Effects of axylitol-casein complex on insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in high-fat-diet+streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.

Subtraction of liposome signals in cryo-EM structural determination of protein-liposome complexes

Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong signal of liposomes under cryo-EM imaging conditions often interferes with the structural determination of the embedded membrane proteins.Here,we propose a liposome signal subtraction method based on single-particle two-dimensional(2D)classification average images,aimed at enhancing the reconstruction resolution of membrane proteins.We analyzed the signal distribution characteristics of liposomes and proteins within the 2D classification average images of protein–liposome complexes in the frequency domain.Based on this analysis,we designed a method to subtract the liposome signals from the original particle images.After the subtraction,the accuracy of single-particle three-dimensional(3D)alignment was improved,enhancing the resolution of the final 3D reconstruction.We demonstrated this method using a PIEZO1-proteoliposome dataset by improving the resolution of the PIEZO1 protein.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

The Impact of Storyline Complexity on L2 Learners’Written Performance

Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)research has provided ample evidence that cognitive complexity is an important aspect of task design that influences learner’s performance in terms of fluency,accuracy,and syntactic complexity.Despite the substantial number of empirical investigations into task complexity in journal articles,storyline complexity,one of the features of it,is scarcely investigated.Previous research mainly focused on the impact of storyline complexity on learners’oral performance,but the impact on learners’written performance is less investigated.Thus,this study aims at investigating the effects of narrative complexity of storyline on senior high school students’written performance,as displayed by its complexity,fluency,and accuracy.The present study has important pedagogical implications.That is,task design and assessment should make a distinction between different types of narrative tasks.For example,the task with single or dual storyline.Results on task complexity may contribute to informing the pedagogical choices made by teachers when prioritizing work with a specific linguistic dimension.

2,4-Dinitrophenyl Ether of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polymer Bound Anionic SIGMA Complexes

A new electrophilic polymer, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-DNP), having a degree of substitution of 0.5 was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 1-fluro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). The PVA-DNP polymer was characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The reaction of PVA-DNP with sodium methoxide was followed by NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Evidence of polymer bound spirocyclic SIGMA complex, C-1 and C-3 polymer bound DNP-methoxy SIGMA complexes and the formation and C-1 methoxy complex of 2,4-dinitroanisole was observed.

CaCl_(2)和MgCl_(2)及其复合溶液制备α-半水石膏

为提高磷石膏的利用率和附加值,采用常压水热合成法以磷石膏为主要原材料制备α-半水石膏材料,主要研究不同质量分数的CaCl_(2)、MgCl_(2)及其复合溶液对磷石膏常压水热制备α-半水石膏脱水速率、物相组成和微晶形貌的影响。研究发现,磷石膏在95℃的CaCl_(2)溶液、MgCl_(2)溶液及CaCl_(2)-MgCl_(2)复合溶液中均可脱水转晶生成α-半水石膏。在CaCl_(2)溶液和MgCl_(2)溶液中,随着盐溶液浓度的增加,α-半水石膏的生成速率加快,其中经质量分数为35%的CaCl_(2)溶液反应4 h后或质量分数为25%的MgCl_(2)溶液反应1 h后,磷石膏可完全反应成α-半水石膏。在CaCl_(2)-MgCl_(2)复合溶液中,随着MgCl_(2)溶液浓度的增加,磷石膏的脱水转化速率逐渐加快,当CaCl_(2)质量分数≤19%和MgCl_(2)质量分数≥11%时,磷石膏水热反应1 h即可形成颗粒分布较为完整的α-半水石膏。

苏北盆地江苏油田CO_(2)驱油技术进展及应用

CCUS(碳捕集、利用与封存)技术对绿色低碳转型、实现“双碳”目标意义重大,而CO_(2)驱油埋存是其重要内容。苏北盆地江苏油田针对复杂断块油藏提高采收率的技术瓶颈开展CO_(2)驱油技术攻关及多种类型矿场试验,形成了以重力稳定驱、驱吐协同等为特点的复杂断块油藏CO_(2)驱油的4种差异化模式,成功开展了花26断块“仿水平井”重力稳定驱等技术先导试验,建成了10×10^(4) t的复杂断块油藏CCUS示范工程。江苏油田累计注入液碳量30.34×10^(4) t,累计增油量9.83×10^(4) t,实现了较好的增产效果及经济效益。技术研究及试验可为其他复杂断块油藏的CO_(2)驱开发提供参考借鉴。

X连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良家系TRAPPC2基因缺失突变的高通量测序分析

目的·研究一个X连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良(spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda,SEDT)家系的致病基因及突变类型。方法·提取一个SEDT家系6名成员外周血基因组DNA。应用Clearseq遗传性疾病试剂盒靶向捕获先证者基因组样本中与罕见遗传性疾病相关的致病区域,并进行高通量测序,过滤去除高频突变。采用外显子组隐马尔科夫模型(exome hidden Markov model,XHMM)分析拷贝数变异(copy number variant,CNV),并进一步对6名家系成员基因缺失片段的拷贝数进行实时定量PCR分析。结果·高通量测序分析结果显示,先证者X染色体存在2.5 kb缺失(chrX:13732385~13734927),该区域覆盖转运蛋白复合体亚单位2(transport protein particle complex subunit 2,TRAPPC2)基因的第4~6个外显子。定量PCR结果证实先证者及其表哥均存在该缺失,先证者母亲为杂合缺失,先证者父亲、姐姐和表型正常的舅舅拷贝数均正常。结论·TRAPPC2基因第4~6个外显子片段的缺失为SEDT的致病性突变;同时高通量测序分析中运用XHMM算法可检测到致病基因多个外显子的缺失。

细胞分裂后期促进复合亚基2在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探究细胞分裂后期促进复合亚基2(Anaphase promoting complex subunit 2,ANAPC2)在肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达和其相关潜在功能机制。方法使用组织芯片免疫组化评估HCC及正常肝脏组织中ANAPC2蛋白表达的水平,并基于基因芯片和RNA测序的高通量数据库,计算ANAPC2 mRNA在HCC中的表达水平。利用单细胞测序技术进一步验证ANAPC2在HCC细胞层面的表达水平,并运用CRISPR敲除探究ANAPC2基因对HCC细胞生长的影响。使用Pearson相关分析筛选出ANAPC2的共表达基因,对该基因集进行功能富集分析。结果与正常肝组织相比,HCC组织中ANAPC2蛋白的表达出现了上调趋势。高通量数据集检索共纳入3861个HCC和3136个非癌肝组织样本,发现ANAPC2 mRNA在HCC组织中高表达(SMD=0.18,95%CI:0.04~0.32,P<0.05),sROC曲线下面积为0.67(95%CI:0.63~0.71)。在HCC单细胞水平也证实了ANAPC2的表达上调,ANAPC2基因的敲除可显著抑制HCC细胞的生长。ANAPC2共表达基因显著富集的信号通路包括细胞周期和有丝分裂等。结论HCC中,ANAPC2在转录及翻译阶段均表达上调,发挥了一定的促癌功能。

TEDC2在HCC中的诊断预后价值及免疫浸润相关分析

目的分析微管蛋白ε和δ亚型复合物2(Tubulin epsilon anddelta complex2,TEDC2)对肝细胞癌(Hepatocellu-lar carcinoma,HCC)诊断和预后的价值及其与免疫细胞浸润的关系,探索TEDC2在HCC发生发展中的生物学功能和相关信号通路。方法从癌症基因组图谱和基因表达综合数据库中获取HCC相关RNAseq数据,通过R语言和统计学方法整合分析TEDC2的表达水平、诊断预后价值及与临床病理特征、免疫细胞浸润的关系。通过基因富集分析TEDC2在HCC中的生物学作用。结果与正常组织比较,TEDC2在HCC肿瘤组织中高表达(P<0.001),受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.970,TEDC2高表达的HCC患者预后差(P=0.001),可作为判断HCC预后的独立因素。功能和通路富集分析结果显示,TEDC2与细胞周期、血管生成和脂肪酸代谢等密切相关。免疫细胞浸润分析发现TEDC2的高、低表达组间免疫细胞浸润水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论TEDC2可能是HCC潜在的致癌风险因子,与患者临床病理特征、预后及免疫细胞浸润有关,可能是HCC的诊断生物标志物和潜在免疫治疗靶点。

Synthesis, Characterization and Vulcanizing Properties of Rare Earth Complexes with 2-Mercaptobenthiazole

Eight complexes of rare earth with 2 mercaptobenthiazole, RELCl 2·RE(OH) 3· x H 2O (L=2 mercaptobenthiazole, RE= La～Gd, Y, except for Pm, x =0, 2～4), were synthesized in unhydrous ethanol and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermal analyses. The results show that the ligand is coordinated to the RE ion through both the exocyclic sulfur and the thiazole nitrogen. The vulcanizing properties of the La complex as accelerator were studied in the traditional tire rubber, which indicate that the cross linked rubber accelerated by the rare earth complex has good physical and dynamic mechanical properties by comparison.

Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of Lanthanide Complexes with 2-Fluorobenzoic Acid and 2,2′-Bipyridine

The two compounds of [Ln（2-FBA）3·2,2＇-bpy ]2（2-FBA = 2-fluorobenzoato, 2,2＇-bpy = 2,2＇-bipyridine, Ln = Eu（1 ）, Dy（2）） were synthesized and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction method. Crystallized complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous, monoelinie system with P21/n space group. The two complexes are binuclear molecule with an inversion center. The two lanthanide ions are linked by four bridged 2-FBA ligands and each lanthanide ion is further bonded to one chelated bidentate 2-FBA ligand and one 2,2＇-bipyridine molecule. The coordination number of metal ion is eight. The europium complex exhibits strong red fluorescence. ^5D0→^7Fj（j = 1 - 4） transition emission of Eu^3＋ ion was observed.

Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Six Complexes Constructed from 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid and 4'-(4-Pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine Mixed Ligands

Six new transition metal complexes, [Zn（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n PYTPY（1）, [Cu（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n PYTPY（2）, [Co（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n DMF（3）, [Mn（HBTC）（PYTPY）]n·n DMF（4）, [Cd（HBTC）（PYTPY）（H2O）]n·2nH2O（5）, and [Co（HBTC）（PYTPY）（H2O）2]（6）,（H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, PYTPY = 4＇-（4-pyridyl）-2,2＇：6＇,2＇＇-terpyridine, DMF = N,N？-dimethylformamide）, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complexes 1~5 all feature one-dimensional chain structures, and complex 6 exhibits a zero-dimensional structure. Complexes 1~5 present three-dimensional（3D） supramolecular frameworks via π-π stacking interactions, whenas 6 has also a 3D supramolecular structure assembled by hydrogen bonding. Meanwhile, complexes 1 ~ 6 exhibit the thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties.

Metal 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (Me-HNT) Complexes-A New Kind of Biomimic Enzyme Catalyst

Metal (Me=Fe(III), Mo(VI), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II)) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes (MeHNT) were synthesized and used as mimic-enzyme catalysts to mimic the active group of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results showed that Fe-HNT, Mo-HNT are effective catalysts, which have similar catalytic activity as HRP. The sequence of catalytic activities of tested biomimic peroxidas is Mo-HNT > Fe-HNT > Zn-HNT > Ni-HNT > Mn-HNT. Among them, Fe-HNT is used as a mimic-enzyme catalyst in determination of ascorbic acid and glucose by coupling the catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase.

Syntheses, Structures and Photoluminescence of the Cadmium(Ⅱ) and Copper(Ⅱ) Complexes Based on 4'-(4''-Pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Ligands

Two new metal-organic complexes [Cd2（1,4-BDC）（4-pytyp）（H2O）4]·（1,4-BDC）（1） and [Cu2（1,4-BDC）（4-pytyp）2（H2O）2]·（1,4-BDC）·8H2O（2）（4-pytyp = 4＇-（4＇＇-pyridyl）-2,2＇：6＇,2＇＇-terpyridine, 1,4-H2 BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid） have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The scrutiny of single-crystal structure reveals that complex 1 forms to a 3D supramolecular network linked by π-π stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 2 exhibits a 3D supramolecular network linked through complicated hydrogen bonds. The thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 are discussed in detail.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Properties of Supramolecular Complexes [M_4L_(12)]·(HPO_4)·(PO_4)_2(L=2,2'-Dibenzimidazole,M=Co and Ni)

Two novel supramolecular complexes,[M4L12]·（HPO4）·（PO4）2（L = 2,2＇-dibenzi-midazole,M = Co and Ni） were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis,IR,UV,and TG-TGA,and the crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results showed that both of them belong to the cubic system and space group I 4 3d.Crystal parameters of C168H121Co4N48O12P3（1）：a = b = c = 2.5104（6） nm,V = 15.820（7） nm3,Mr = 3332.75,Z = 4,Dc = 1.399 Mg/m3,μ = 0.521 mm-1,F（000） = 6852,S = 1.011,the final R = 0.0248 and wR = 0.0663 for 2120 observed reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0315 and wR = 0.0706 for all data.Crystal parameters of C168H121Ni4N48O12P3（2）：a = b = c = 2.4977（5） nm,V = 15.581（5） nm3,Mr = 3331.87,Z = 4,Dc = 1.420 Mg/m3,μ = 0.587 mm-1,F（000） = 6868,S = 1.074,the final R = 0.0443 and wR = 0.1364 for 1774 observer reflections（I 2σ（I）） and R = 0.0647 and wR = 0.1492 for all data.Each of them consisted of four M（II） cations,twelve 2,2＇-dibenzimidazole ligands,one monohydrogen phosphate anion and two phosphate anions in the single cell.The central M（II） cation,coordinated with six alkaline nitrogen atoms from three 2,2＇-dibenzimidazole ligands,displayed the expected distorted-octahedral geometry.The 3D supramolecular system was formed by the hydrogen bond N-H...O and π-π stacking interaction between neighboring single cells.Complex 1 showed two irreversible single-electron reduction processes of the central metal ion at-0.06 and-0.42 V in DMF solution.

Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Cobalt(Ⅱ) Complexes Constructed by Dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine and Different Carboxylate Ligands

Two new metal-organic complexes,{[Co2（bptc）（DPPZ）2（H2O）2]·H2O}n 1 and {[Co2（ccm）2（DPPZ）2]·2H2O}n 2,were obtained by the hydrothermal reactions of Co（NO3）2·6H2O with chelating ligand dipyrido[3,2-a：2＇,3＇-c]phenazine（DPPZ） and the corresponding carboxylic acid,namely,3,3＇,4,4＇-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid（H4bptc） or 2-carboxycinnamic acid（H2ccm）,respectively.The complexes were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,elemental analyses,IR spectra,and thermal gravimetry.1 presents unique chiral chain structures,which are further consolidated into three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks via noncovalent bonds,such as hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.2 features infinite double-chain structures,which are connected by strong π-π interactions to result in three-dimensional supramolecular architectures.

2-AMINOMETHYLPYRIDINE NICKEL(Ⅱ) COMPLEXES—SYNTHESIS,MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS OF ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION

A series of new nickel(Ⅱ)complexes with 2-aminomethylpyridine ligands,(2-PyCH_2NHAr)_2NiBr_2(Ar=2,6- dimethylphenyl 2a;2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2b,2,6-difluorophenyl 2c),have been synthesized and used as catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO).The catalysts containing ortho-alkyl-substituents afford high molecular weight branched polyethylenes as well as a certain amount of oligomers.Enhancing the steric bulk of the alkyl substituent of the catalyst resulted in...

选区激光熔化成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg大尺寸复杂构件

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形大尺寸复杂构件厚度多样、成形高度较高、方向复杂,需要研究构件微观组织均匀性和力学性能稳定性。本文以SLM成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg复合材料为研究对象,分析复合材料多级微观组织,对比不同成形厚度、高度、方向下复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合材料表现出熔池特征结构,细小等轴晶粒组织均匀分布且随机取向,纳米TiB_(2)颗粒在材料内部弥散分布。随成形厚度增加,复合材料伸长率保持稳定,抗拉强度受本征热处理影响略微增大;在不同成形高度下,复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率保持稳定;在不同成形方向下,复合材料抗拉强度保持稳定,伸长率受熔池结构影响在水平方向略高。基于以上结果,成功制备大飞机舱门铰链臂(588 mm×318 mm×470 mm)复杂结构件。

Two Three-dimensional Supramolecular Complexes Assembled by 2-Chlorinebenzoic Acid and Bis(imidazol)Ligands:Syntheses,Structures and Fluorescent Properties

Two new three-dimensional supramolecular complexes, namely, [Cd(cba)2(bib)]n(1) and [Zn(cba)2(bib)]2 n(2)(Hcba = 2-chlorinebenzoic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane)were hydrothermally designed and synthesized. Their structures were determined by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, TG, fluorescence spectroscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a one-dimensional zigzag chain and complex 2 shows a zero-dimensional structure, which were further extended into three-dimensional supramolecular structures through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions.