以定量构效关系理论和实验室内急性毒性试验相结合研究了六种有机磷农药对四尾栅藻(S.quadricanda)和多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)的生态毒性。有机磷农药的毒性取决于磷原子的电正性,各取代基种类和构象对电荷分布作用显著。根据构效...以定量构效关系理论和实验室内急性毒性试验相结合研究了六种有机磷农药对四尾栅藻(S.quadricanda)和多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)的生态毒性。有机磷农药的毒性取决于磷原子的电正性,各取代基种类和构象对电荷分布作用显著。根据构效关系原理,磷氧双键(P=O)被磷硫双键(P=S)取代后毒性降低;羟基(-OH)被甲、乙、丙氧基(-CH3O、-CH3CH2O、-CH3CH2CH2O)取代后有机磷农药毒性依次增强;磷氧单键(P-O)毒性高于磷碳单键(P-C)。该实验中毒死蜱、辛硫磷(-CH3CH2O)毒性高于其它四种(-CH3O),敌敌畏和敌百虫(P=O)毒性高于乐果(P=S),敌敌畏(P-O)又高于敌百虫(P-C),甘氨酸异丙胺盐取代羟基(-OH)的草甘膦毒性最低。毒性试验结果表明,毒死蜱、辛硫磷、敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、草甘膦异丙胺盐对四尾栅藻的96 h EC50分别为6.34、6.62、59.53、82.12、141.37和7.25 mg.L-1。它们对多刺裸腹溞的48 h LC50分别为0.20、0.12、0.28、0.17、1.12和5.03 mg.L-1。六种有机磷农药对多刺裸腹溞的毒性强度结果与QSAR分析具有较高的一致性,即表征有机磷农药毒性特征的取代基团作用的毒性强弱顺序为:-OH>=O>-O;对四尾栅藻毒性试验结果中,由于草甘膦异丙胺盐作用于植物类靶位点的特殊性,导致其对四尾栅藻毒性显著增强。综合以上研究,以构效关系理论和浮游生物毒性试验相结合进行有机磷农药的生态风险评价将更加便捷和准确。展开更多
[ Objective] The reseamh aimed to contrast growth situations of the Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda under two kinds of media. [Method] Three kinds of algae were cultured at Ml...[ Objective] The reseamh aimed to contrast growth situations of the Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda under two kinds of media. [Method] Three kinds of algae were cultured at Mll and Shuisheng No.4 media. The concentration and specific growth rate of algae cell were observed and calculated. [Result] Under the condition of 26 ℃, 3 000 lux and 12 h：12 h, their maximum cell concentrations at M11 were all higher than that at Shuisheng No. 4 medium. μmax and μave of the M. aeruginosa were bigger at Shuisheng No. 4 me- dium, while μmax= and μave of the C. pyrenoidosa and S. quadficauda were bigger at Mll medium. [ Conclusionl Overall, M11 medium was more suitable for culturing these three kinds of algae in laboratory than Shuisheng No. 4 medium.展开更多
文摘以定量构效关系理论和实验室内急性毒性试验相结合研究了六种有机磷农药对四尾栅藻(S.quadricanda)和多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)的生态毒性。有机磷农药的毒性取决于磷原子的电正性,各取代基种类和构象对电荷分布作用显著。根据构效关系原理,磷氧双键(P=O)被磷硫双键(P=S)取代后毒性降低;羟基(-OH)被甲、乙、丙氧基(-CH3O、-CH3CH2O、-CH3CH2CH2O)取代后有机磷农药毒性依次增强;磷氧单键(P-O)毒性高于磷碳单键(P-C)。该实验中毒死蜱、辛硫磷(-CH3CH2O)毒性高于其它四种(-CH3O),敌敌畏和敌百虫(P=O)毒性高于乐果(P=S),敌敌畏(P-O)又高于敌百虫(P-C),甘氨酸异丙胺盐取代羟基(-OH)的草甘膦毒性最低。毒性试验结果表明,毒死蜱、辛硫磷、敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、草甘膦异丙胺盐对四尾栅藻的96 h EC50分别为6.34、6.62、59.53、82.12、141.37和7.25 mg.L-1。它们对多刺裸腹溞的48 h LC50分别为0.20、0.12、0.28、0.17、1.12和5.03 mg.L-1。六种有机磷农药对多刺裸腹溞的毒性强度结果与QSAR分析具有较高的一致性,即表征有机磷农药毒性特征的取代基团作用的毒性强弱顺序为:-OH>=O>-O;对四尾栅藻毒性试验结果中,由于草甘膦异丙胺盐作用于植物类靶位点的特殊性,导致其对四尾栅藻毒性显著增强。综合以上研究,以构效关系理论和浮游生物毒性试验相结合进行有机磷农药的生态风险评价将更加便捷和准确。
基金Supported by Beijing Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ecological Technology Academic Innovation Team Item,China(PHR201106124)
文摘[ Objective] The reseamh aimed to contrast growth situations of the Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda under two kinds of media. [Method] Three kinds of algae were cultured at Mll and Shuisheng No.4 media. The concentration and specific growth rate of algae cell were observed and calculated. [Result] Under the condition of 26 ℃, 3 000 lux and 12 h：12 h, their maximum cell concentrations at M11 were all higher than that at Shuisheng No. 4 medium. μmax and μave of the M. aeruginosa were bigger at Shuisheng No. 4 me- dium, while μmax= and μave of the C. pyrenoidosa and S. quadficauda were bigger at Mll medium. [ Conclusionl Overall, M11 medium was more suitable for culturing these three kinds of algae in laboratory than Shuisheng No. 4 medium.
