Performance Study of a Quadratic Boost Converter

Energy is the driving force behind all economic and industrial development. Africa is the least advanced continent in terms of energy consumption and production. Paradoxically, it is the sunniest continent, which is why our objective is to exploit this energy potential in order to produce and use sufficient energy. To achieve this, we are carrying out a series of studies aimed at developing a device capable of converting solar photovoltaic energy into electrical energy. This device is a two-stage converter, the first of which is a quadratic boost and the second a full bridge. Initially, this paper is devoted to studying the performance of the quadratic boost.

Mode shift and stability control of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with ramp compensation

By establishing the discrete iterative mapping model of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter, this paper studies the mechanism of mode shift and stability control of the buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with a ramp compensation current. With the bifurcation diagrazn, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, time- domain waveform and parameter space map, the performance of the buck-boost converter circuit utilizing a compensating ramp current has been analysed. The obtained results indicate that the system trajectory is weakly chaotic and strongly intermittent under discontinuous conduction mode. By using ramp compensation, the buck-boost converter can shift from discontinuous conduction mode to continuous conduction mode, and effectively operates in the stable period-one region.

Modeling and dynamics analysis of the fractional-order Buck-Boost converter in continuous conduction mode

In this paper, the fractional-order mathematical model and the fractional-order state-space averaging model of the Buck-Boost converter in continuous conduction mode （CCM） are established based on the fractional calculus and the Adomian decomposition method. Some dynamical properties of the current-mode controlled fractional-order Buck- Boost converter are analysed. The simulation is accomplished by using SIMULINK. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and we find that bifurcation points will be moved backward as α and β vary. At the same time, the simulation results show that the converter goes through different routes to chaos.

Sampled-data modeling and dynamical effect of output-capacitor time-constant for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter

By analyzing the output voltage ripple of a buck-boost converter with large equivalent series resistance（ESR） of output capacitor, one valley voltage-mode controller for buck-boost converter is proposed. Considering the fact that the increasing and decreasing slopes of the inductor current are assumed to be constant during each switching cycle, an especial sampleddata model of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is established. Based on this model, the dynamical effect of an output-capacitor time-constant on the valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is revealed and analyzed via the bifurcation diagrams, the movements of eigenvalues, the Lyapunov exponent spectra, the boundary equations,and the operating-state regions. It is found that with gradual reduction of output-capacitor time-constant, the buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode（CCM） shows the evolutive dynamic behavior from period-1 to period-2, period-4, period-8, chaos, and invalid state. The stability boundary and the invalidated boundary are derived theoretically by stability analysis, where the stable state of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter can enter into an unstable state, and the converter can shift from the operation region to a forbidden region. These results verified by time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of both simulation and experiment indicate that the sampled-data model is correct and the time constant of the output capacitor is a critical factor for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter, which has a significant effect on the dynamics as well as control stability.

Direct Model Predictive Control of Noninverting Buck-boost DC-DC Converter

In this paper, direct model predictive control(DMPC) of the noninverting buck-boost DC-DC converter with magnetic coupling between input and output is proposed. Unlike most of the other converters, the subject converter has the advantage of exhibiting minimum phase behavior in the boost mode. However, a major issue that arises in the classical control of the converter is the dead zone near the transition of the buck and boost mode. The reason for the dead zone is practically unrealizable duty cycles, which are close to zero or unity, of pulse width modulation(PWM) near the transition region. To overcome this issue, we propose to use DMPC. In DMPC, the switches are manipulated directly by the controller without the need of PWM.Thereby, avoiding the dead zone altogether. DMPC also offers several other advantages over classical techniques that include optimality and explicit current constraints. Simulations of the proposed DMPC technique on the converter show that the dead zone has been successfully avoided. Moreover, simulations show that the DMPC technique results in a significantly improved performance as compared to the classical control techniques in terms of response time, reference tracking, and overshoot.

Synthesis of Nonlinear Control of Switching Topologies of Buck-Boost Converter Using Fuzzy Logic on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

An intelligent fuzzy logic inference pipeline for the control of a dc-dc buck-boost converter was designed and built using a semi-custom VLSI chip. The fuzzy linguistics describing the switching topologies of the converter was mapped into a look-up table that was synthesized into a set of Boolean equations. A VLSI chip–a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to implement the Boolean equations. Features include the size of RAM chip independent of number of rules in the knowledge base, on-chip fuzzification and defuzzification, faster response with speeds over giga fuzzy logic inferences per sec (FLIPS), and an inexpensive VLSI chip. The key application areas are: 1) on-chip integrated controllers;and 2) on-chip co-integration for entire system of sensors, circuits, controllers, and detectors for building complete instrument systems.

A high precision electron beam welder power supply based on buck-boost converter using fuzzy PID control

A novel electron beam welder （ EBW） power supply was developed. Compared with the traditional 3-phase contrail 12-pulse rectifying supplies, it requires a much lower step-up ratio transformer, but a much less output ripple voltage can be obtained. The design of the main circuit of this new power supply is based on PWM buck-boost converter topology. In developing the system a fuzzy PID control method is adopted because of the strong non-linearity and big signal working conditions of the circuit system. The SABER-MATLAB models and fuzzy algorithm were used in developing the fuzzy PID controller. The co-simulation and experimental results displayed that the unit introduced herein has the characteristics of high control precision and antinterference capability.

Non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter based on constant inductor current control

The hysteresis control combined with PWM control non-inverting buck-boost was proposed to improve the light load efficiency and power density.The constant inductor current control(CICC)was established to mitigate the dependence on the external components and device variation and make smooth transition between hysteresis control loop and pulse width modulation(PWM)control loop.The small signal model was deduced for the buck and boost operation mode.The inductor current slope control(ICSC)was proposed to implement the automatic mode transition between buck and boost mode in one switching cycle.The results show that the converter prototype has good dynamic response capability,achieving 94%efficiency and 95%peak efficiency at full 10 A load current.

State Variable Model for Considering the Parasitic Inductor Resistance on the Open Loop Performance of DC to DC Converters

This paper shows DC and small-signal circuit models for the PWM DC to DC buck, boost and back/ boost converters with the equivalent series resistance of the inductor. The DC voltage transfer function and the efficiency of the converter are derived from the DC model. Small-signal open-loop characteristics are derived from the small-signal model based on a state variable model. A design example proves the performance of the circuit and verification of the model.

A Generalized State Space Average Model for Parallel DC-to-DC Converters

The high potentiality of integrating renewable energies,such as photovoltaic,into a modern electrical microgrid system,using DC-to-DC converters,raises some issues associated with controller loop design and system stability.The generalized state space average model(GSSAM)concept was consequently introduced to design a DC-to-DC converter controller in order to evaluate DC-to-DC converter performance and to conduct stability studies.This paper presents a GSSAM for parallel DC-to-DC converters,namely:buck,boost,and buck-boost converters.The rationale of this study is that modern electrical systems,such as DC networks,hybrid microgrids,and electric ships,are formed by parallel DC-to-DC converters with separate DC input sources.Therefore,this paper proposes a GSSAM for any number of parallel DC-to-DC converters.The proposed GSSAM is validated and investigated in a time-domain simulation environment,namely a MATLAB/SIMULINK.The study compares the steady-state,transient,and oscillatory performance of the state-space average model with a fully detailed switching model.

Global Practical Stabilization of Discrete-Time Switched Affine Systems via a General Quadratic Lyapunov Function and a Decentralized Ellipsoid

This paper addresses the problem of global practical stabilization of discrete-time switched affine systems via statedependent switching rules.Several attempts have been made to solve this problem via different types of a common quadratic Lyapunov function and an ellipsoid.These classical results require either the quadratic Lyapunov function or the employed ellipsoid to be of the centralized type.In some cases,the ellipsoids are defined dependently as the level sets of a decentralized Lyapunov function.In this paper,we extend the existing results by the simultaneous use of a general decentralized Lyapunov function and a decentralized ellipsoid parameterized independently.The proposed conditions provide less conservative results than existing works in the sense of the ultimate invariant set of attraction size.Two different approaches are proposed to extract the ultimate invariant set of attraction with a minimum size,i.e.,a purely numerical method and a numerical-analytical one.In the former,both invariant and attractiveness conditions are imposed to extract the final set of matrix inequalities.The latter is established on a principle that the attractiveness of a set implies its invariance.Thus,the stability conditions are derived based on only the attractiveness property as a set of matrix inequalities with a smaller dimension.Illustrative examples are presented to prove the satisfactory operation of the proposed stabilization methods.

Floating Wind Turbine Motion Suppression Using an Active Wave Energy Converter

This paper proposes a new concept of an actively-controlled wave energy converter for suppressing the pitch and roll motions of floating offshore wind turbines.The wave energy converter consists of several floating bodies that receive the wave energy,actuators that convert the wave energy into electrical energy and generate the mechanical forces,and rigid bars that connect the floating bodies and the wind turbine platform and deliver the actuator forces to the platform.The rotational torques that are required to minimize the platform pitch and roll motions are determined using a linear quadratic regulator.The torques determined in this manner are realized through the actuator forces that maximize the wave power capture as well.The performance of the proposed wave energy converter in simultaneously suppressing the platform pitch and roll motions and extracting the wave energy is validated through simulations.

Three-phase Voltage-fed Quasi-Z-Source AC-AC Converter

The paper proposes a novel three-phase voltage-fed quasi-Z-source ac-ac converter topology to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional three-phase AC-AC chopper.The quantitative relationship between the output voltage and duty-ratio is deduced by investigating the topology and operating principle.It can provide buck-boost function,and the output voltage of the circuit can keep stable in the case of voltage sagging.Simulation is performed using the MATLAB software,and the experimental circuit is built based on the simulation results,the simulation and experimental results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed ac-ac converter topology.

Design of High Efficiency DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Solar Home Applications

The solar energy conversion system is very interesting alternative on supplement the electric system generation, due to the persistent cost reduction of the overall system and cleaner power generation. To obtain a stable voltage from an input supply （PV cells） that is higher and lower than the output, a high efficiency and minimum ripple DC-DC converter required in the system for residential power production. Buck-boost converters make it possible to efficiently convert a DC voltage to either a lower or higher voltages. Buck-boost converters are especially useful for PV maximum power tracking purposes, where the objective is to draw maximum possible power from solar panels at all times, regardless of the load. This paper analyzes and describes step by step the process of designing, and simulation of high efficiency low ripple voltage buck-boost DC-DC converter for the photovoltaic solar conversion system applicable to a （typical） single family home based on battery-based systems. The input voltage can typically change from （20 V） initially, down to （5 V）, and provide a regulated voltage within the range of the battery （12 V）. PLECS simulation results provide strong evidences about the high efficiency, minimum ripple voltage, high accuracy, and the usefulness of the system of the proposed converter when applied to either residential or solar home applications.

Design Method of Anti-Total Ionizing Dose Effect Hardening for Buck-Boost Converter

Buck-Boost converter in the total dose radiation environment will mainly bring the output voltage drift, linear adjustment rate and load adjustment rate decline and other effects, so that the output stability performance of the circuit deteriorates. Aiming at the problems of high cost,large layout area and poor universality caused by the traditional total ionizing dose effect hardening method based on process and layout, this paper proposes a total ionizing dose effect hardening design method with parallel monitoring and hardening, which can achieve total ionizing dose effect hardening at the circuit level without process. The anti-total dose capability of Buck-Boost converter is improved. The circuit design and physical implementation of the proposed method are verified based on 0.18 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor(DMOS)(BCD) process. The results show that the system gain decrease rate can be compensated from 19.2% to 6.2%, and the output voltage shift rate can be improved from 2.00% to 0.15% at a dose of 200×10~3 rad(Si). Moreover, the load adjustment rate and linear adjustment rate are reduced. They are respectively decreased to 0.191 %/A and 0.093 %/V. This provides a new idea for the design of total ionizing dose effect hardening at circuit and system level.

二次型Buck-Boost变换器在光伏系统的应用分析

介绍了单开关二次型Buck-Boost变换器在连续—断续导电模式下的工作状态,研究了光伏电池模型及最大功率跟踪原理,通过仿真分析,得出将二次型CDCM Buck-Boost变换器应用到光伏发电系统中可实现最大功率点跟踪与宽范围的最大功率跟踪,并且不受负载变化影响。

Estimation-Correction Modeling and Chaos Control of Fractional- Order Memristor Load Buck-Boost Converter

A fractional-order memristor load Buck-Boost converter causes periodic system oscillation,electromagnetic noise,and other phenomena due to the frequent switching of the switch in actual operation,which is detrimental to the stable operation of the power electronic converter.It is of great significance to the study of the modeling method and chaos control strategy to suppress the nonlinear behavior of the Buck-Boost converter and expand the safe and stable operation range of the power system.An estimation-correction modeling method based on a fractional active voltage-controlled memristor load peak current Buck-Boost converter is proposed.The discrete numerical solution of the state variables in the continuous mode of the inductor current is derived.The bursting oscillation phenomenon when the system introduces external excitation is analyzed.Using bifurcation,Lyapunov exponent,and phase diagrams,a large number of numerical simulations are performed.The results show that the Buck-Boost converter is chaotic for certain selected parameters,which is the prerequisite for the introduction of the controller.Based on the idea of parameter perturbation and state association,a three-dimensional hybrid control strategy for a fractional memristor Buck-Boost converter is designed.The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by simulations,and it is confirmed that the system is controlled in a stable periodic state when the external tunable parameter s,which represents the coupling strength between the state variables in the system,gradually decreases in[-0.4,0].Compared with integer-order controlled systems,the stable operating range of fractional-order controlled systems is much larger.

一种高增益低输出纹波电压的二次型Buck-Boost变换器

为提高变换器的电压增益,减小输出纹波电压及降低开关器件的电压应力,将传统二次型Buck-Boost变换器和电压倍增单元、低通滤波器相结合,提出一种改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器。分析该变换器在连续导电模式下的工作原理、开关器件的电压、电流应力及输出纹波电压。根据不同的标准与其它Buck-Boost变换器进行比较,通过对比表明所提改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器不仅具有较高的电压增益,在同等输出电压的情况下减小开关器件电压应力。最后,对改进的二次型Buck-Boost变换器进行建模,仿真和实验结果验证其理论分析的正确性及提高电压增益、减小输出纹波电压的可行性。

改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器的研究与分析

针对传统变换器电压增益低、开关器件电压应力大和输出具有较大电压纹波的缺点,通过在传统二次型Buck-Boost变换器后级增加开关电容单元和LC滤波器,提出一种改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器。对该改进变换器在连续导通模式(CCM)下的工作原理进行分析,同时从不同角度对所提改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器和其他二次型变换器进行对比,表明所提改进变换器具有良好的性能特征。最后,对改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器和改进前二次型Buck-Boost变换器进行实验分析,由实验对比可知改进后变换器输出电压增益是改进前变换器输出电压增益的(1+D)/D倍。在输出电压均为37.4 V的升压模式下,改进前输出电压纹波是改进后输出电压纹波的3倍。在输出电压均为9 V的降压模式下,改进前输出电压纹波约是改进后输出电压纹波的12倍;同时在同等输出电压的情况下,改进后开关器件的电压应力明显减小。实验和理论分析验证了所提改进二次型Buck-Boost变换器是可行的。

Assessment of high-gain quadratic boost converter with hybrid-based maximum power point tracking technique for solar photovoltaic systems

Solar photovoltaic(SPV)modules have a low output voltage and are load-dependent.Therefore,it is critical that the SPV system has an adequate DC-DC converter to regulate and improve the output voltage to get maximum output voltage.To meet load requirements,the voltage must be increased,necessitating the use of energy-efficient power electronic converters.The performance of an SPV system coupled to a high-gain quadratic boost converter(HG-QBC)with a load is investigated in this paper.The suggested HG-QBC for the SPV system at a lower value of duty ratio provides high voltage gain with a boost factor of four times.An analytical comparison is carried out with the various existing boost converters in terms of the components and the boost factor.The issue of locating the maximum power generation point from the SPV system is crucial.As a result,choosing an appropriate maximum power point tracker(MPPT)-based technique to obtain the peak power output of the SPV system under the rapidly varying atmospheric conditions is vital.To determine the highest output power of an SPV system,a hybrid-based MPPT with a neural network assisted by a perturb and observe(P&O)technique is proposed.For the HG-QBC,a comparison of the proposed MPPT with a traditional P&O-based MPPT is illustrated.The comparative analysis takes into account rise time,settling time and voltage ripples.The output voltage and power characteristics of the proposed model are analysed under constant and varying irradiation conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®.The results of a hybrid-based MPPT show that the oscillations are minimum at the maximum power point with fewer ripples of 0.20%and a settling time of 1.2 s in comparison with the other two techniques.