Bird specimen number linked with species trait and climate niche breadth

Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation.However,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales.This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple comparisons.The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number.Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth.Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body size.These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch sizes.This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.

Dynamic characteristics of coal specimens with varying static preloading levels under low-frequency disturbance load

The mechanical properties of residual coal pillars under the influence of upward mining disturbances significantly affect the safety of residual mining activities on working faces.This study conducted low-frequency disturbance dynamic uniaxial compression tests on coal specimens using a self-developed dynamic-static load coupling electro-hydraulic servo system,and studied the strength evolutions,surface deformations,acoustic emission(AE)characteristic parameters,and the failure modes of coal specimens with different static preloading levels were studied.The disturbance damage is positively correlated with the coal specimen static preload level.Specifically,the cumulative AE count rates of the initial accelerated damage stage for the coal specimens with static preloading level of 60%and 70%of the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)were 2.66 and 3.19 times that of the 50%UCS specimens,respectively.Macroscopically,this behaviour manifested as a decrease in the compressive strength,and the mean strengths of the disturbance-damaged coal specimens with 60%and 70%of UCS static preloading decreased by 8.53%and 9.32%,respectively,compared to those of the specimens under pure static loading.The crack sources,such as the primary fissures,strongly control the dynamic response of the coal specimen.The difference between the dynamic responses of the coal specimens and that of dense rocks is significant.

Species’ geographical range, environmental range and traits lead to specimen collection preference of dominant plant species of grasslands in Northern China

Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.

Direct Pointwise Comparison of FE Predictions to StereoDIC Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notched Tensile Specimen

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is developed.The procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric coordinates.For an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress specimen.Using Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

Perioperative outcomes of transvaginal specimen extraction laparoscopic total gastrectomy and conventional laparoscopicassisted total gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has emerged as a promising alternative compared to conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(LATG)for treating gastric cancer(GC).However,evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of NOSES for GC surgery is limited.This study aimed to compare the safety and feasibility,in addition to postoperative complications of NOSES and LATG.METHODS Dual circular staplers were used in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction for transvaginal specimen extraction LATG,and its outcomes were compared with LATG in a cohort of 51 GC patients with tumor size≤5 cm.The study was conducted from May 2018 to September 2020,and patients were categorized into the NOSES group(n=22)and LATG group(n=29).Perioperative parameters were compared and analyzed,including patient and tumor characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and anastomosis-related complications,postoperative hospital stay,the length of abdominal incision,difference in tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival.RESULTS Postoperative exhaust time,operation duration,mean postoperative hospital stay,length of abdominal incision,number of specific staplers used,and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire score were significant in both groups(P<0.01).In the NOSES group,the postoperative time to first flatus,mean postoperative hospital stay,and length of abdominal incision were significantly shorter than those in the LATG group.Patients in the NOSES group had faster postoperative recovery,and achieved abdominal minimally invasive incision that met aesthetic requirements.There were no significant differences in gender,age,tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival between the two groups.CONCLUSION The application of dual circular staplers in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction combined with NOSES gastrectomy is safe and convenient.This approach offers better short-term outcomes compared to LATG,while long-term survival rates are comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic surgery.

Research on rock hand specimen naming method based on deep learning and Inception-v3 model

The naming of rock hand specimens is usually conducted by geological workers based on observed mineral composition,texture characteristics,etc.,combined with their own knowledge reserves.The accuracy of identification results is limited by the experience,research interests,and identification level of the identifier,as well as the complexity of the rock composition.To improve the efficiency of rock hand specimen identification,this paper proposes a method for rock image recognition and classification based on deep learning and the Inception-v3 model.It encompasses the preprocessing of collected photographs of typical intrusive rock hand specimens,along with augmenting the sample size through data augmentation methods,culminating in a comprehensive dataset comprising 12501 samples.Experimental results show that the model has good learning ability when there is sufficient data.Through iterative training of the Inception-v3 model on the rock dataset,the accuracy of rock image recognition reaches 92.83%,with a loss of only 0.2156.Currently,several common types of intrusive rocks can be identified:gabbro,granite,diorite,peridotite,granodiorite,diabase,and granite porphyry.Software is developed for open use by geological workers to improve work efficiency.

Wireless Preamplifier for the Specimen Current Mode Detector in a SEM

Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the back-scattered electron (BSE) mode the composition of multi-element specimens may be determined based on the strong dependence of emission coefficient η on the average atomic number of elements Z. The output video signal of the usual BSE detectors is produced from their sensors, and the larger proportion of high-energy electrons with modified spectrum is added. Since η = is/ip (is and ip currents of specimen and probe), better accuracy must be achieved by direct measurements those currents on the specimen surface. Here, an experimental model of a current detector for a presented specimen is described. The cage is mounted on the carousel of the moving specimen stage. The input of the preamplifier is connected to the specimen holder in the form of a disk, the diameter of which is 12 mm. When the probe along its surface scanned, the input potential begins to pulsate with a negative polarity. The output of this preamplifier is connected to a small light-emitting diode, which creates intensity-modulated radiation in the chamber. Thus created the light video signal will be picked up by the photomultiplier of the E-T detector. The modes of true SE and BSE are set by applying tens bias volts of various polarities to the specimens or the cage itself.

Application Effect of Feedforward Control in Outpatient Blood Specimen Management

Objective:To analyze the application effect of feedforward control in outpatient blood specimen management.Methods:1,200 patients who had their venous blood collected in outpatient phlebotomy room of our hospital's outpatient clinic from January 2021 to April 2021 were selected as study subjects and divided into 600 cases in the control group and 600 cases in the observation group.The two groups of patients were compared in terms of their satisfaction with the staff,the efficiency of the nurses and the quality of nursing care,turnaround time before specimen analysis,the rejection rate of the blood specimens,and the time of result reporting.Results:After the implementation of feedforward control,patients'satisfaction with staff,nurses work efficiency and quality of care,turnaround time before specimen analysis,specimen rejection rate,and result reporting time in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of feedforward control in the management of outpatient blood specimens has significant effect,which effectively improves patients'satisfaction,enhances the efficiency of nurses and the quality of nursing care,shortens the turnaround time of specimens before analysis and the reporting time of results,and reduces the rejection rate of specimens.

基于逆作法下两种框架结构柱-板节点试验研究

为研究在逆作法施工下框架结构柱-板节点的破坏模式和抗震性能,设计制作了4个节点试件,其中2个为原焊接做法的钢环板节点试件,2个为新型混凝土环梁法节点试件,分别对两种节点进行轴压加载及拟静力加载试验。研究了拟静力加载下两种节点试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、位移延性和耗能能力等抗震性能指标,选取了试件关键位置的应变片进行了数据分析,并使用现行规范公式对试件进行了冲切承载力计算。试验结果表明:相对于钢环板节点试件,环梁法节点试件的承载能力、开裂荷载和累积能量耗散分别提升了20%、25%和73.1%,环梁法节点试件具有优越的强度和刚度,在传递复杂应力方面效果更有效,协同作用更明显。

综合干预措施在提高住院患者抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率中的效果评价

目的探索提升住院患者抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率的综合干预措施并评估干预措施的效果。方法选取某三级医院2023年1月至6月的所有住院患者为研究对象,将未采取干预措施的1~3月作为干预前阶段,4~6月作为干预后阶段,比较干预前后住院患者病原学标本送检率、抗菌药物使用率、病原学标本构成、微生物标本阳性率、重点多重耐药菌检出率、医院感染诊断相关病原学送检率等指标之间的差异。结果住院患者抗菌药物治疗应用前病原学送检率、指向特定病原体送检率、非指向特定病原体送检率分别由干预前31.03%、11.03%、26.48%提升至65.82%、23.10%、48.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院患者抗菌药物治疗应用(不分前后)病原学送检率、指向特定病原体送检率、非指向特定病原体送检率分别由干预前64.66%、32.63%、54.99%提升至92.48%、39.24%、87.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院患者抗菌药物使用率、治疗性应用抗菌使用率由分别干预前的54.19%、45.47%降至47.40%、41.41%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后送检标本构成发生变化,痰液、尿液标本有所降低,血标本、分泌物标本有所提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后送检标本的阳性检出率、重点多重耐药菌检出率、血标本阳性检出率均由干预前的21.88%、4.56%、7.70%提升至25.88%、6.30%、20.24%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后医院感染诊断相关病原学送检率由干预前38.30提升至62.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论成立专项活动领导小组、利用信息化手段、加强培训与督导检查、规范标本质量、精准反馈管理等综合干预措施可提高住院患者抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率和医院感染相关病原学标本送检率,同时提升病原学标本的质量,为抗菌药物合理使用提供依据。

基于闭环理论的病理标本管理流程优化与实践

本研究依托闭环理论构建大型三级甲等医院病理标本管理流程,以保障病理标本准确、有效、及时送检,减少医疗安全隐患。案例医院通过完善组织管理、健全管理制度、应用闭环模式提供流程优化组织保障,结合基础质控、环节质控、终末质控构建全流程闭环追溯机制。闭环管理实施后,案例医院手术病理标本及时送检率提升至99.28%,病理标本相关不良事件发生率降低至0.003‰,异常病理报告通知率达到100%(P<0.01)。案例医院构建的病理标本管理流程有利于标本的全程追踪和动态管理,有效保障医疗质量和患者安全。

肺移植组织样本的采集、储存与利用

肺移植经过不断的发展与完善,已成为治疗多种良性终末期肺疾病的首选手段,但肺移植领域仍面临诸多挑战,包括供者资源短缺、供肺保存与维护以及术后并发症等。肺移植术后切除的肺组织样本是研究良性终末期肺疾病及肺移植围手术期并发症的优良临床资源。然而,目前大多数肺移植术后组织样本的采集、储存与利用仅限于单次研究,尚未形成统一的技术规范。本研究基于西安交通大学第一附属医院肺移植生物样本库的建设方案,对肺移植组织样本采集、储存与利用过程中伦理审查、人员配置、采集流程、储存方法、质量控制及高效利用等方面的实践经验进行综述,以期为肺移植相关研究提供参考。

高级别生物安全实验室实验活动评审中“高致病性病原微生物菌(毒)种和样本管理”专家共识

在高级别生物安全实验室实验活动评审中,存在着诸多反复出现的共性问题,如“高致病性病原微生物菌(毒)种和样本管理”的共性问题。在国家卫生健康委员会科教司的支持下,中国医药生物技术协会生物安全专业委员会在北京组织召开了高致病性病原微生物菌(毒)种和样本管理共性问题的专家研讨会,就该共性问题中的“双人双锁”和“全生命周期信息管理”两个问题进行了充分研讨,专家对在科技创新发展时代的“锁”的形式和技术可行性、“全生命周期信息管理”的具体内容和可行性进行了研究和讨论,并就具体的技术措施和管理模式形成了专家共识。

一种自制胸腔镜标本袋的临床应用效果

目的探讨自制标本袋在单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2021年10月-2022年7月该院40例接受单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者的临床资料,按照操作方法不同,分为常规方法组和新式方法组,各20例。常规方法组一次性使用医用无菌防护套1个,保留一侧约20 cm的长度,底部打结并内翻,用两把卵圆钳夹持袋口,置入胸腔内取出标本;新式方法组在常规方法组操作基础上,于袋口穿入一根引流管。术中标本均由自制标本袋取出。比较两组患者标本装入时间、一次性成功率、伤口愈合情况和近期预后。结果新式方法组无标本脱落,均一次性成功,常规方法组出现两次标本脱落(2/20),两组患者一次性成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);新式方法组标本装入时间平均(36.20±6.08)s,明显短于常规方法组的(57.95±6.59)s,两组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=10.85,P<0.01)。所有标本袋均无破损,所有患者手术切口愈合良好,无切口感染和肿瘤种植,并且在1年内无胸腔内播散转移。结论自制胸腔镜取物标本袋制作简单,成本低廉,使用安全便捷,能够节省手术时间,降低医疗成本。

生物塑化技术在解剖教学中的实践应用

生物塑化技术是解剖领域用于标本制作和保存的先进技术,自传入我国后在农林医学领域得到深远的发展,利用生物塑化技术制作的标本有别于传统标本被广泛应用到解剖教学中,生物塑化标本也因其无毒无味,标本结构清晰不变形,易于长期露天放置保存等优点,从根本上改善了解剖教学环境保障师生的身心健康,还解决了标本来源少消耗大的现状,解剖教学模式、教学手段也得要改变,学生的学习兴趣大幅度提高,学习效果显著改善。

基于拉剪试验的NEPE推进剂强度准则

为研究应变率和拉剪角度对NEPE推进剂拉剪强度的影响,采用拉剪夹具和蝶形试验件开展了推进剂在5个拉剪角度(0°、30°、45°、60°、90°)和5个应变率下(0.0012、0.0048、0.024、0.12、1 s^(-1))的拉剪试验,获得了推进剂在拉剪复合加载作用下拉剪强度随拉剪角度和应变率的变化规律;基于试验结果,利用改进的圆型方程对推进剂的拉剪强度极限进行了描述;并结合双剪统一强度理论,建立了不同应变率下推进剂拉剪强度准则,绘制了相应的推进剂统一强度理论极限面;最后利用建立的推进剂拉剪强度准则来预测了拉剪角度15°和75°下0.12 s^(-1)和1 s^(-1)应变率的拉剪强度,将预测结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了所建拉剪强度准则的有效性。研究表明,随着拉剪角度和应变率的增大,NEPE推进剂拉剪强度逐渐增大;通过对材料参数值进行拟合求解,建立的改进后的圆型方程和统一强度准则能够较好描述不同拉剪角度和应变率下NEPE推进剂的拉剪强度,基于所建强度准则对拉剪角度15°和75°下应变率0.12 s^(-1)和1 s^(-1)的拉剪强度极限的预测值与试验值的误差小于实际处理的容许误差范围15%。

医学院校病理实验室大体标本日常管理和维护模式的探讨

病理大体标本是病理学实验教学的重要教学材料。针对医学院校病理实验室存放的大体标本或标本缸损坏、存放环境较差、标本信息不明确、标本病变部位被掩盖、管理人员责任心差及大体标本不能及时更新和补充等问题,对病理实验室大体标本的管理模式展开探讨,通过制订并实施以下对策来提高大体标本的日常管理和维护水平,从而提升大体标本库质量。主要对策包括:做好大体标本的检查与及时修复工作、保证标本信息完整、改善标本存放环境、加强管理人员培训及建立并完善标本管理相关制度。

Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and Its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation

Objective The causal agent for SARS is considered as a novel coronavirus that has never been described both in human and animals previously. The stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and in environments was studied. Methods Using a SARS coronavirus strain CoV-P9, which was isolated from pharyngeal swab of a probable SARS case in Beijing, its stability in mimic human specimens and in mimic environment including surfaces of commonly used materials or in household conditions, as well as its resistances to temperature and UV irradiation were analyzed. A total of 106 TCID50 viruses were placed in each tested condition, and changes of the viral infectivity in samples after treatments were measured by evaluating cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell line Vero-E6 at 48 h after infectionn. Results The results showed that SARS coronavirus in the testing condition could survive in serum, 1:20 diluted sputum and feces for at least 96 h, whereas it could remain alive in urine for at least 72 h with a low level of infectivity. The survival abilities on the surfaces of eight different materials and in water were quite comparable, revealing reduction of infectivity after 72 to 96 h exposure. Viruses stayed stable at 4℃, at room temperature (20℃) and at 37℃ for at least 2 h without remarkable change in the infectious ability in cells, but were converted to be non-infectious after 90-, 60- and 30-min exposure at 56℃, at 67℃ and at 75℃, respectively. Irradiation of UV for 60 min on the virus in culture medium resulted in the destruction of viral infectivity at an undetectable level. Conclusion The survival ability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and in environments seems to be relatively strong. Heating and UV irradiation can efficiently eliminate the viral infectivity.

Transanal natural orifice specimen extraction for laparoscopic anterior resection in rectal cancer

AIM: To investigate whether transanal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) is a better technique for rectal cancer resection.METHODS: A prospectively designed database of a consecutive series of patients undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer with various tumor-node-metastasis classi?cations from March 2011 to February 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University was analyzed. Patient selection for transanal specimen extraction and intracorporeal anastomosis was made on the basis of tumor size and distance of rectal lesions from the anal verge. Demographic data, operative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were assessed.RESULTS: None of the patients was converted to laparotomy. Respectively, there were 16 cases in the low anastomosis and five in the ultralow anastomosis groups. Mean age of the patients was 45.4 years, and mean body mass index was 23.1 kg/m2. Mean distance of the lower edge of the lesion from the anal verge was 8.3 cm. Mean operating time was 132 min, and mean intraoperative blood loss was 84 mL. According to the principle of rectal cancer surgery, we performed D2 lymph node dissection in 13 cases and D3 in eight. Mean lymph nodes harvest was 17.8, and the number of positive lymph nodes was 3.4. Median hospital stay was 6.7 d. No serious postoperative complication occurred except for one anastomotic leakage. All patients remained disease free. Mean Wexner score was 3.7 at 11 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION: Transanal NOSE for total laparoscopic low/ultralow anterior resection is feasible, safe and oncologically sound. Further studies with long-term outcomes are needed to explore its potential advantages.

经枕外隆凸开窗取脑技术

目的 采用新的去枕骨取脑技术,提升取脑成功率。方法 在传统取脑技术的基础上锯开颅骨,以枕外隆凸为中心向下去除部分枕骨至枕骨大孔,暴露端脑、小脑、延髓后面等结构;然后清理小脑幕,切断延髓,在颅底切断相关脑神经,取出脑组织。结果 取出的脑组织端脑、小脑及脑干结构完整,脑沟内血管清晰,视交叉、嗅束、椎-基底动脉等较完整。结论 经枕外隆凸开窗取脑技术可有效保护脑标本的完整,提高取脑成功率,对于中枢神经系统实验教学及完善人脑组织资源库具有重要意义。