When the classical nonlinear partial differential equations are used to model the fractal reservoir, based on the assumption of low compressibility fluids, the effects of the quadratic gradient term are ignored, which...When the classical nonlinear partial differential equations are used to model the fractal reservoir, based on the assumption of low compressibility fluids, the effects of the quadratic gradient term are ignored, which would be questionable for mixed gas reservoirs and low permeability reservoirs. To consider the influence of the wellbore storage, the nonlinear mathematical flow model of the fractal multilayer reservoir is built in this paper, with three kinds of outer boundaries （infinite boundaries, constant pressure boundaries and closed boundaries）. Using the Laplace transform method, the solutions for the dimensionless reservoir pressure and the bottom hole pressure in the Laplace space are obtained. An analysis shows that the solutions involve similar structures even for three different kinds of outer boundaries, and can be unified as a continuous fraction. The unified expression would make it more convenient to analyze the formation parameters, which greatly facilitates the development of the well test analysis software.展开更多
In this paper,the impact of a“quadratic gradient”term(one of the main scientific research fields of Alain Bensoussan)in a system of Schrödinger-Maxwell equations is studied.
A relatively high formation pressure gradient can exist in seepage flow in low-permeable porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, and a significant error may then be caused in the model computation by neglecti...A relatively high formation pressure gradient can exist in seepage flow in low-permeable porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, and a significant error may then be caused in the model computation by neglecting the quadratic pressure gradient term in the governing equations. Based on these concerns, in consideration of the quadratic pressure gradient term, a basic moving boundary model is constructed for a one-dimensional seepage flow problem with a threshold pressure gradient. Owing to a strong nonlinearity and the existing moving boundary in the mathematical model, a corresponding numerical solution method is presented. First, a spatial coordinate transformation method is adopted in order to transform the system of partial differential equa- tions with moving boundary conditions into a closed system with fixed boundary conditions; then the solution can be sta- bly numerically obtained by a fully implicit finite-difference method. The validity of the numerical method is verified by a published exact analytical solution. Furthermore, to compare with Darcy＇s flow problem, the exact analytical solution for the case of Darcy＇s flow considering the quadratic pressure gradient term is also derived by an inverse Laplace transform. A comparison of these model solutions leads to the conclu- sion that such moving boundary problems must incorporate the quadratic pressure gradient term in their governing equa- tions; the sensitive effects of the quadratic pressure gradient term tend to diminish, with the dimensionless threshold pres- sure gradient increasing for the one-dimensional problem.展开更多
Conventional models for fluid flow in well tests have not been consistent with material balance. According to the slightly compressible fluid assumption, the quadratic gradient term in the nonlinear partial differenti...Conventional models for fluid flow in well tests have not been consistent with material balance. According to the slightly compressible fluid assumption, the quadratic gradient term in the nonlinear partial differential equation has been usually neglected. This approach is questionable for live oil and low permeability reservoirs. We have already known that linearization by neglecting quadratic gradient terms may lead to errors for large values of well-test time. In this paper, a method that is consistent with material balance was proposed on the spherical flow system. All terms in the nonlinear partial eqiation were retained. Exact solution for the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation in an infinite reservoir was obtained by using the Laplace transform considering wellbore storage. Analytical solution for nonlinear partial differential equation are resulted by using orthogonal transforms under both closed and constant-pressure outer boundary conditions. The law of pressure changes for a fluid compressibility α and a storage coefficient C D were discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2008ZX50443-14)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,Grant No.2011CB201005)
文摘When the classical nonlinear partial differential equations are used to model the fractal reservoir, based on the assumption of low compressibility fluids, the effects of the quadratic gradient term are ignored, which would be questionable for mixed gas reservoirs and low permeability reservoirs. To consider the influence of the wellbore storage, the nonlinear mathematical flow model of the fractal multilayer reservoir is built in this paper, with three kinds of outer boundaries （infinite boundaries, constant pressure boundaries and closed boundaries）. Using the Laplace transform method, the solutions for the dimensionless reservoir pressure and the bottom hole pressure in the Laplace space are obtained. An analysis shows that the solutions involve similar structures even for three different kinds of outer boundaries, and can be unified as a continuous fraction. The unified expression would make it more convenient to analyze the formation parameters, which greatly facilitates the development of the well test analysis software.
文摘In this paper,the impact of a“quadratic gradient”term(one of the main scientific research fields of Alain Bensoussan)in a system of Schrödinger-Maxwell equations is studied.
基金funding by the project (Grant 51404232) sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant 2011ZX05038003)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation project (Grant 2014M561074)the China Scholarship Council for its generous financial support of the research
文摘A relatively high formation pressure gradient can exist in seepage flow in low-permeable porous media with a threshold pressure gradient, and a significant error may then be caused in the model computation by neglecting the quadratic pressure gradient term in the governing equations. Based on these concerns, in consideration of the quadratic pressure gradient term, a basic moving boundary model is constructed for a one-dimensional seepage flow problem with a threshold pressure gradient. Owing to a strong nonlinearity and the existing moving boundary in the mathematical model, a corresponding numerical solution method is presented. First, a spatial coordinate transformation method is adopted in order to transform the system of partial differential equa- tions with moving boundary conditions into a closed system with fixed boundary conditions; then the solution can be sta- bly numerically obtained by a fully implicit finite-difference method. The validity of the numerical method is verified by a published exact analytical solution. Furthermore, to compare with Darcy＇s flow problem, the exact analytical solution for the case of Darcy＇s flow considering the quadratic pressure gradient term is also derived by an inverse Laplace transform. A comparison of these model solutions leads to the conclu- sion that such moving boundary problems must incorporate the quadratic pressure gradient term in their governing equa- tions; the sensitive effects of the quadratic pressure gradient term tend to diminish, with the dimensionless threshold pres- sure gradient increasing for the one-dimensional problem.
文摘Conventional models for fluid flow in well tests have not been consistent with material balance. According to the slightly compressible fluid assumption, the quadratic gradient term in the nonlinear partial differential equation has been usually neglected. This approach is questionable for live oil and low permeability reservoirs. We have already known that linearization by neglecting quadratic gradient terms may lead to errors for large values of well-test time. In this paper, a method that is consistent with material balance was proposed on the spherical flow system. All terms in the nonlinear partial eqiation were retained. Exact solution for the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation in an infinite reservoir was obtained by using the Laplace transform considering wellbore storage. Analytical solution for nonlinear partial differential equation are resulted by using orthogonal transforms under both closed and constant-pressure outer boundary conditions. The law of pressure changes for a fluid compressibility α and a storage coefficient C D were discussed.
