An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configu...An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configuration employs two VDTAs along with grounded capacitors and offers the following advantageous features 1) fully and electronically independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) explicit current-mode quadrature oscillations;and 3) low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a design of a current controlled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator. The proposed circuit employs three optimized Multi-output translinear second generation current conveyer (MCCII). The oscill...In this paper, we propose a design of a current controlled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator. The proposed circuit employs three optimized Multi-output translinear second generation current conveyer (MCCII). The oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency are independently controllable. The proposed Quadrature Oscillator frequency can be tuned in the range of [198 MHz –261 MHz] by a simple variation of a DC current. PSpice simulation results are performed using CMOS 0.35 μm process of AMS.展开更多
The paper presents an analytical derivation of Floquet eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a class of harmonic phase and quadrature oscillators. The derivation refers in particular to systems modeled by two parallel RLC ...The paper presents an analytical derivation of Floquet eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a class of harmonic phase and quadrature oscillators. The derivation refers in particular to systems modeled by two parallel RLC resonators with pulsed energy restoring. Pulsed energy restoring is obtained through parallel current generators with an impulsive characteristic triggered by the resonators voltages. In performing calculation the initial hypothesis of the existence of stable oscillation is only made, then it is verified when both oscillation amplitude and eigenvalues/eigenvectors are deduced from symmetry conditions on oscillator space state. A detailed determination of the first eigenvector is obtained. Remaining eigenvectors are hence calculated with realistic approximations. Since Floquet eigenvectors are acknowledged to give the correct decomposition of noise perturbations superimposed to the oscillator space state along its limit cycle, an analytical and compact model of their behavior highlights the unique phase noise properties of this class of oscillators.展开更多
An innovative solution to design phase and quadrature pulsed coupled oscillators systems through electromagnetic waveguides is described in this paper. Each oscillator is constituted by an LC differential resonator re...An innovative solution to design phase and quadrature pulsed coupled oscillators systems through electromagnetic waveguides is described in this paper. Each oscillator is constituted by an LC differential resonator refilled through a couple of current pulse generator circuits. The phase and quadrature coupling between the two differential oscillators is achieved using delayed replicas of generated fundamentals from a resonator as driving signal of pulse generator injecting in the other resonator. The delayed replicas are obtained by microstrip-based delay-lines. A 2.4 - 2.5 GHz VCO has been implemented in a 150 nm RF CMOS process. Simulations showed at 1 MHz offset a phase noise of -139.9 dBc/Hz and a FOM of -189.1 dB.展开更多
This paper presents a third-order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (TOQSO) using two voltage differencing buffered amplifiers (VDBAs), three capacitors and a resistor. The new topology provides two quadrature voltage ...This paper presents a third-order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (TOQSO) using two voltage differencing buffered amplifiers (VDBAs), three capacitors and a resistor. The new topology provides two quadrature voltage outputs. The condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) are electronically independently controllable by the separate transconductance of the VDBAs. The workability of the proposed TOQSO is confirmed by SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation using Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC) 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
A new voltage-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (QSO) using two voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBAs) and only three passive components (two capacitors and a resistor) is presented...A new voltage-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (QSO) using two voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBAs) and only three passive components (two capacitors and a resistor) is presented. The proposed QSO circuit offers advantages of independent electronic control of both oscillation frequency and condition of oscillation, availability of two quadrature voltage outputs and low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE simulation results have been included using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology to confirm the validity of the proposed QSO oscillator.展开更多
This paper presents a study of fractional order quadrature oscillators based on current-controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers (CCCFTA). The design realisation and performance of the fractional order ...This paper presents a study of fractional order quadrature oscillators based on current-controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers (CCCFTA). The design realisation and performance of the fractional order quadrature oscillators have been presented. The quadrature oscillators are constructed using three fractional capacitors of orders α = 0.5. The fractional capacitor is not available on the market or in the PSPICE program. Fortunately, the fractional capacitor can be realised by using the approximate method for the RC ladder network approximation. The oscillation frequency and oscillation condition can be electronically/orthogonally controlled via input bias currents. Due to high-output impedances, the proposed circuit enables easy cascading in current-mode (CM). The PSPICE simulation results are depicted, and the given results agree well with the anticipated theoretical outcomes.展开更多
This work summarizes the structure and operating features of a high-performance 3-stage dual-delay-path (DDP) voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) with self-biased delay cells for Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) structur...This work summarizes the structure and operating features of a high-performance 3-stage dual-delay-path (DDP) voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) with self-biased delay cells for Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) structurebased clock generation and digital system driving. For a voltage supply V<sub>DD</sub> = 1.8 V, the resulting set of performance parameters include power consumption P<sub><sub></sub>DC</sub> = 4.68 mW and phase noise PN@1MHz = -107.8 dBc/Hz. From the trade-off involving P<sub>DC</sub> and PN, a system level high performance is obtained considering a reference figure-of-merit ( FoM = -224 dBc/Hz ). Implemented at schematic level by applying CMOS-based technology (UMC L180), the proposed VCRO was designed at Cadence environment and optimized at MunEDA WiCkeD tool.展开更多
Pulsed bias is an attempt to improve the performance of oscillators in integrated circuits as a result of architectural innovation. Given the relatively low value of resonator quality factor achievable on-chip, for a ...Pulsed bias is an attempt to improve the performance of oscillators in integrated circuits as a result of architectural innovation. Given the relatively low value of resonator quality factor achievable on-chip, for a specified bias voltage level, pulsed bias may result in a lower power consumption and in an improvement of the spectral purity of the oscillation. The main drawback of this approach is the need to introduce a certain time delay in order to properly position pulses with respect to oscillation waveform. Delay accumulation requires further energy dissipation and introduce additional jitter. In this paper we present a new architecture capable to avoid unnecessary delay, based on the idea to apply the pulsed bias approach to a quadrature oscillator. A ?rst circuit-level implementation of this concept is presented with simulation results.展开更多
A novel micromechanical bridge-shaped voltage-controlled oscillator with high Q value was fabricated. The core of this kind of oscillators is an electrothermally excited and piezoresistively detected micromechanical b...A novel micromechanical bridge-shaped voltage-controlled oscillator with high Q value was fabricated. The core of this kind of oscillators is an electrothermally excited and piezoresistively detected micromechanical bridge resonator. Its resonance frequency can be adjusted by changing the DC voltage applied to the Wheatstone bridge. Theoretical analysis and experimental data show that its resonance frequency is linear with the square of the DC voltage. The linearity is better than 0.16% and the adjustable frequency range excels 17.15%.展开更多
The benefits of technology scaling have fueled interest in realizing time-domain oversampling(?∑) of Analog-to-Digital Converters(ADCs). Voltage-Controlled Oscillators(VCO) are increasingly used to design ?∑ADCs bec...The benefits of technology scaling have fueled interest in realizing time-domain oversampling(?∑) of Analog-to-Digital Converters(ADCs). Voltage-Controlled Oscillators(VCO) are increasingly used to design ?∑ADCs because of their simplicity, high digitization, and low-voltage tolerance, making them a promising candidate to replace the classical Operational Transconductance Amplifier(OTA) in ?∑ ADC design. This work aims to provide a summary of the fully VCO-based ?∑ ADCs that are highly digital and scaling-friendly. This work presents a review of first-order and high-order VCO-based ?∑ ADCs with several techniques and architectures to mitigate the nonidealities introduced by VCO, achieving outstanding power efficiency. The contributions and drawbacks of these techniques and architectures are also discussed.展开更多
文摘An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configuration employs two VDTAs along with grounded capacitors and offers the following advantageous features 1) fully and electronically independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) explicit current-mode quadrature oscillations;and 3) low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘In this paper, we propose a design of a current controlled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator. The proposed circuit employs three optimized Multi-output translinear second generation current conveyer (MCCII). The oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency are independently controllable. The proposed Quadrature Oscillator frequency can be tuned in the range of [198 MHz –261 MHz] by a simple variation of a DC current. PSpice simulation results are performed using CMOS 0.35 μm process of AMS.
文摘The paper presents an analytical derivation of Floquet eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a class of harmonic phase and quadrature oscillators. The derivation refers in particular to systems modeled by two parallel RLC resonators with pulsed energy restoring. Pulsed energy restoring is obtained through parallel current generators with an impulsive characteristic triggered by the resonators voltages. In performing calculation the initial hypothesis of the existence of stable oscillation is only made, then it is verified when both oscillation amplitude and eigenvalues/eigenvectors are deduced from symmetry conditions on oscillator space state. A detailed determination of the first eigenvector is obtained. Remaining eigenvectors are hence calculated with realistic approximations. Since Floquet eigenvectors are acknowledged to give the correct decomposition of noise perturbations superimposed to the oscillator space state along its limit cycle, an analytical and compact model of their behavior highlights the unique phase noise properties of this class of oscillators.
文摘An innovative solution to design phase and quadrature pulsed coupled oscillators systems through electromagnetic waveguides is described in this paper. Each oscillator is constituted by an LC differential resonator refilled through a couple of current pulse generator circuits. The phase and quadrature coupling between the two differential oscillators is achieved using delayed replicas of generated fundamentals from a resonator as driving signal of pulse generator injecting in the other resonator. The delayed replicas are obtained by microstrip-based delay-lines. A 2.4 - 2.5 GHz VCO has been implemented in a 150 nm RF CMOS process. Simulations showed at 1 MHz offset a phase noise of -139.9 dBc/Hz and a FOM of -189.1 dB.
文摘This paper presents a third-order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (TOQSO) using two voltage differencing buffered amplifiers (VDBAs), three capacitors and a resistor. The new topology provides two quadrature voltage outputs. The condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) are electronically independently controllable by the separate transconductance of the VDBAs. The workability of the proposed TOQSO is confirmed by SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation using Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC) 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘A new voltage-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (QSO) using two voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBAs) and only three passive components (two capacitors and a resistor) is presented. The proposed QSO circuit offers advantages of independent electronic control of both oscillation frequency and condition of oscillation, availability of two quadrature voltage outputs and low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE simulation results have been included using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology to confirm the validity of the proposed QSO oscillator.
文摘This paper presents a study of fractional order quadrature oscillators based on current-controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers (CCCFTA). The design realisation and performance of the fractional order quadrature oscillators have been presented. The quadrature oscillators are constructed using three fractional capacitors of orders α = 0.5. The fractional capacitor is not available on the market or in the PSPICE program. Fortunately, the fractional capacitor can be realised by using the approximate method for the RC ladder network approximation. The oscillation frequency and oscillation condition can be electronically/orthogonally controlled via input bias currents. Due to high-output impedances, the proposed circuit enables easy cascading in current-mode (CM). The PSPICE simulation results are depicted, and the given results agree well with the anticipated theoretical outcomes.
文摘This work summarizes the structure and operating features of a high-performance 3-stage dual-delay-path (DDP) voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) with self-biased delay cells for Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) structurebased clock generation and digital system driving. For a voltage supply V<sub>DD</sub> = 1.8 V, the resulting set of performance parameters include power consumption P<sub><sub></sub>DC</sub> = 4.68 mW and phase noise PN@1MHz = -107.8 dBc/Hz. From the trade-off involving P<sub>DC</sub> and PN, a system level high performance is obtained considering a reference figure-of-merit ( FoM = -224 dBc/Hz ). Implemented at schematic level by applying CMOS-based technology (UMC L180), the proposed VCRO was designed at Cadence environment and optimized at MunEDA WiCkeD tool.
文摘Pulsed bias is an attempt to improve the performance of oscillators in integrated circuits as a result of architectural innovation. Given the relatively low value of resonator quality factor achievable on-chip, for a specified bias voltage level, pulsed bias may result in a lower power consumption and in an improvement of the spectral purity of the oscillation. The main drawback of this approach is the need to introduce a certain time delay in order to properly position pulses with respect to oscillation waveform. Delay accumulation requires further energy dissipation and introduce additional jitter. In this paper we present a new architecture capable to avoid unnecessary delay, based on the idea to apply the pulsed bias approach to a quadrature oscillator. A ?rst circuit-level implementation of this concept is presented with simulation results.
基金This work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60036016)by National 863 Project of China under Grant No.2001AA313090.
文摘A novel micromechanical bridge-shaped voltage-controlled oscillator with high Q value was fabricated. The core of this kind of oscillators is an electrothermally excited and piezoresistively detected micromechanical bridge resonator. Its resonance frequency can be adjusted by changing the DC voltage applied to the Wheatstone bridge. Theoretical analysis and experimental data show that its resonance frequency is linear with the square of the DC voltage. The linearity is better than 0.16% and the adjustable frequency range excels 17.15%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61934009 and 62090042)Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips (ICFC)the Academician Expert Open Fund of Beijing Smart-chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.
文摘The benefits of technology scaling have fueled interest in realizing time-domain oversampling(?∑) of Analog-to-Digital Converters(ADCs). Voltage-Controlled Oscillators(VCO) are increasingly used to design ?∑ADCs because of their simplicity, high digitization, and low-voltage tolerance, making them a promising candidate to replace the classical Operational Transconductance Amplifier(OTA) in ?∑ ADC design. This work aims to provide a summary of the fully VCO-based ?∑ ADCs that are highly digital and scaling-friendly. This work presents a review of first-order and high-order VCO-based ?∑ ADCs with several techniques and architectures to mitigate the nonidealities introduced by VCO, achieving outstanding power efficiency. The contributions and drawbacks of these techniques and architectures are also discussed.
