Therapeutic effect of Qingyi decoction in severe acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury

AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingyi decoction onthe expression of secreted phospholipase A2(s PLA2) in intestinal barrier injury.METHODS: Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, severe acute pancreatitis(SAP), Qingyi decoction-treated(QYT), dexamethasonetreated(DEX), and verapamil-treated(VER) groups. The SAP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 1.5% sodium deoxycholate into the biliopancreatic duct of the rats. All rats were sacrificed 24 h post-SAP induction. Arterial blood, intestine, and pancreas from each rat were harvested for investigations. The levels of serum amylase(AMY) and diamine oxidase(DAO) were determined using biochemical methods, and serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α level was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Pathologic changes in the harvested tissues were investigated by microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosinstained tissue sections. The expressions of s PLA2 at m RNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot, respectively. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling assay was used to investigate apoptosis of epithelial cells in the intestinal tissues. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the expression of s PLA2 at both the m RNA and protein levels increased significantly in the SAP group(0.36 ± 0.13 vs 0.90 ± 0.38, and 0.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.64 ± 0.05, respectively; P s < 0.01). The levels of AMY, TNF-α and DAO in serum were also significantly increased(917 ± 62 U/L vs 6870 ± 810 U/L, 59.7 ± 14.3 ng/L vs 180.5 ± 20.1 ng/L, and 10.37 ± 2.44 U/L vs 37.89 ± 5.86 U/L, respectively; P s < 0.01). The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells also differed significantly between the SAP and control rats(0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.26 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). The serum levels of DAO and TNF-α, and the intestinal apoptosis index significantly correlated with s PLA2 expression in the intestine(r = 0.895, 0.893 and 0.926, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Thelevels of s PLA2, AMY, TNF-α, and DAO in the QYT, VER, and DEX groups were all decreased compared with the SAP group, but not the control group. Qingyi decoction intervention, however, gave the most therapeutic effect against intestinal barrier damage, although the onset of its therapeutic effect was slower. CONCLUSION: Qingyi decoction ameliorates acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury by inhibiting the overexpression of intestinal s PLA2. This mechanism may be similar to that of verapamil.

谈轻易

本文先从历时角度追踪了"轻易"一词的演变过程,进而又从共时角度,做了以下三方面的研究:1."轻易"常见的搭配对象;2."轻易"与"不"的组合形式;3."不轻易"与"轻易不"的差别。

Qingyi decoction protects against myocardial injuries induced by severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND We studied the protective effects of Qingyi decoction(QYD)(a Traditional Chinese Medicine)against severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)-induced myocardial infarction(MI).AIM To study the function and mechanism of QYD in the treatment of myocardial injuries induced by SAP.METHODS Ultrasonic cardiography,hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,qRT-PCR,western blot,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,and apoptosis staining techniques were used to determine the effects of QYD following SAP-induced MI in Sprague-Dawley rats.RESULTS Our SAP model showed severe myocardial histological abnormalities and marked differences in the symptoms,mortality rate,and ultrasonic cardiography outputs among the different groups compared to the control.The expression of serum cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1?,IL-6,IL-8,IL-12,amyloidβ,and tumor necrosis factor-α]were significantly higher in the SAP versus QYD treated group(P<0.05 for all).STIM1 and Orai1 expression in myocardial tissue extracts were significantly decreased post QYD gavage(P<0.001).There was no significant histological difference between the 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate inhibitor and QYD groups.The SAP group had a significantly higher apoptosis index score compared to the QYD group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION QYD conferred cardio-protection against SAP-induced MI by regulating myocardial-associated protein expression(STIM1 and Orai1).

Qingyi decoction attenuates intestinal epithelial cell injury via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells pathway

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a significant contributing factor to the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).A stable intestinal mucosa barrier functions as a major anatomic and functional barrier,owing to the balance between intestinal epithelial cell(IEC)proliferation and apoptosis.There is some evidence that calcium overload may trigger IEC apoptosis and that calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factor of activated Tcells(NFAT)signaling might play an important role in calcium-mediated apoptosis.AIM To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Qingyi decoction(QYD)in SAP.METHODS A rat model of SAP was created via retrograde infusion of sodium deoxycholate.Serum levels of amylase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,D-lactic acid,and diamine oxidase(DAO);histological changes;and apoptosis of IECs were examined in rats with or without QYD treatment.The expression of the two subunits of CaN and NFAT in intestinal tissue was measured via quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.For in vitro studies,Caco-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and QYD serum,and then cell viability and intracellular calcium levels were detected.RESULTS Retrograde infusion of sodium deoxycholate increased the severity of pancreatic and intestinal pathology and the levels of serum amylase,TNF-α,and IL-6.Both the indicators of intestinal mucosa damage(D-lactic acid and DAO)and the levels of IEC apoptosis were elevated in the SAP group.QYD treatment reduced the serum levels of amylase,TNF-α,IL-6,D-lactic acid,and DAO and attenuated the histological findings.IEC apoptosis associated with SAP was ameliorated under QYD treatment.In addition,the protein expression levels of the two subunits of CaN were remarkably elevated in the SAP group,and the NFATc3 gene was significantly upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels in the SAP group compared with the control group.QYD significantly restrained CaN and NFATc3 gene expression in the intestine,which was upregulated in the SAP group.Furthermore,QYD serum significantly decreased the LPS-induced elevation in intracellular free Ca^(2+)levels and inhibited cell death.CONCLUSION QYD can exert protective effects against intestinal mucosa damage caused by SAP and the protective effects are mediated,at least partially,by restraining IEC apoptosis via the CaN/NFATc3 pathway.

从“反复出错”到“轻易不错”

综合一线教师的经验和工作积累,论述了学生在解题中反复出错的原因,并给出了解决对策.

对“轻易”在“不”前后换位的解释

“轻易”可以在否定词“不”前后换位，并且换位后意义基本上没有变化。本文从“判断语词”的语义强度这一角度出发对其进行了解释。

别轻易为自己设限

他自幼便显示出非凡的文才。成长后，除了获得法律学位、精通数国语言外，还历任当时政府的许多要职。

别轻易说“不可能”

朋友，你信吗？1加1等于1,2加1等于1,3加4等于1,4加9等于1,5加7等于1,6加18等于1.

评注性副词“轻易”的来源及发展演变

"轻"和"易"最早在先秦时期出现的时候是两个独立的动词,后发展为副词;战国时期,二词连用,意为"轻视、看不起";两汉时期,"轻易"出现了形容词用法;"轻易"的副词用法萌芽于六朝时期、发展于两宋时期、成熟于明清时期,其形成与句法位置、双音韵律、语义虚化等因素有关。

Analysis of Clinical Effect of Wumen Qingyi Decoction on Acute Pancreatitis

[Objectives]To examine the effects of Wumen Qingyi Decoction on inflammatory responses in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP).[Methods]Eighty patients with mild or severe AP were randomly allocated to a treatment group(Wumen Qingyi Decoction+baseline treated)or a control group(baseline treated).All patients were managed conservatively.In addition,the Group A received Wumen Qingyi Decoction for 400 mL/d for 7 d.Laboratory parameters,condition of disease and therapeutic effect indexes,and so on,between the two groups were compared.[Results]The recovery of serum levels of amylase(AMS),C reaction protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin1(IL-1),IL-6,IL-10,as well as the scores of Balthazar and BISAP in Treatment group were quicker than those in Control group(P<0.05).In addition,the improvement of organic dysfunction in Treatment group was better than that in Control group.[Conclusions]The course of combined Wumen Qingyi Decoction and basic treatment of western medicine could effectively adjust the body's inflammatory response to promote the recovery process of acute pancreatitis.

Protecting Women's Rights and Interests,Promoting Human Rights of All——An interview with Huang Qingyi, Vice-Chairperson of All-China Women's Federation

Women's human rights are an important component part of human rights. The Chinese government has over the years made equality between men and women a basic state policy and made achievements that have attracted worldwide attention in the legislation and practice on protecting the rights of women. Not long ago, Ms. Huang Qingyi, Vice-Chairperson of the All-China Women's Federation, granted an interview with this reporter and answered questions on related issues.

轻易的给予就是不尊重

一辆拉着慈善物资的卡车在卢旺达的街头停下，义工A下车后看到一位瘦骨嶙峋、衣不蔽体的黑人男孩朝他们跑来。顿时，义工A动了怜悯之心，转身就去拿了车上的物品向小男孩走去。

Network Pharmacology Research of Qingyi Decoction(清胰汤)in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

Presently,clinically specific drugs are absent for acute pancreatitis(AP).Numerous clinical investigations have extolled the notable efficacy of Qingyi Decoction(QYD,清胰汤)in the management of AP.However,the molecular mechanisms are lacking.Therefore,we analyzed pharmacological mechanisms of QYD in treating AP through network pharmacology.As for the network pharmacology,173active compounds and 1,073 active target genes for QYD were identified.Of these,884 active target genes correlated with AP among the 11128 AP-associated genes and were linked to the 173 active compounds.In addition,GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that these target genes were mainly enriched in cancer signaling,neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions,lipids and atherosclerosis,cAMP signaling,central carbon metabolism in cancer,and calcium signaling pathways.Finally,molecular docking was employed to assess the binding affinity between target proteins and their associated compounds.This study identified critical compounds and potential target genes.Our study may serve as a foundation for subsequent investigations on the therapeutic potential of QYD in treating AP.

别轻易哭

哭是一种罪过，我认为。至少对自己是一种极大的鄙薄和愚弄。

不要把伤口轻易示人

一个老板，因为与合作者在项目上的意见不同而争吵了起来。经过仔细权衡利弊，他决定屈从合作者的意见，可是，心里却因为这件事情而总感觉不快。

不要轻易打架

小虎和小龙吵架。“我打个电话就可以找人来!” “你打啊，我就不信!”小虎就真的跑去打电话了。

Research Progress of Qingyi Decoction(清胰汤)in Treating Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common digestive system diseases.AP is associated with high rate of hospitalization and death risk,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Qingyi Decoction(清胰汤)is the basic formula for AP treatment.Qingyi Decoction can improve symptoms,inhibit inflammatory,ameliorate AP-induced organ injury via multiple pathways and targets,as demonstrated in many preclinical and clinical studies.This review summarized the progress of the clinical studies and mechanisms of Qingyi Decoction,aimed to provide valuable research information for the future clinical application and molecular mechanism research of Qingyi decoction.

那三个字，不要轻易说出口

中学生朋友们，不要轻易说出“我爱你”! 因为我们还不具备爱的资格。我青春，我美丽，我阳光。我对你有种极大的诱惑，吸引着你的注意，你把目光都聚集在我身上，甚至神魂颠倒。失魂落魂，彻夜难眠。于是你思念，你追求，你对我发誓。海誓山盟以后，我却是出奇的平静，像是什么都不知道．什么都没有发生。更没有什么感觉。

不要轻易说不可能

曾给许多朋友测试过这道题，都说不可能得出这样的答案。你也不妨来试试。