A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recur...A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recursive subdivision about seeding points. A new neighbor-finding algorithm was presented. The governing equations were discrctized in collocated conservative variables by using the finite volume method, and the normal flux of mass, momentum and pollutants across the interlace between cells were computed by a Godunov-type Flux Difference Splitting （FDS） scheme. The model was applied to simulate flow fields around a groin. The computed values are in agreement with observed data. The results indicate that quad-tree meshes have fine local resolution, high efficiency and easy local refinement. It is clear that the quad-tree grid model can offer gains in efficiency when applied to complex flow domains or strong shear flows. Finally the model is applied to flow fields and concentration fields simulation in Jiangsu Haizhou Bay. The simulated polluted area is matched well with observations. Therefore, this model can be used to predict flow and concentration fields of actual water area with irregular natural land boundaries.展开更多
Mechanically durable transparent electrodes are essential for achieving long-term stability in flexible optoelectronic devices.Furthermore,they are crucial for applications in the fields of energy,display,healthcare,a...Mechanically durable transparent electrodes are essential for achieving long-term stability in flexible optoelectronic devices.Furthermore,they are crucial for applications in the fields of energy,display,healthcare,and soft robotics.Conducting meshes represent a promising alternative to traditional,brittle,metal oxide conductors due to their high electrical conductivity,optical transparency,and enhanced mechanical flexibility.In this paper,we present a simple method for fabricating an ultra-transparent conducting metal oxide mesh electrode using selfcracking-assisted templates.Using this method,we produced an electrode with ultra-transparency(97.39%),high conductance(Rs=21.24Ωsq^(−1)),elevated work function(5.16 eV),and good mechanical stability.We also evaluated the effectiveness of the fabricated electrodes by integrating them into organic photovoltaics,organic light-emitting diodes,and flexible transparent memristor devices for neuromorphic computing,resulting in exceptional device performance.In addition,the unique porous structure of the vanadium-doped indium zinc oxide mesh electrodes provided excellent flexibility,rendering them a promising option for application in flexible optoelectronics.展开更多
无线Mesh网络(Wireless Mesh network, WMN)中,链路拥塞会导致较长的传输时延和排队时间,因此将链路负载均衡与服务质量结合起来一直是研究热点.本文针对多目标路由优化管理的关键问题,将路由问题表述为整数线性规划(Integer linear pro...无线Mesh网络(Wireless Mesh network, WMN)中,链路拥塞会导致较长的传输时延和排队时间,因此将链路负载均衡与服务质量结合起来一直是研究热点.本文针对多目标路由优化管理的关键问题,将路由问题表述为整数线性规划(Integer linear programming, ILP)模型,并将无线Mesh网络与软件定义网络(Software defined network, SDN)结合,设计了适应于SD-WMN架构的多目标函数、约束条件以及整体的网络优化模型,此外,由于该整数线性规划模型是NP完全的,本文将改进的人工蜂群的启发式优化算法引入到路由优化算法中,以获得源节点和目的节点之间传输流量的理想路径.本文所提出方法在Mininet网络模拟工具中的仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性,与OSPF、SDNR以及遗传蚁群优化(G-ACO)相比,所提出方法在丢包率、往返时间和负载均衡方面均有不错的改善.展开更多
The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investi...The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of soil bulk electrical conductivity （ECb） in a coastal saline field and design an optimized spatial sampling scheme of ECb based on a sampling design algorithm, the variance quad-tree （VQT） method. Soil ECb data were collected from the field at 20 m interval in a regular grid scheme. The smooth contour map of the whole field was obtained by ordinary kriging interpolation, VQT algorithm was then used to split the smooth contour map into strata of different number desired, the sampling locations can be selected within each stratum in subsequent sampling. The result indicated that the probability of choosing representative sampling sites was increased significantly by using VQT method with the sampling number being greatly reduced compared to grid sampling design while retaining the same prediction accuracy. The advantage of the VQT method is that this scheme samples sparsely in fields where the spatial variability is relatively uniform and more intensive where the variability is large. Thus the sampling efficiency can be improved, hence facilitate an assessment methodology that can be applied in a rapid, practical and cost-effective manner.展开更多
Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittan...Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge.Herein,a flexible,transparent,and conductive copper(Cu)metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique.The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance(0.18Ω□^(-1)),high transmittance(85.8%@550 nm),and ultra-high figure of merit(>13,000).It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability,with a resistance increases of only 1.3%after 1,000 bending cycles.As a stretchable heater(ε>30%),the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110°C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage.Moreover,the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5μm.As a demonstration,it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves.Therefore,the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.展开更多
基金Project supported by State Key Laboratory Science Foundation (Grant No: 2005406811), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 50009001) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No: BK2000004).
文摘A 2D depth-averaged flow-pollutant coupled model based on quad-tree meshes was established to accurately simulate flows in water areas with irregular natural boundaries in this paper. The grids were generated by recursive subdivision about seeding points. A new neighbor-finding algorithm was presented. The governing equations were discrctized in collocated conservative variables by using the finite volume method, and the normal flux of mass, momentum and pollutants across the interlace between cells were computed by a Godunov-type Flux Difference Splitting （FDS） scheme. The model was applied to simulate flow fields around a groin. The computed values are in agreement with observed data. The results indicate that quad-tree meshes have fine local resolution, high efficiency and easy local refinement. It is clear that the quad-tree grid model can offer gains in efficiency when applied to complex flow domains or strong shear flows. Finally the model is applied to flow fields and concentration fields simulation in Jiangsu Haizhou Bay. The simulated polluted area is matched well with observations. Therefore, this model can be used to predict flow and concentration fields of actual water area with irregular natural land boundaries.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.2016R1A3B 1908249)funded by the Korean government.
文摘Mechanically durable transparent electrodes are essential for achieving long-term stability in flexible optoelectronic devices.Furthermore,they are crucial for applications in the fields of energy,display,healthcare,and soft robotics.Conducting meshes represent a promising alternative to traditional,brittle,metal oxide conductors due to their high electrical conductivity,optical transparency,and enhanced mechanical flexibility.In this paper,we present a simple method for fabricating an ultra-transparent conducting metal oxide mesh electrode using selfcracking-assisted templates.Using this method,we produced an electrode with ultra-transparency(97.39%),high conductance(Rs=21.24Ωsq^(−1)),elevated work function(5.16 eV),and good mechanical stability.We also evaluated the effectiveness of the fabricated electrodes by integrating them into organic photovoltaics,organic light-emitting diodes,and flexible transparent memristor devices for neuromorphic computing,resulting in exceptional device performance.In addition,the unique porous structure of the vanadium-doped indium zinc oxide mesh electrodes provided excellent flexibility,rendering them a promising option for application in flexible optoelectronics.
文摘无线Mesh网络(Wireless Mesh network, WMN)中,链路拥塞会导致较长的传输时延和排队时间,因此将链路负载均衡与服务质量结合起来一直是研究热点.本文针对多目标路由优化管理的关键问题,将路由问题表述为整数线性规划(Integer linear programming, ILP)模型,并将无线Mesh网络与软件定义网络(Software defined network, SDN)结合,设计了适应于SD-WMN架构的多目标函数、约束条件以及整体的网络优化模型,此外,由于该整数线性规划模型是NP完全的,本文将改进的人工蜂群的启发式优化算法引入到路由优化算法中,以获得源节点和目的节点之间传输流量的理想路径.本文所提出方法在Mininet网络模拟工具中的仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性,与OSPF、SDNR以及遗传蚁群优化(G-ACO)相比,所提出方法在丢包率、往返时间和负载均衡方面均有不错的改善.
基金We thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40701007,40571066)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(20060401048).
文摘The acquisition of precise soil data representative of the entire survey area, is a critical issue for many treatments such as irrigation or fertilization in precision agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of soil bulk electrical conductivity （ECb） in a coastal saline field and design an optimized spatial sampling scheme of ECb based on a sampling design algorithm, the variance quad-tree （VQT） method. Soil ECb data were collected from the field at 20 m interval in a regular grid scheme. The smooth contour map of the whole field was obtained by ordinary kriging interpolation, VQT algorithm was then used to split the smooth contour map into strata of different number desired, the sampling locations can be selected within each stratum in subsequent sampling. The result indicated that the probability of choosing representative sampling sites was increased significantly by using VQT method with the sampling number being greatly reduced compared to grid sampling design while retaining the same prediction accuracy. The advantage of the VQT method is that this scheme samples sparsely in fields where the spatial variability is relatively uniform and more intensive where the variability is large. Thus the sampling efficiency can be improved, hence facilitate an assessment methodology that can be applied in a rapid, practical and cost-effective manner.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.523712475,2072415 and 62101352)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCBS20210706092343016).
文摘Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge.Herein,a flexible,transparent,and conductive copper(Cu)metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique.The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance(0.18Ω□^(-1)),high transmittance(85.8%@550 nm),and ultra-high figure of merit(>13,000).It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability,with a resistance increases of only 1.3%after 1,000 bending cycles.As a stretchable heater(ε>30%),the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110°C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage.Moreover,the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5μm.As a demonstration,it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves.Therefore,the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.
