Bell’s theorem determines the number of representations of a positive integer in terms of the ternary quadratic forms x2+by2+cz2 with b,c {1,2,4,8}. This number depends only on the number of representations of an int...Bell’s theorem determines the number of representations of a positive integer in terms of the ternary quadratic forms x2+by2+cz2 with b,c {1,2,4,8}. This number depends only on the number of representations of an integer as a sum of three squares. We present a modern elementary proof of Bell’s theorem that is based on three standard Ramanujan theta function identities and a set of five so-called three-square identities by Hurwitz. We use Bell’s theorem and a slight extension of it to find explicit and finite computable expressions for Tunnel’s congruent number criterion. It is known that this criterion settles the congruent number problem under the weak Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. Moreover, we present for the first time an unconditional proof that a square-free number n 3(mod 8) is not congruent.展开更多
<正> A new loop algebra containing four arbitrary constants is presented,whose commutation operation isconcise,and the corresponding computing formula of constant γ in the quadratic-form identity is obtained in...<正> A new loop algebra containing four arbitrary constants is presented,whose commutation operation isconcise,and the corresponding computing formula of constant γ in the quadratic-form identity is obtained in this paper,which can be reduced to computing formula of constant γ in the trace identity.As application,a new Liouville integrablehierarchy,which can be reduced to AKNS hierarchy is derived.展开更多
Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, seque...Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, sequential Bayesian inference is an example of this mapping formula, and Hori et al. [2] made the mapping formula multidimensional, introduced the concept of time, to Markov (decision) processes in fuzzy events under ergodic conditions, and derived stochastic differential equations in fuzzy events, although in reverse. In this paper, we focus on type 2 fuzzy. First, assuming that Type 2 Fuzzy Events are transformed and mapped onto the state of nature by a quadratic mapping formula that simultaneously considers longitudinal and transverse ambiguity, the joint stochastic differential equation representing these two ambiguities can be applied to possibility principal factor analysis if the weights of the equations are orthogonal. This indicates that the type 2 fuzzy is a two-dimensional possibility multivariate error model with longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, when the weights are oblique, it is a general possibility oblique factor analysis. Therefore, an example of type 2 fuzzy system theory is the possibility factor analysis. Furthermore, we show the initial and stopping condition on possibility factor rotation, on the base of possibility theory.展开更多
Letℓ≥2 be a fixed positive integer and Q(y)be a positive definite quadratic form inℓvariables with integral coefficients.The aim of this paper is to count rational points of bounded height on the cubic hypersurface d...Letℓ≥2 be a fixed positive integer and Q(y)be a positive definite quadratic form inℓvariables with integral coefficients.The aim of this paper is to count rational points of bounded height on the cubic hypersurface defined by u^(3)=Q(y)z.We can get a power-saving result for a class of special quadratic forms and improve on some previous work.展开更多
文摘Bell’s theorem determines the number of representations of a positive integer in terms of the ternary quadratic forms x2+by2+cz2 with b,c {1,2,4,8}. This number depends only on the number of representations of an integer as a sum of three squares. We present a modern elementary proof of Bell’s theorem that is based on three standard Ramanujan theta function identities and a set of five so-called three-square identities by Hurwitz. We use Bell’s theorem and a slight extension of it to find explicit and finite computable expressions for Tunnel’s congruent number criterion. It is known that this criterion settles the congruent number problem under the weak Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. Moreover, we present for the first time an unconditional proof that a square-free number n 3(mod 8) is not congruent.
文摘<正> A new loop algebra containing four arbitrary constants is presented,whose commutation operation isconcise,and the corresponding computing formula of constant γ in the quadratic-form identity is obtained in this paper,which can be reduced to computing formula of constant γ in the trace identity.As application,a new Liouville integrablehierarchy,which can be reduced to AKNS hierarchy is derived.
文摘Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, sequential Bayesian inference is an example of this mapping formula, and Hori et al. [2] made the mapping formula multidimensional, introduced the concept of time, to Markov (decision) processes in fuzzy events under ergodic conditions, and derived stochastic differential equations in fuzzy events, although in reverse. In this paper, we focus on type 2 fuzzy. First, assuming that Type 2 Fuzzy Events are transformed and mapped onto the state of nature by a quadratic mapping formula that simultaneously considers longitudinal and transverse ambiguity, the joint stochastic differential equation representing these two ambiguities can be applied to possibility principal factor analysis if the weights of the equations are orthogonal. This indicates that the type 2 fuzzy is a two-dimensional possibility multivariate error model with longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, when the weights are oblique, it is a general possibility oblique factor analysis. Therefore, an example of type 2 fuzzy system theory is the possibility factor analysis. Furthermore, we show the initial and stopping condition on possibility factor rotation, on the base of possibility theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971476).
文摘Letℓ≥2 be a fixed positive integer and Q(y)be a positive definite quadratic form inℓvariables with integral coefficients.The aim of this paper is to count rational points of bounded height on the cubic hypersurface defined by u^(3)=Q(y)z.We can get a power-saving result for a class of special quadratic forms and improve on some previous work.
