熔丝增材制造技术和同轴送丝电子束熔丝增材制造技术进行了对比论述,其中同轴送丝电子束熔丝增材制造有望沉积β晶粒更细、更等轴的钛合金构件。最后结合当前研究存在的不足,对电子束熔丝增材制造的发展给出了建议。

机器人搅拌摩擦填丝焊5A06铝合金接头力学性能及腐蚀行为

针对搅拌摩擦焊过程中大型及复杂结构由于装配及加工精度等原因存在焊接间隙的问题,导致焊缝成形差及接头力学性能下降,提出机器人搅拌摩擦填丝焊新方法,实现了2 mm间隙下3 mm厚5A06铝合金板材的填丝焊.结果表明,填充材料与基材实现了良好的冶金连接,获得了无缺陷的焊缝.焊接接头抗拉强度达到388.9 MPa±1.4 MPa,为母材的99%,消除了间隙对焊接质量带来的不利影响.剧烈的塑性变形使焊核区材料及填充材料均发生动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶粒.盐雾腐蚀试验表明,焊核区和填充材料区细小而弥散分布的第二相使其耐蚀性优于热影响区与母材,填充材料增强了焊核区的耐蚀性,热影响区表面发生点蚀成为裂纹起裂位置,焊接接头强度降低为356.6 MPa±1.2 MPa,为母材的91%.

高氮不锈钢光丝同轴激光增材组织与性能研究

为研究光丝同轴激光增材技术在制备高氮不锈钢块体材料中的应用潜力,采用直径1.2 mm、氮含量为0.71 wt.%的高氮钢丝材,通过光丝同轴激光增材技术进行多道多层增材试验。利用工业CT扫描、氮含量分析、组织形貌观察、物相分析及力学性能测试等方法,对增材块体的内部质量、氮含量、微观组织及力学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,增材块体中存在少量未熔合缺陷,主要分布在底部,且一般出现于每一层的前两道附近,等效直径主要分布于200~300μm。内部存在大量细小孔洞状低密度缺陷,其体积占比为0.073%,其中约90%的等效直径区间为1.5~7.5μm。中部和顶部的氮含量都在0.66 wt.%以上,氮损失均低于7.5%;底部氮含量降至0.58 wt.%,氮损失为19%。物相分析表明,增材块体主要为奥氏体γ-Fe相,通过SEM和EDS可发现基体材料中存在少量α-Fe枝晶和Mn的氧化物。金相观察发现,增材块体主要由细小的柱状晶和等轴晶组成。增材块体底部力学性能较好,中部各向异性较小。其增材方向上的硬度分布为315~355 HV,且底部明显高于中部和顶部。块体中部增材方向抗拉强度875 MPa,屈服强度为679 MPa,延伸率为50%;行进方向抗拉强度为908 MPa,屈服强度为685 MPa,延伸率为34%。此外,块体底部行进方向的抗拉强度为997 MPa,屈服强度为770 MPa,延伸率为43%。本研究证实了光丝同轴激光增材技术制备高氮不锈钢块体材料的可行性,为高氮不锈钢增材制造技术的开发和应用提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。

基于增量PID的埋弧焊送丝系统控制策略研究

针对埋弧焊焊接工艺中送丝速度对焊接效果的影响,设计了一套基于增量PID(比例-积分-微分)算法的送丝速度控制系统。该系统采用增量PID控制策略实时调整焊丝的送丝速度,以适应焊接过程中的动态变化。对送丝系统进行仿真测试和试验验证,并与传统的开环控制送丝系统进行对比分析。结果表明,基于增量PID的控制系统能够显著提升焊接过程中送丝速度的稳定性和控制精度,进而提高焊接的整体精度和焊件成形质量。该方法适应能力较强,为提升埋弧外焊焊接效果提供了一种有效的控制策略。

熔融沉积成形中扁平椭圆截面挤压宽度模型的分析与实验

目的在熔融沉积成形工艺中,挤压宽度是一个被忽视的核心参数,它不仅直接影响层高、进料速率、扫描速率等工艺参数,还间接影响打印制件的表面粗糙度、力学性能、尺寸精度和构建时间。因此,必须严格控制挤压宽度。方法首先在3D打印挤出原理、黏弹性理论和聚合物流变学理论的基础上,提出了扁平椭圆截面模型。然后将该模型的理论计算结果与实验测量数据进行比较,验证了扁平椭圆模型的准确性,并分析了误差的来源。同时在该模型的基础上,研究了料丝直径公差对挤压宽度的影响、扫描速率与进料速率的匹配范围和最大扫描速率。结果提出了挤压长丝截面的扁平椭圆模型,得到了理论挤压宽度的表达式,并通过实验验证了该截面模型的误差在6%以内,并研究了料丝直径公差对挤压宽度的影响、扫描速率与进料速率的匹配关系,以及PLA材料在不同层高下的最大扫描速率。结论为提高打印制件品质和效率提供了重要参考。

铝合金焊丝送丝稳定性测试分析

【目的】旨在深入分析影响4043铝合金焊丝送丝稳定性的因素,为铝合金焊丝产品质量检测提供指导依据。【方法】选取市面上国内外常用的5种4043铝合金焊丝,提取焊接过程中的送丝阻力、送丝速度,以及焊丝表面质量和焊丝拉伸性能等关键参数,综合分析评价送丝性能。【结果】通过测试送丝阻力和焊接时送丝速度的波动情况,得出不同厂家的铝合金焊丝在焊接过程中送丝阻力值、送丝速度的波动幅度区别较大;通过对铝合金焊丝表面质量观察分析,可以发现焊丝表面的微观形貌状态是影响送丝稳定的主要因素,焊丝表面平整度高、表面划痕少可以有效保证送丝稳定性;通过对铝合金焊丝拉伸性能测试和微观拉伸断口扫描分析可知,焊丝内部气孔少且小可以保证焊丝的拉伸性能,同时提高铝合金焊丝送丝稳定性。【结论】通过提取焊接过程送丝阻力和焊接时送丝速度的标准方差,可以客观评价4043铝合金焊丝的送丝性能,并与实际情况相符合;焊丝表面平整度高、微观划痕少的焊丝送丝性能良好,因此,为提高4043铝合金焊丝送丝稳定性,必须严格控制焊丝拉拔或刮削工艺;焊丝内部缺陷少的焊丝送丝性能良好,因此,为提高4043铝合金焊丝送丝稳定性,必须严格控制焊丝冶炼工艺。