Role of intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysisthree-dimensional estimated model in donor-recipient size mismatch following deceased donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Donor-recipient size mismatch(DRSM)is considered a crucial factor for poor outcomes in liver transplantation(LT)because of complications,such as massive intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and early allograft dysfunction(EAD).Liver volumetry is performed routinely in living donor LT,but rarely in deceased donor LT(DDLT),which amplifies the adverse effects of DRSM in DDLT.Due to the various shortcomings of traditional manual liver volumetry and formula methods,a feasible model based on intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysis-three-dimensional(IQQA-3D)for estimating the degree of DRSM is needed.AIM To identify benefits of IQQA-3D liver volumetry in DDLT and establish an estimation model to guide perioperative management.METHODS We retrospectively determined the accuracy of IQQA-3D liver volumetry for standard total liver volume(TLV)(sTLV)and established an estimation TLV(eTLV)index(eTLVi)model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to detect the optimal cut-off values for predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT using donor sTLV to recipient sTLV(called sTLVi).The factors influencing the occurrence of massive IBL and EAD were explored through logistic regression analysis.Finally,the eTLVi model was compared with the sTLVi model through the ROC curve for verification.RESULTS A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis.The Changzheng formula was accurate for calculating donor sTLV(P=0.083)but not for recipient sTLV(P=0.036).Recipient eTLV calculated using IQQA-3D highly matched with recipient sTLV(P=0.221).Alcoholic liver disease,gastrointestinal bleeding,and sTLVi>1.24 were independent risk factors for massive IBL,and drug-induced liver failure was an independent protective factor for massive IBL.Male donor-female recipient combination,model for end-stage liver disease score,sTLVi≤0.85,and sTLVi≥1.32 were independent risk factors for EAD,and viral hepatitis was an independent protective factor for EAD.The overall survival of patients in the 0.85<sTLVi<1.32 group was better compared to the sTLVi≤0.85 group and sTLVi≥1.32 group(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the area under the curve of the sTLVi model and IQQA-3D eTLVi model in the detection of massive IBL and EAD(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION IQQA-3D eTLVi model has high accuracy in predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT.We should follow the guidance of the IQQA-3D eTLVi model in perioperative management.

Strategies on Sample Size Determination and Qualitative and Quantitative Traits Integration to Construct Core Collection of Rice (Oryza sativa)

The development of a core collection could enhance the utilization of germplasm collections in crop improvement programs and simplify their management. Selection of an appropriate sampling strategy is an important prerequisite to construct a core collection with appropriate size in order to adequately represent the genetic spectrum and maximally capture the genetic diversity in available crop collections. The present study was initiated to construct nested core collections to determine the appropriate sample size to represent the genetic diversity of rice landrace collection based on 15 quantitative traits and 34 qualitative traits of 2 262 rice accessions. The results showed that 50-225 nested core collections, whose sampling rate was 2.2%-9.9%, were sufficient to maintain the maximum genetic diversity of the initial collections. Of these, 150 accessions （6.6%） could capture the maximal genetic diversity of the initial collection. Three data types, i.e. qualitative traits （QT1）, quantitative traits （QT2） and integrated qualitative and quantitative traits （QTT）, were compared for their efficiency in constructing core collections based on the weighted pair-group average method combined with stepwise clustering and preferred sampling on adjusted Euclidean distances. Every combining scheme constructed eight rice core collections （225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75 and 50）. The results showed that the QTT data was the best in constructing a core collection as indicated by the genetic diversity of core collections. A core collection constructed only on the information of QT1 could not represent the initial collection effectively. QTT should be used together to construct a productive core collection.

Preliminary study on qualitative and quantitative detection of norfloxacin based on terahertz spectroscopy

Norfloxacin is a kind of quinolone bactericide which is widely used in food industry,livestock feed and medicine area.At present,how to develop a rapid,convenient and accurate technique for qualitative and quantitative detection of norfloxacin is still a challenge.In this study,Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy technology(THz-TDS)was used to explore qualitative and quantitative analysis of norfloxacin.Forty-five norfloxacin samples with different levels were prepared.The pure norfloxacin powder was mixed with polyethylene(PE)powder together and made into tablets by tablet-making machine.The minimum detection concentration was 10%and the maximum detection concentration evaluated in the paper was 90%.Then,terahertz(THz)spectra of each sample were measured on K15 THz-TDS equipment.The multiple linear regressions and the partial least squares regression algorithms were used to establish a model to make quantitative analysis.From the results,two typical fingerprint peaks of norfloxacin in terahertz band were observed at 0.944 THz and 1.206 THz,and the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the established model reached 0.9908 and 0.0481,respectively,which showed that the model performed well for the prediction.This preliminary study indicates that THz spectroscopy has great potential for future screening applications to detect the presence of norfloxacin residues in food,livestock feed and medicine industries.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric methanol using a continuous-wave terahertz spectrometer

We present a specific-window method to subtract the interference of water vapor on terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy（THz-FDS） at ambient temperature and pressure. A continuous-wave spectrometer based on photomixing was utilized to obtain THz-FDS of methanol vapor in the range of 50–1200 GHz. The distinctly spaced absorption features in the neighborhood of atmospheric windows of transparency were selected to perform linear fitting versus the calculated absorption cross section and obtain the concentration of methanol. Furthermore, the gradually decreased methanol vapor was quantified to demonstrate the reliability of the method.

GRINDING OF DOUBLE DISC GRINDING MACHINE

The grinding of two parallel sides of a component is accomplished with theaccuracy and higher productivity by passing a blank through the truncated cone shape grinders, whichare turned angles. The machine is designated by the name of double disc grinding machine (DDGM).Usually, it is used in the mass production. The relationship between these angles, the accuracy,productivity, allowance and parameters of the machine and technology is explained in detail by math,such as vector analysis, transformation of 3D space coordinates, etc. Therefore, in the aspects ofqualitative and quantitative analyses, the grinding potential of DDGM is enormous increased andsuperior to conventional methods. Furthermore, the theoretical foundation of DDGM grinding designand technology is provided to improve, to expand and to create for future. The established machinedesign and practical experience of grinding technology will get great benefit by them.

Compared Insights on Machine-Learning Anomaly Detection for Process Control Feature

Anomaly detection is becoming increasingly significant in industrial cyber security,and different machine-learning algorithms have been generally acknowledged as various effective intrusion detection engines to successfully identify cyber attacks.However,different machine-learning algorithms may exhibit their own detection effects even if they analyze the same feature samples.As a sequence,after developing one feature generation approach,the most effective and applicable detection engines should be desperately selected by comparing distinct properties of each machine-learning algorithm.Based on process control features generated by directed function transition diagrams,this paper introduces five different machine-learning algorithms as alternative detection engines to discuss their matching abilities.Furthermore,this paper not only describes some qualitative properties to compare their advantages and disadvantages,but also gives an in-depth and meticulous research on their detection accuracies and consuming time.In the verified experiments,two attack models and four different attack intensities are defined to facilitate all quantitative comparisons,and the impacts of detection accuracy caused by the feature parameter are also comparatively analyzed.All experimental results can clearly explain that SVM(Support Vector Machine)and WNN(Wavelet Neural Network)are suggested as two applicable detection engines under differing cases.

Insights into pH-dependent transformation of gibberellic acid in aqueous solution:Transformation pathway,mechanism and toxicity estimation

Gibberellic acid(GA_(3))is widely used in agriculture and maybe transfer with groundwater flow,which is an endocrine disruptor,but few studies have focused on the transformation pathway and toxicity assessment of GA_(3)and its products.Here,GA_(3)and its transformation products in aqueous solution were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry hybrid ion trap time-of-flight(LCMS-IT-TOF)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),respectively.The results showed that the half-life of GA_(3)transformation in ultrapure water was 16.1–24.6 days at p H=2.0–8.0,with the lowest half-life occurring at p H=8.0 and highest half-life occurring at p H=3.3.Isomerized gibberellic acid(Iso-GA_(3))and gibberellenic acid(GEA)were the main transformation products with a little hydroxy gibberellic acid(OH-GA_(3)).In North China groundwater,the mass balance of GA_(3)and its products was 76.2%,including Iso-GA_(3)(58%),GEA(7.9%),GA_(3)(7.3%)and OH-GA_(3)(3%)after reaching transformation equilibrium.Using Gaussian 09 for chemical computation,it was found that the transformation mechanism of GA_(3)was dependent upon the bond energy and the stereochemical feature of its molecular structure.GA_(3)always isomerized from theγ-lactone ring due to the lowest bond energy between the oxygen terminus of theγ-lactone ring and A ring.While GA_(3)and its transformation products all had developmental toxicity,the predicated LC 50(96 hr)and LD 50 of the main products of GA_(3)were much lower than those of GA_(3),indicating GA_(3)would be transformed into higher toxicity derivatives in water environments,posing a significant health risk to humans and the environment.