A metabonomic approach involving an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS)was used to investigate the changes in the endo...A metabonomic approach involving an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS)was used to investigate the changes in the endogenous metabolites in the plasma of rats with yeast-induced pyrexia treated with Gegenqinlian decoction(GQLD),aspirin and itraconazole.The differences in the small molecule profiles of treatment using traditional Chinese medicine,etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment were elucidated.Thirty-six plasma metabolites were identified or putatively identified,and the effects of the three medicines on the thirty-six metabolites were studied.Their metabolic pathways indicated that GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole ameliorated the rats with yeast-induced pyrexia predominantly by regulating the metabolisms of phospholipid,sphingolipid,fatty acid oxidation,fatty acid amides,amino acid and glycerolipid in vivo.The pharmacodynamics and metabonomic results showed that the three medicines exhibited the therapeutic effects on pyrexia by regulating the perturbations of multiple metabolisms.The study provided a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the therapeutic effects of GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole on rats with yeast-induced pyrexia.展开更多
Objective:Labor is a complex process and labor pain presents challenges for analgesia.Epidural analgesia(EA)has a well-known analgesic effect and is commonly used during labor.This review summarized frequently encount...Objective:Labor is a complex process and labor pain presents challenges for analgesia.Epidural analgesia(EA)has a well-known analgesic effect and is commonly used during labor.This review summarized frequently encountered and controversial problems surrounding EA during labor,including the labor process and maternal intrapartum fever,to build knowledge in this area.Data sources:We searched for relevant articles published up to 2019 in PubMed using a range of search terms(eg,“labor pain,”“epidural,”“analgesia,”“labor process,”“maternal pyrexia,”“intrapartum fever”).Study selection:The search returned 835 articles,including randomized control trials,retrospective cohort studies,observational studies,and reviews.The articles were screened by title,abstract,and then full-text,with a sample independently screened by two authors.Thirty-eight articles were included in our final analysis;20 articles concerned the labor process and 18 reported on maternal pyrexia during EA.Results:Four classic prospective studies including 14,326 participants compared early and delayed initiation of EA by the incidence of cesarean delivery.Early initiation following an analgesia request was preferred.However,it was controversial whether continuous use of EA in the second stage of labor induced adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to changes in analgesic and epidural infusion regimens.There was a high incidence of maternal pyrexia in women receiving EA and women with placental inflammation or histologic chorioamnionitis compared with those receiving systemic opioids.Conclusions:Early EA(cervical dilation≥1 cm)does not increase the risk for cesarean section.Continuous epidural application of low doses of analgesics and programmed intermittent epidural bolus do not prolong second-stage labor duration or impact maternal and neonatal outcomes.The association between EA and maternal pyrexia remains controversial,but pyrexia is more common with EA than without.A non-infectious inflammatory process is an accepted mechanism of epidural-related maternal fever.展开更多
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is endemic in India with seropositivity rates as high as 10%in children in the eastern states,yet the disease is not on the radar when a differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin(PUO)i...BACKGROUND Brucellosis is endemic in India with seropositivity rates as high as 10%in children in the eastern states,yet the disease is not on the radar when a differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin(PUO)is being considered,especially in children in urban set-up.This may be because of the non-specific multitude of systemic symptoms seen in this disease and the lack of awareness among clinicians.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 13-year-old boy,who came with a history of undulating fever for the past three and a half months,loss of appetite,and abdominal pain.The child had visited several pediatricians and was even admitted to a tertiary care hospital for PUO evaluation,but to no avail.He presented to us after three and half months of suffering and weight loss of more than 10%of body weight.His ultrasonography revealed thickening of the terminal ileum.His blood culture grew Brucella melitensis.A diagnosis of Brucellosis with terminal ileitis was made.Brucella serology by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)was positive for both IgG and IgM.He was treated with doxycycline and Rifampicin along with syrup multivitamin and zinc,for 6 wk.There was remarkable improvement with gain in 4 kg body weight within 2 mo of completing treatment.History revealed consumption of unpasteurized milk and contact with cattle.CONCLUSION Clinical suspicion,detailed history,appropriate laboratory investigations are the three pillars for diagnosing Brucellosis in patients presenting with vague symptoms.展开更多
目的研究银莱汤对发热大鼠体温和血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量的影响。方法 90只SD大鼠连续测温3次,选取合格大鼠背部皮下注射20%干酵母混悬液10 m L/kg建立大鼠发热模型,随机平均分为正常组、模型组、阿司匹林组、银莱汤高剂量组、银...目的研究银莱汤对发热大鼠体温和血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量的影响。方法 90只SD大鼠连续测温3次,选取合格大鼠背部皮下注射20%干酵母混悬液10 m L/kg建立大鼠发热模型,随机平均分为正常组、模型组、阿司匹林组、银莱汤高剂量组、银莱汤中剂量组、银莱汤低剂量组共6组,每组8只大鼠。分别于造模前0.5 h和造模后5 h两次灌胃给药,造模后每小时测温一次,于末次给药后3 h取血,通过ELISA和RIA方法检测血清中炎性介质白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量水平。结果银莱汤各剂量组体温均低于模型组(P<0.01),银莱汤各剂量组血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量均低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论银莱汤对发热大鼠具有明显的退热效果,其作用机制可能与降低机体炎症反应,减少血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6的产生或加速降解相关。展开更多
Objective:To investigate Pothos scandens for the in vitro antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Methods:Preliminary phylochemicals,total phenolics and flavonoid contents were analyzed in leaf,stem and root samples.In ...Objective:To investigate Pothos scandens for the in vitro antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Methods:Preliminary phylochemicals,total phenolics and flavonoid contents were analyzed in leaf,stem and root samples.In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） radical scavenging,2,2’-azinobis -3-ethylbenzolhiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS<sup>+</sup>） radical scavenging,ferric-reducing antioxidant power（FRAP） assay,phosphomolybdenum reduction assay,metal chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging assay.The antipyretic activity of root methanol extract was studied by pyrexia induced by brewer’s yeast on Wistar albino rats at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:The total phenolics and tannin content were found to be higher in elhanol extract of stem,whereas total flavonoid content was higher in acetone extract of root.The methanol extract of root showed highest free radical scavenging activity in assays namely ABTS assay（8 221.5μM TE/g extract）,FRAP assay[514.4 mM Fe（Ⅱ）/g extract],hydrogen peroxide （60.3%） and nitric oxide scavenging assays（58.7%）.The DPPH assay and superoxide radical assay results revealed that the ethanol extract of root has remarkable free radical scavenging capacity(IC<sub>50</sub> 0.284 mg/mL and 70.84%).The antipyretic studies on methanol extract of root showed significant reduction of temperature in pyrexia induced rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Conclusions:These findings justify that Pothos scan/km can be a valuable natural antioxidant and antipyretic source which seemed to provide potential nutraccuticals for human health.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Adenema hyssopifolium(AHEAE) on normal body temperature and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia rats.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical tests,acute toxicity test...Objective:To evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Adenema hyssopifolium(AHEAE) on normal body temperature and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia rats.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical tests,acute toxicity tests and antipyretic evaluation were carried out in ethyl acetate extract of Adenoma hyssopifolium,.Two doses of the extract(300 or 600 mg/kg orally) and standard antipyretic agent,paracetamol at a dose of 150 mg/kg were administered to various group of the rats.Mean rectal temperature before and after treatment was noted.Results:The phytochemical analysis of AHEAE revealed the presence of flavonoid and iridoid glycosides as major phytoconstituents.The administration of AHEAE at a dose of 300 or 600 mg/kg produced significant reduction(P【0.001 and P【0.01) of the body temperature in normal and pyrexia rats on a dose dependent manner.The antipyretic influence of AHEAE was comparable to that of standard antipyretic agent,paracetamol(150 mg/kg),and onset of action and reduction in pyrexia towards normal body temperature was delayed when compared to paracetamol treatment.At dose of 600 mg/kg,AHEAE reduced pyrexia to normal body temperature at 4 h after its administration compared to reduction of pyrexia to normal body temperature at 2 h by standard drug.The reduction of fever was consistent in paracetamol group from 2 to 4 h after its administration to normal body temperature compared to AHEAE treatments.Conclusions:Our present results corroborate with the traditional notion of Adenema hyssopifolium G.DON that is being used as an effective cure of fever and add authenticity to claim of indigenous healers that the taxon is a potential antipyretic agent.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81573629)。
文摘A metabonomic approach involving an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS)was used to investigate the changes in the endogenous metabolites in the plasma of rats with yeast-induced pyrexia treated with Gegenqinlian decoction(GQLD),aspirin and itraconazole.The differences in the small molecule profiles of treatment using traditional Chinese medicine,etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment were elucidated.Thirty-six plasma metabolites were identified or putatively identified,and the effects of the three medicines on the thirty-six metabolites were studied.Their metabolic pathways indicated that GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole ameliorated the rats with yeast-induced pyrexia predominantly by regulating the metabolisms of phospholipid,sphingolipid,fatty acid oxidation,fatty acid amides,amino acid and glycerolipid in vivo.The pharmacodynamics and metabonomic results showed that the three medicines exhibited the therapeutic effects on pyrexia by regulating the perturbations of multiple metabolisms.The study provided a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the therapeutic effects of GQLD,aspirin and itraconazole on rats with yeast-induced pyrexia.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.81500944)the Nanjing Municipal Health Bureau General Project(No.YKK14127).
文摘Objective:Labor is a complex process and labor pain presents challenges for analgesia.Epidural analgesia(EA)has a well-known analgesic effect and is commonly used during labor.This review summarized frequently encountered and controversial problems surrounding EA during labor,including the labor process and maternal intrapartum fever,to build knowledge in this area.Data sources:We searched for relevant articles published up to 2019 in PubMed using a range of search terms(eg,“labor pain,”“epidural,”“analgesia,”“labor process,”“maternal pyrexia,”“intrapartum fever”).Study selection:The search returned 835 articles,including randomized control trials,retrospective cohort studies,observational studies,and reviews.The articles were screened by title,abstract,and then full-text,with a sample independently screened by two authors.Thirty-eight articles were included in our final analysis;20 articles concerned the labor process and 18 reported on maternal pyrexia during EA.Results:Four classic prospective studies including 14,326 participants compared early and delayed initiation of EA by the incidence of cesarean delivery.Early initiation following an analgesia request was preferred.However,it was controversial whether continuous use of EA in the second stage of labor induced adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to changes in analgesic and epidural infusion regimens.There was a high incidence of maternal pyrexia in women receiving EA and women with placental inflammation or histologic chorioamnionitis compared with those receiving systemic opioids.Conclusions:Early EA(cervical dilation≥1 cm)does not increase the risk for cesarean section.Continuous epidural application of low doses of analgesics and programmed intermittent epidural bolus do not prolong second-stage labor duration or impact maternal and neonatal outcomes.The association between EA and maternal pyrexia remains controversial,but pyrexia is more common with EA than without.A non-infectious inflammatory process is an accepted mechanism of epidural-related maternal fever.
文摘BACKGROUND Brucellosis is endemic in India with seropositivity rates as high as 10%in children in the eastern states,yet the disease is not on the radar when a differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin(PUO)is being considered,especially in children in urban set-up.This may be because of the non-specific multitude of systemic symptoms seen in this disease and the lack of awareness among clinicians.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 13-year-old boy,who came with a history of undulating fever for the past three and a half months,loss of appetite,and abdominal pain.The child had visited several pediatricians and was even admitted to a tertiary care hospital for PUO evaluation,but to no avail.He presented to us after three and half months of suffering and weight loss of more than 10%of body weight.His ultrasonography revealed thickening of the terminal ileum.His blood culture grew Brucella melitensis.A diagnosis of Brucellosis with terminal ileitis was made.Brucella serology by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)was positive for both IgG and IgM.He was treated with doxycycline and Rifampicin along with syrup multivitamin and zinc,for 6 wk.There was remarkable improvement with gain in 4 kg body weight within 2 mo of completing treatment.History revealed consumption of unpasteurized milk and contact with cattle.CONCLUSION Clinical suspicion,detailed history,appropriate laboratory investigations are the three pillars for diagnosing Brucellosis in patients presenting with vague symptoms.
文摘Objective:To investigate Pothos scandens for the in vitro antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Methods:Preliminary phylochemicals,total phenolics and flavonoid contents were analyzed in leaf,stem and root samples.In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） radical scavenging,2,2’-azinobis -3-ethylbenzolhiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS<sup>+</sup>） radical scavenging,ferric-reducing antioxidant power（FRAP） assay,phosphomolybdenum reduction assay,metal chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging assay.The antipyretic activity of root methanol extract was studied by pyrexia induced by brewer’s yeast on Wistar albino rats at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:The total phenolics and tannin content were found to be higher in elhanol extract of stem,whereas total flavonoid content was higher in acetone extract of root.The methanol extract of root showed highest free radical scavenging activity in assays namely ABTS assay（8 221.5μM TE/g extract）,FRAP assay[514.4 mM Fe（Ⅱ）/g extract],hydrogen peroxide （60.3%） and nitric oxide scavenging assays（58.7%）.The DPPH assay and superoxide radical assay results revealed that the ethanol extract of root has remarkable free radical scavenging capacity(IC<sub>50</sub> 0.284 mg/mL and 70.84%).The antipyretic studies on methanol extract of root showed significant reduction of temperature in pyrexia induced rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Conclusions:These findings justify that Pothos scan/km can be a valuable natural antioxidant and antipyretic source which seemed to provide potential nutraccuticals for human health.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Adenema hyssopifolium(AHEAE) on normal body temperature and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia rats.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical tests,acute toxicity tests and antipyretic evaluation were carried out in ethyl acetate extract of Adenoma hyssopifolium,.Two doses of the extract(300 or 600 mg/kg orally) and standard antipyretic agent,paracetamol at a dose of 150 mg/kg were administered to various group of the rats.Mean rectal temperature before and after treatment was noted.Results:The phytochemical analysis of AHEAE revealed the presence of flavonoid and iridoid glycosides as major phytoconstituents.The administration of AHEAE at a dose of 300 or 600 mg/kg produced significant reduction(P【0.001 and P【0.01) of the body temperature in normal and pyrexia rats on a dose dependent manner.The antipyretic influence of AHEAE was comparable to that of standard antipyretic agent,paracetamol(150 mg/kg),and onset of action and reduction in pyrexia towards normal body temperature was delayed when compared to paracetamol treatment.At dose of 600 mg/kg,AHEAE reduced pyrexia to normal body temperature at 4 h after its administration compared to reduction of pyrexia to normal body temperature at 2 h by standard drug.The reduction of fever was consistent in paracetamol group from 2 to 4 h after its administration to normal body temperature compared to AHEAE treatments.Conclusions:Our present results corroborate with the traditional notion of Adenema hyssopifolium G.DON that is being used as an effective cure of fever and add authenticity to claim of indigenous healers that the taxon is a potential antipyretic agent.
