韦伯在对新教伦理与资本主义关系的分析中,流露出对现代社会发展前景的担忧。韦伯认为,宗教理性对盈利欲的束缚与自制,同时也是一个伦理对经济的规定,如果失去了这一伦理原则,就会激化社会的内部矛盾。宗教理性对贪欲的束缚与自制,同时...韦伯在对新教伦理与资本主义关系的分析中,流露出对现代社会发展前景的担忧。韦伯认为,宗教理性对盈利欲的束缚与自制,同时也是一个伦理对经济的规定,如果失去了这一伦理原则,就会激化社会的内部矛盾。宗教理性对贪欲的束缚与自制,同时也是一个伦理对经济的规定,如果失去了这一伦理原则,就会激化社会的内部矛盾。在他看来,资本主义的发展已经脱离了宗教理性对盈利欲的束缚与自制,继而导致了现代社会的分裂与人的异化。对这一社会问题的解决,可分为两条基本思路:一是韦伯、托尼等人的集体主义方案,二是彼得·辛格、温特等人的个人主义方案。本文以前者为基本立场,从分析资本主义精神的概念出发,论述新教理性在资本主义发展的作用,以及这一危机的可能原因和解决出路。In his analysis of the relationship between the Protestant ethic and capitalism, Weber reveals his concern for the future of modern society. Weber argued that religious rationality’s restraint and self-control over the desire for profit was also an ethical restriction for the economy. The loss of this ethical principle would exacerbate internal social tensions. In his view, the development of capitalism had already detached from the restraint and self-control of religious rationality over the desire for profit, which subsequently led to the fragmentation of modern society and the alienation of individuals. The resolution of this social issue can be divided into two basic approaches: one is the collectivist approach advocated by Weber and Tonny, and the other is the individualist approach proposed by Peter Singer and Winter. This article takes the former as its basic stance, starting from an analysis of the concept of the spirit of capitalism, discussing the role of Protestant rationality in the development of capitalism, as well as the possible causes of this crisis and the way out for its solution.展开更多
文摘韦伯在对新教伦理与资本主义关系的分析中,流露出对现代社会发展前景的担忧。韦伯认为,宗教理性对盈利欲的束缚与自制,同时也是一个伦理对经济的规定,如果失去了这一伦理原则,就会激化社会的内部矛盾。宗教理性对贪欲的束缚与自制,同时也是一个伦理对经济的规定,如果失去了这一伦理原则,就会激化社会的内部矛盾。在他看来,资本主义的发展已经脱离了宗教理性对盈利欲的束缚与自制,继而导致了现代社会的分裂与人的异化。对这一社会问题的解决,可分为两条基本思路:一是韦伯、托尼等人的集体主义方案,二是彼得·辛格、温特等人的个人主义方案。本文以前者为基本立场,从分析资本主义精神的概念出发,论述新教理性在资本主义发展的作用,以及这一危机的可能原因和解决出路。In his analysis of the relationship between the Protestant ethic and capitalism, Weber reveals his concern for the future of modern society. Weber argued that religious rationality’s restraint and self-control over the desire for profit was also an ethical restriction for the economy. The loss of this ethical principle would exacerbate internal social tensions. In his view, the development of capitalism had already detached from the restraint and self-control of religious rationality over the desire for profit, which subsequently led to the fragmentation of modern society and the alienation of individuals. The resolution of this social issue can be divided into two basic approaches: one is the collectivist approach advocated by Weber and Tonny, and the other is the individualist approach proposed by Peter Singer and Winter. This article takes the former as its basic stance, starting from an analysis of the concept of the spirit of capitalism, discussing the role of Protestant rationality in the development of capitalism, as well as the possible causes of this crisis and the way out for its solution.
文摘针对Oligo(d T)亲和层析介质的吸附性能,以poly(A)为模型分子,考察了4种Oligo(d T)亲和层析介质的静态吸附平衡、吸附动力学和动态结合载量(DBC),探讨了载量影响相关机制。结果表明,4种介质的合适吸附条件均为0.6 mol·L-1Na Cl、p H=6~7;Monomix d T20静态吸附容量最大,且poly(A)能扩散至介质微球深层孔内,而Poros Oligo(d T)25、Praesto Jetted (d T)25和Nano Gel d T20等3种介质中poly(A)均主要为表层吸附、静态吸附容量稍低;对于DBC,Nano Gel d T20和Monomix d T20的10%穿透的DBC较高,而Poros Oligo (d T)25和Praesto Jetted (d T)25相对略低。经分析,影响载量的主要因素包含基质种类、微球孔径、配基密度、间隔臂和配基长度等。对于基质种类,聚苯乙烯基质可能孔道结构较为特别。对于微球孔径,应针对不同大小的m RNA分子定制不同孔径的微球,以平衡传质阻力与可及吸附表面积之间的矛盾,从而增大DBC。
