Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative and Qualitative Information Risk Approaches

Due to rapidly development of information systems, risk and security issues have increased and became a phenomenon that concerns every organization, without considering the size of it. To achieve desired results, managers have to implement methods of evaluating and mitigating risk as part of a process well elaborated. Security risk management helps managers to better control the business practices and improve the business process. An effective risk management process is based on a successful IT security program. This doesn＇t mean that the main goal of an organization＇s risk management process is to protect its IT assets, but to protect the organization and its ability to perform their missions. During this process, managers have to take into consideration risks that can affect the organization and apply the most suitable measures to minimize their impact. The most important task is choosing the best suited method for analyzing the existing risk properly. Several methods have been developed, being classified in quantitative and qualitative approaches of evaluating risk. The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages and disadvantages of each approach taking current needs and opportunities into consideration.

A qualitative approach to aberrations of optical elements

A qualitative method to analyze wavefront aberrations is presented.Aberrations of the primary type,expressed in their matrix forms,are used to write the generalized ray transfer matrix of an optical component.The aberrations were treated collectively by examining the pseudospectra of an augmented matrix constructed from the aberration matrices.Results show that aberrations can be distinguished and relative strengths pronounced using this qualitative method.

Qualitative Research on Learner's Beliefs about Learning English

In the ESOL/SLA field, qualitative studies try to explain the language learning process not merely from psychological points of view, but also from social and cultural perspectives. In this study, a Chinese learner's perceptions of mainstream English instruction in China has been investigated through the interview, and the problem was explained from social and cultural perspectives.

Living experience and care needs of Chinese empty-nest elderly people in urban communities in Beijing,China:A qualitative study

Background:Empty-nest elders have considerable needs for daily living,health care,and social support in China.The growing need for care of an aging population requires to be met through adequate policy decision making by government.Aim:To explore care needs of Chinese empty-nest elderly people and to provide reference information for relevant authorities in making care-supporting policies.Method:A descriptive qualitative study design was adopted.Twenty-five senior citizens in urban communities who were not living with their children were recruited from three communities in different districts of Beijing.In-depth interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire were used to collect data.A qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze data.Results:A major care need by the empty-nest elderly was home-based care.In view of their physical condition,need of support and their own security problems,they would like to have aging-in-place,home-based care by housemaid employment,or have institutionalized care in the future.However,they had some concerns about institutionalized care.Conclusions:A combination of home-based and community-based care is a suitable mode of care for the empty-nest elderly,and institutionalized care is an expected supplementary form of care.

Research Approaches in Applied Linguistics

Research in applied linguistics, like research in other fields, is usually carried out by two approaches： quantitative approach and qualitative approach. It is agreed ＂both approach are needed, since no one methodology can answer all questions and provide insights on all issues＂. The two approaches follow different procedures and inevitably have respective advantages and drawbacks. Three general types of quantitative methods are experiments, quasi-experiments and surveys. Three general types of methods concerning qualitative approach used in linguistics are case study, action research and ethnographic research. Different types of research questions can be studied through various research methods. It is important to recognise the distinction between quantitative approach and qualitative approaches. It is up to the researcher to choose the specific approach in accordance with the suitability of the method for the particular research. It can be a single approach, or combination of the two, providing it allows maximal reliability and validity of the study.

Methodological Approaches to Study Internet Financial Communication

The aim of this paper is to show how qualitative and quantitative approaches can be complementary to study internet financial communication in a thesis by papers and how grounded theory （GT） can be the link among the different papers of the thesis. The study context of our thesis was the unregulated markets of New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） Euronext Brussels and the problematic rose from this context： What is the voluntary effort of communication when there is no obligation of internet financial communication？ Four papers tried to answer this central question and other following research questions. To answer those research questions, several methodological approaches were used： content analysis of websites and scoring, linear regression, paired sample, and interviews. At the end of our thesis by papers, we discovered that GT was the general methodological travel among the papers： Every article had for vocation to try to answer the questions raised by the previous article.

Factors influencing the occupational well-being of experienced nurses

Objectives:To determine the factors influencing the occupational well-being of experienced nurses.Methods:We interviewed eight experienced nurses using an exploratory,semi-structured interview.Results:The interviews revealed five themes that influenced occupational well-being in experienced nurses:(1)external occupational recognition;(2)internal career expectation and occupational value;(3)workenvironment;(4)family support;and(5)occupationalplanningand payment.When the nurses were not recognized by patients or clients,their family,colleague and leaders,their well-being was negatively impacted.However,the harmonious work environments and friendly interpersonal relationships positively impacted their well-being.Conclusion:By identifying the factors that contribute to a nurse's occupational well-being,the nursing management is better able to address the nurse's needs to maintain a positive well-being.This in turn will decrease the burnout and increase retention of experienced nurses,which will raise the quality of patient care.

Using IQA to Extract Mental Models Concerning Quality Evaluation Factors for Social Networking Services on Smartphones

Although today’s users of mobile phones are afforded increasing control as the popularity and richness of information provided by smartphones increases, how these users make choices and evaluations cannot be explicitly expressed. This study uses an acute observation of designers of technology and aesthetics to conduct a mental-model analysis of smartphones with the purpose of explicitly identifying the differences in the schemas of users. This study also modifies the mental model to evaluate the practicability of the mental model. Hence, this study investigates groups of subjects, comparing freshmen and graduating students froma college of design, and adopts a schematized data collection and analysis approach, Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA), to ascertain the relationships between factors and establish a complete user mental model. The study results present 11 primary affinity factors: “Pricing,” “Advertisement,” “User Interface,” “Innovation Functions,” “System Maintenance,” “Privacy,” “Utility Functions,” “Personalization,” “Network Performance,” “Customer Service,” and “Multimedia Contents.” The primary driver in evaluating smartphones is found to be “Pricing” for graduating students and “Privacy” for freshmen. The two groups share the same final effect factor, “Multimedia Contents.” This study has successfully identified differences between the different mental models of the two groups, supporting the method that using IQA to perform a quality evaluation of social networking for smartphones is effective. Consequently, platform developers can understand user demand through a mental model and can design good platform functions to effectively improve users’ experience of smartphones.

Social innovation based on collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations in COVID-19 crisis: evidence from Iran

Background One of the effective ways to attract social collaboration to provide effective,prompt,and coordinated interventions in emergencies is through social innovation.The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations(NGOs)for saving people’s lives in crises.The initial idea of this research was obtained from the best practice“Every Home Is a Health Base”which was implemented in Iran.Methods The Grounded Theory strategy has been used in this study.The statistical population of the study is health experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.The study time span is during the first half of 2020.Exploratory analysis was used to identify the factors of social innovation.By selecting and reviewing 68 research in-depth,the initial framework was prepared.Then,through a semi-structured interview with experts,the framework was adapted and reviewed.Based on the analysis of the collected data,39 open codes were extracted and the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation were identified.Results The eight axis codes as the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and NGOs are as follows:Paying attention to the components of the NGOs collaboration effectiveness,investment to attract NGOs collaboration,the ability to manage the implementation,the ability of networking,the ability of policymaking,providing the necessary cultural and educational infrastructure;Existence of capable legal organizations to solve the executive problems of the plan and facilitate coordination,and controlling,containing and reducing the effects of the crisis,as consequences.Conclusions Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have shown the world that the current governmental and social structures are not efficient enough to respond quickly to the emergence of global challenges.Social innovation is a solution to this problem.The findings of this study also confirm this and identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on collaboration between governments and NGOs in crises.The results of this research give governments and policymakers an efficient solution by involving NGOs,especially in times of widespread crises.Also,they can be used in planning for social development.