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Qualitative analysis of aromatic compounds via 1D TOCSY techniques
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作者 Wenbo Dong Qi Zhao +3 位作者 Jiancheng Zhao Jiarong Zhang Yingxiong Wang Yan Qiao 《Magnetic Resonance Letters》 2024年第1期21-27,共7页
The aromatic compounds,including o-xylene,m-xylene,p-xylene,and ethylbenzene,primarily originate from the catalytic reforming of crude oil,and have a wide variety of applications.However,because of similar physical an... The aromatic compounds,including o-xylene,m-xylene,p-xylene,and ethylbenzene,primarily originate from the catalytic reforming of crude oil,and have a wide variety of applications.However,because of similar physical and chemical properties,these compounds are difficult to be identified by gas chromatography(GC)without standard samples.With the development of modern nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques,NMR has emerged as a powerful and efficient tool for the rapid analysis of complex and crude mixtures without purification.In this study,the parameters of one-dimensional(1D)total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY)NMR techniques,including 1D selective gradient TOCSY and 1D chemicalshift-selective filtration(CSSF)with TOCSY,were optimized to obtain comprehensive molecular structure information.The results indicate that the overlapped signals in NMR spectra of nonpolar aromatic compounds(including o-xylene,m-xylene,p-xylene and ethylbenzene),polar aromatic compounds(benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,benzoic acid),and aromatic compounds with additional conjugated bonds(styrene)can be resolved in 1D TOCSY.More importantly,full molecular structures can be clearly distinguished by setting appropriate mixing time in 1D TOCSY.This approach simplifies the NMR spectra,provides structural information of entire molecules,and can be applied for the analysis of other structural isomers. 展开更多
关键词 1D TOCSY NMR technologies XYLENES Aromatic compounds Structure information of entire molecular qualitative analysis
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD 被引量:19
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作者 ZHU Shuang-lai DOU Sheng-shan +6 位作者 LIU Xin-ru LIU Run-hui ZHANG Wei-dong HUANG Hong-lin ZHANG Yi HU Yao-hua WANG Shu-ping 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期38-44,共7页
A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-DAD) and principal component analysis(PCA) was ... A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-DAD) and principal component analysis(PCA) was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri(CP) samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis(CPC) and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis(CPA). Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC(58.75 mg/g) was higher than that in CPA(9.16 mg/g), while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines. 展开更多
关键词 Cortex Phellodendri ALKALOID HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Quantitative analysis qualitative analysis Principal component analysis
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Signed Directed Graph and Qualitative Trend Analysis Based Fault Diagnosis in Chemical Industry 被引量:16
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作者 高东 吴重光 +1 位作者 张贝克 马昕 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第2期265-276,共12页
In the past 30 years,signed directed graph(SDG) ,one of the qualitative simulation technologies,has been widely applied for chemical fault diagnosis.However,SDG based fault diagnosis,as any other qualitative method,ha... In the past 30 years,signed directed graph(SDG) ,one of the qualitative simulation technologies,has been widely applied for chemical fault diagnosis.However,SDG based fault diagnosis,as any other qualitative method,has poor diagnostic resolution.In this paper,a new method that combines SDG with qualitative trend analysis(QTA) is presented to improve the resolution.In the method,a bidirectional inference algorithm based on assumption and verification is used to find all the possible fault causes and their corresponding consistent paths in the SDG model.Then an improved QTA algorithm is used to extract and analyze the trends of nodes on the consis-tent paths found in the previous step.New consistency rules based on qualitative trends are used to find the real causes from the candidate causes.The resolution can be improved.This method combines the completeness feature of SDG with the good diagnostic resolution feature of QTA.The implementation of SDG-QTA based fault diagno-sis is done using the integrated SDG modeling,inference and post-processing software platform.Its application is illustrated on an atmospheric distillation tower unit of a simulation platform.The result shows its good applicability and efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 signed directed graph qualitative trend analysis fault diagnosis bidirectional inference atmospheric distillation tower unit
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Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of health-care pharmaceutical products using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy 被引量:1
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作者 Sobia Nisar Ghulam Dastgeer +1 位作者 Muhammad Shafiq Muhammad Usman 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第1期20-24,共5页
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a sensitive optical technique that is capable of rapid multi-elemental analysis. The development of this technique for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products may ev... Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a sensitive optical technique that is capable of rapid multi-elemental analysis. The development of this technique for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products may eventually revolutionize the field of human health. Under normal circumstances, the elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products based on chemical methods is time-consuming and complicated. In this investigation, the principal aim is to develop an LIBS-based methodology for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products. This LIBS technique was utilized for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the elements present in Ca-based tablets. All the elements present in the tablets were detected and their percentage compositions were verified in a single shot, using the proposed instrument. These elements(e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and others) were identified by the wavelengths of their spectral lines, which were verified using the NIST database. The approximate amount of each element was determined based on their observed peaks and the result was in exact agreement with the content specification. The determination of the composition of prescription drug for patients is highly important in numerous circumstances. For example, the exploitation of LIBS may facilitate elemental decomposition of medicines to determine the accuracy of the stated composition information. Moreover, the approach can provide element-specific, meaningful, and accurate information related to pharmaceutical products. 展开更多
关键词 LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN spectroscopy Elements identification HEALTH-CARE PHARMACEUTICS qualitative analysis QUANTITATIVE analysis
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Qualitative Algebra and Graph Theory Methods for Dynamic Trend Analysis of Continuous System 被引量:3
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作者 张卫华 吴重光 王春利 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第2期308-315,共8页
Qualitative algebraic equations are the basis of qualitative simulation,which are used to express the dynamic behavior of steady-state continuous processes.When the values and operation of qualitative variables are re... Qualitative algebraic equations are the basis of qualitative simulation,which are used to express the dynamic behavior of steady-state continuous processes.When the values and operation of qualitative variables are redefined,qualitative algebraic equations can be transformed into signed direct graphs,which are frequently used to predict the trend of dynamic changes.However,it is difficult to use traditional qualitative algebra methods based on artificial trial and error to solve a complex problem for dynamic trends.An important aspect of modern qualitative algebra is to model and characterize complex systems with the corresponding computer-aided automatic reasoning.In this study,a qualitative affection equation based on multiple conditions is proposed,which enables the signed di-rect graphs to describe complex systems better and improves the fault diagnosis resolution.The application to an industrial case shows that the method performs well. 展开更多
关键词 qualitative algebraic equations signed directed graph affection equation multiple conditions dynamic trend analysis
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Linoleic Acid in Polygonati Rhizoma 被引量:1
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作者 ZHOU Zhun YUAN Han-Wen +8 位作者 PENG Cai-Yun JIAN Yu-Qing ZHOU Xu-Dong LI Bin SHENG Wen-Bing GONG Li-Min HE Shu-Jin WANG Wei LIU Chang-Xiao 《Digital Chinese Medicine》 2020年第3期180-187,共8页
Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently... Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精). 展开更多
关键词 Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing 黄精) Linoleic acid qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Thin layer chromatography(TLC) High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)
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Improved Qualitative Trajectory Calculus for Pair-Activity Analysis
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作者 Shengsheng Wang Guangyao Wang +1 位作者 Yungang Zhu Jingwen Shao 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2019年第2期318-326,共9页
Trajectory provides the most robust feature for activity recognition in far-field surveillance videos,in which increasing attentions have been given to the use of qualitative methods with symbolic rather than real-val... Trajectory provides the most robust feature for activity recognition in far-field surveillance videos,in which increasing attentions have been given to the use of qualitative methods with symbolic rather than real-value features.Qualitative trajectory calculus(QTC)showed a good performance in pair-activity from video.However,QTC and similar works are not good at dealing with noise,since they are all considering short-term features.To deal with the problems mentioned above,two types of long-term features,including sub-trajectory feature and point-trajectory feature,are designed.The sub-trajectory feature is a long-term feature in a coarse granularity,while the point-trajectory feature is a long-term feature in a relatively fine granularity.Using the sub-trajectory feature,a couple of trajectories are segmented into sub-trajectories and enveloping boxes are used to substitute the original sub-trajectory for capturing the major attributes.The point-trajectory feature describes the relationship between a single point in one trajectory and all parts of the other trajectory.The experiments on the human activity classification data demonstrated that our proposed methods are better than the original QTC and previous short-term features. 展开更多
关键词 pair-activity analysis qualitative TRAJECTORY CALCULUS sub-trajectory FEATURE point-trajectory FEATURE
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Bioactive Flavonoids in <i>Salix bordensis</i>Turcz. by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS
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作者 Lei Zhao Lina Liu Jintian Li 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2014年第13期851-860,共10页
The qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis of five bioactive flavonoids in Salix bordensis Turcz. were achieved via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detect... The qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis of five bioactive flavonoids in Salix bordensis Turcz. were achieved via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry, by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 HPLC column with a gradient elution of 0.3% (v/v) formic acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase. The compounds in the mixture were clearly identified by comparing their HPLC-DAD ultraviolet spectra, retention times, and MS data with those of corresponding reference compounds. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9998) within the test ranges. The LOD, LOQ, specificity, precision, and accuracy for the method were validated. The results demonstrated that this analytical approach is ideal for the determination of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, and that it constructed a basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Salix bordensis Turcz. 展开更多
关键词 FLAVONOIDS SALIX Bordensis Turcz. qualitative and qualitative analysis HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID Chromatography-Diode Array Detection HIGH-PERFORMANCE Liquid-Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Views on patient safety by operations managers in somatic hospital care: a qualitative analysis
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作者 Gunilla Karlsson Karl Hedman Bengt Fridlund 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2011年第3期33-42,共10页
Healthcare outcome is to achieve optimal health for each patient. It is a well-known phenomenon that patients suffer from care injuries. Operations managers have difficulties in seeing that the relationship between sa... Healthcare outcome is to achieve optimal health for each patient. It is a well-known phenomenon that patients suffer from care injuries. Operations managers have difficulties in seeing that the relationship between safety culture, values and attitudes affects the medical care to the detriment of the patient. The aim was to describe the views on patient safety by operations managers and the establishment of patient safety and safety culture in somatic hospital care. Four open questions were answered by 29 operations managers in somatic hospital care. Data analysis was carried out by deductive qualitative content analysis. Operations managers found production to be the most important goal, and patient safety was linked to this basic mission. Safety work meant to achieve optimal health outcomes for each patient in a continuous development of operations. This was accomplished by pursuing a high level of competence among employees, having a functioning report system and preventing medical errors. Safety culture was mentioned to a smaller extent. The primary target of patient safety work by the operations managers was improving care quality which resulted in fewer complications and shorter care time. A change in emphasis to primary safety work is necessary. To accomplish this increased knowledge of communication, teamwork and clinical decision making are required. 展开更多
关键词 Evaluation Healthcare Improvement PROFESSIONAL Healthcare Patient SAFETY qualitative Content analysis SAFETY Culture
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Midwives’views and experiences of providing healthy eating advice to pregnant women:a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews
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作者 Shwikar Mahmoud Etman Othman Julie-Anne Fleet +1 位作者 Mary Steen Rasika Jayasekara 《Frontiers of Nursing》 CAS 2020年第4期345-358,共14页
Objective:To explore midwives’views on how they provide healthy eating education to pregnant women after attending a healthy eating education workshop/webinar.Methods:A qualitative descriptive approach was utilized.S... Objective:To explore midwives’views on how they provide healthy eating education to pregnant women after attending a healthy eating education workshop/webinar.Methods:A qualitative descriptive approach was utilized.Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the views and experiences of midwives on providing healthy eating education for pregnant women.A purposive sample of six midwives was interviewed face-to-face,and one was conducted by telephone interview.Data were analyzed through qualitative conventional content analysis.Results:Midwives described their views and experiences of factors that impacted their role in providing healthy eating educa-tion.They identified three categories:perceived role of midwi ves,health literacy,and model of care.Conclusions:Knowledge and confidence of midwives improved after attending the workshop/webinar on healthy eating education.Findings suggested that midwives perceived their role as important in providing nutrition education.However,time and resources were highlighted as challenges when providing healthy eating education for pregnant women.The availability of health literacy and model of care were significant factors in enabling midwives to adequately provide this education.Midwives acknowledged a need for further education in areas of vegan diet,cultural food preferences for ethnic minority groups,and regular updates on national healthy eating guidelines. 展开更多
关键词 MIDWIVES healthy eating guidelines nutrition policy qualitative content analysis EDUCATION maternity health services
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Conceptual framework of modern Zangxiang concept: a qualitative content analysis
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作者 Weiguang Wang Xinyan Liu +7 位作者 Xing Liao Quanming Tan Menglin Li Jintao Liu Zhenzhu Liu Ning Zhang Huiru Wang Shuangqing Zhai 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences》 2018年第1期43-52,共10页
Background:Some scholars believe modern Zangxiang concept is conceived under the thought of bio-medicine (Western medicine),which differs greatly compared to the ancient one.The view put forward stirs up great argumen... Background:Some scholars believe modern Zangxiang concept is conceived under the thought of bio-medicine (Western medicine),which differs greatly compared to the ancient one.The view put forward stirs up great argument.Therefore,we attempt to explore whether the modern Zangxiang concept can fully reflect the specific content and structural relationship of ancient one through analyzing the frame structure of modern Zangxiang concept.Methods:The qualitative content analysis was used.The document was selected from Zangxiang Chapter in Fundamental Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (7th edition).The textual document was added to QSR International's NVivo qualitative data analysis software.Text was manually coded line by line according to the content described,and new categories were identified which were further divided into initial code,sub-theme,and theme.The relationships among them were explored,and a visual map of the body of knowledge (BoK) in Zangxiang theory was depicted.The similarities and differences between modern and ancient Zangxiang concepts were discussed by interpreting these themes,relationships and the visual map.Results:After analysis,there were 126 initial codes,13 sub-themes,and 4 themes including structure,function,functional outcome and the corresponding external sign.Two principal relationships,generation and mutual promotion,restriction,and inter-dependence in function were obtained.By analyzing four themes and two kinds of principal relationships,we found five different aspects between modern Zangxiang concept and ancient Zangxiang theory.Conclusion:The BoK of the modern Zangxiang concept contains four themes:structure,function,functional outcome,and the corresponding external sign.The principal relationship is referring to generation between structure and function,and between function and its corresponding outcomes.Great differences exist when talking about modern Zangxiang concept which doesn't reflect TCM characteristics and is more inclined to bio-medicine in structure from the perspective of ancient TCM theory. 展开更多
关键词 Zangxiang qualitative RESEARCH CONTENT analysis
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Bibliometric analysis of qualitative researches in nursing in China from 2013 to 2019
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作者 Wen-Jiao Li Hui-Min Zhang +1 位作者 Xue-Chao Liu Chang-De Jin 《TMR Integrative Nursing》 2020年第6期176-182,共7页
Aims:To analyze the research status and development trend of nursing qualitative research in China from 2013 to 2019.Method:China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data and VIP database were researched t... Aims:To analyze the research status and development trend of nursing qualitative research in China from 2013 to 2019.Method:China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data and VIP database were researched to include all related articles which were published from 2013 to 2019 about nursing qualitative research literature.NoteExpress literature management software and Excel were used to organize literature from annual distribution region,organization,core periodical,as well as the research object,research methods,data collection method and sampling method for metrology analysis.Results:2194 articles met the inclusion criteria,the number of articles is increasing year by year.Most of them come from Shanghai,Beijing,zhejiang and other developed areas.The top three institutions were the Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Tongji Medical College,Affiliated Union Hospital,Fudan university and Shanghai jiao tong university.And 835 of them were published in core journals.Research object are mainly divided into patient,nurses,nursing managers,etc.The included literature mainly adopts phenomenological research methods.Interview is the mainly data collection methods,and Colaizzi method is the mainly data analysis methods.Most articles use the method of purpose sampling.Conclusion:The qualitative research is becoming more and more attention by researchers in China.Qualitative research has covered clinical nursing,nursing education,nursing management,nursing psychology and other different nursing field.However,the selection of qualitative research methods,data analysis methods and related reports need to be further improved and standardized. 展开更多
关键词 qualitative research NURSING Bibliometrics analysis Literature analysis
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Consequences of Insufficient Selectivity in Quantitative and Qualitative Chemical Analysis
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作者 Mats Larsson Göran Nilsson 《Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation》 2023年第2期13-25,共13页
A problem in chemical analysis in connection with measurements of a substance normally occurring in a sample, or identification of a substance which should not exist in a sample, is insufficient selectivity. In this a... A problem in chemical analysis in connection with measurements of a substance normally occurring in a sample, or identification of a substance which should not exist in a sample, is insufficient selectivity. In this article, we analyze this problem and propose remedies. We use a real doping case to illustrate how chemical noise causes a serious selectivity problem, probably causing a false positive outcome. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical analysis Quantitative and qualitative Selectivity Chemical Measurement Procedures Measurement Errors Chemical Noise
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Analysis on the Configuration Path of Improving the Quality and Efficiency of County-Level Libraries in China
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作者 Yan Jiang 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2023年第4期7-13,共7页
County-level libraries have an inescapable responsibility for cultivating local cultural identity and realizing rural revitalization.Therefore,we analyzed factors that afect the service fficiency of gass-1oots librari... County-level libraries have an inescapable responsibility for cultivating local cultural identity and realizing rural revitalization.Therefore,we analyzed factors that afect the service fficiency of gass-1oots libraries in Henan Province through a field investigation and qualitative comparative analysis(QCA),and proposed a higlh-efficiency configuration.In addition,we put forward the strategy of improving the quality and efficiency of our country's county-level libraries in the electonic information age. 展开更多
关键词 County libraries Henan county-level libraries Resource allocation fficiency qualitative comparative analysis
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Physical restraint in mental health nursing: A concept analysis 被引量:8
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作者 Junrong Ye Chen Wang +6 位作者 Aixiang Xiao Zhichun Xia Lin Yu Jiankui Lin Yao Liao Yu Xu Yunlei Zhang 《International Journal of Nursing Sciences》 CSCD 2019年第3期343-348,共6页
Objective: Physical restraint is frequently used in medical services,such as in mental health settings,intensive care units and nursing homes,but its nature varies in different institutions.By reviewing related litera... Objective: Physical restraint is frequently used in medical services,such as in mental health settings,intensive care units and nursing homes,but its nature varies in different institutions.By reviewing related literature,this study aims to clarify the concept of physical restraint in mental health nursing.Method: Three databases (PubMed,PsyclNFO and CINAHL) were retrieved,and Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of physical restraint in mental health nursing.Results: Physical restraint is a coercive approach that enables the administration of necessary treatment by safely reducing the patient's physical movement.It should be the last option used by qualified personnel.Antecedents of physical restraint are improper behavior (violence and disturbance) of patients,medical assessment prior to implementation and legislation governing clinical usage.Consequences of physical restraint are alleviation of conflict,physical injury,mental trauma and invisible impact on the institution.Discussion: This study defined the characteristics of physical restraint in mental health nursing.The proposed concept analysis provided theoretical foundation for future studies. 展开更多
关键词 Concept analysis Mental health services Physical restraint qualitative study Walker and Avant's model
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Volatile profile and multivariant analysis of Sanhuang chicken breast in combination with Chinese 5-spice blend and garam masala 被引量:4
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作者 Rani Andaleeb Danni Zhang +2 位作者 Shui Jiang Yin Zhang Yuan Liu 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期57-68,共12页
Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are rou... Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are routinely using spices in China and Pakistan,respectively.The flavour profiles of Sanhuang chicken breast(CB)and its blends with CS and GM were obtained by electronic nose(E-nose),solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME GC-MS)and GC-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS).Principal component analysis(PCA)efficiently discriminated the aroma profiles of three chicken formulations.The GC-chromatographs revealed the significant aroma alterations of chicken breast meat after marination with spices.Aldehydes were the major contributors of chicken aroma,while most of the aromatic hydrocarbons were generated by spices.Almost all chicken key-compounds produced by oxidation reaction were either reduced or eliminated by marination,showing the antioxidation capacity of spices leading to meat preservation.GC-IMS is not only a rapid and comprehensive detection method,but also proved to be more sensitive than GC-MS.The substantial role of both traditional spices in enhancing flavour quality of chicken meat,and their exposure as functional ingredients in Chinese and Pakistan cuisines could lead to the cross-cultural meat trade opportunities. 展开更多
关键词 Chicken breast Chinese 5-spice blend Garam masala Volatile compounds qualitative techniques Multivariant analysis
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Voices of Mother's Interaction with Midwives in Natural Childbirth: A Qualitative Study 被引量:1
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作者 Firoozeh Mirzaee Rabor Ali Taghipour Khadigeh Mirzaii Najmabadi 《Health》 2015年第1期153-160,共8页
Interaction between mothers and midwives during natural childbirth is one of the important factors in relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth. In this qualitative study we explored experiences ... Interaction between mothers and midwives during natural childbirth is one of the important factors in relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth. In this qualitative study we explored experiences of mothers and midwives in interaction with each other in natural childbirth. This study was a part of a larger study which was carried out in Iran in 2013-2014. A total of 23 participants participated in this study. 12 primiparous and multiparous women planned to have natural deliveries and 11 midwives were purposefully included for semi-structured in-depth interviews in this study. For analysis and interpretation of mothers’ and midwives’ experience, conventional content analysis was used. Data were coded in MAXqda software (version 2). Interaction between mothers and midwives could be organized and categorized in one theme “relationship”. This theme consists of two subthemes: “respect for the mother” and “interaction” and five categories: “Feeling confidence, Feeling satisfaction, Associated with sensory relationship, Understanding mother’s situation, Understanding the meaning of interaction”. Good relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth could improve the experience of natural childbirth for mothers. This experience could increase woman’s tendency toward natural birth instead of cesarean section in future pregnancies. Findings of this study can be seen as a challenge for health care professionals and policy makers to upgrade care of natural childbirth based on women’s preferences and needs. 展开更多
关键词 NATURAL CHILDBIRTH Relationship INTERACTION qualitative Study Content analysis
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Risky Meetings Despite Knowledge of the Risk: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults Treated for Chlamydia Infection at a Sexual Transmitted Infection Clinic 被引量:1
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作者 Annsofie Adolfsson 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2018年第6期572-584,共13页
The aim of the study was to describe the attitudes to risk behavior among patients diagnosed with a Chlamydia infection at a Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI) clinic. Qualitative interviews face-to-face were conducte... The aim of the study was to describe the attitudes to risk behavior among patients diagnosed with a Chlamydia infection at a Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI) clinic. Qualitative interviews face-to-face were conducted with twenty patients, aged 18 - 30 years, with confirmed Chlamydia infections were included. An interview guide was used and the participants described the behavior that had led to the infection. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Eighteen informants were included and the theme was risk. Recurrent among the informants was risk behavior in sexual relations when using alcohol, while risk behavior in life in general was almost non-existent. Of the 18 informants, sixteen had previously been tested for STIs, and ten had had an STI before. Alcohol consumption emerged as a common denominator among the informants and as a contributor to risk. In contrast, almost none of the informants exposed themselves to any unnecessary risks in life in general. 展开更多
关键词 Risky Meetings Sexually Transmitted INFECTIONS YOUNG ADULTS qualitative Method Content analysis
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A Causal Configuration Analysis of Payment Decision Drivers in Paid Q&A 被引量:1
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作者 Wenyu Chen Yan Cheng Jia Li 《Journal of Data and Information Science》 CSCD 2021年第2期139-162,共24页
Purpose:This paper examines factors of payment decision as well as the role each factor plays in casual configurations leading to high payment intention under systematic and heuristic information processing routes.Des... Purpose:This paper examines factors of payment decision as well as the role each factor plays in casual configurations leading to high payment intention under systematic and heuristic information processing routes.Design/methodology/approach:Based on heuristic-systematic model(HSM),we propose a configurational analytic framework to investigate complex casual relationships between influencing factors and payment decision.In line with this approach,we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to analyze data crawled from Zhihu.com.Findings:The number of previous consultations is a necessary element in all five equivalent configurations which lead to high intention in payment decision.The heuristic processing route plays a core role while the systematic processing route plays a peripheral role in payment decision-making process.Research limitations:Research is limited in that moderating effect of professional fields has not been considered in the framework.Practical implications:Configurations in results can assist managers of knowledge communities and paid Q&A service providers in the management of information elements to motivate more payment decision.Originality/value:This paper is one of the few studies to apply HSM theory and fsQCA method with respect to the payment decision in paid Q&A. 展开更多
关键词 Payment decision Paid Q&A Dual-process theory Configurational paradigm Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)
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Simultaneous Determination of Bufadienolides and Qualitative Evaluation for Venenum Bufonis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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作者 HUANG Hao LIANG Ming-jin +1 位作者 LUO Heng ZHANG Wei-dong 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第6期801-806,共6页
A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the simultaneous identification and qualitative evaluation of 12 bufadienolides(resibufogenin, einobufagin, cinobufaginol, arenobufagin, bufalin, bufotali... A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the simultaneous identification and qualitative evaluation of 12 bufadienolides(resibufogenin, einobufagin, cinobufaginol, arenobufagin, bufalin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, ψ-bufaranogin, desacetylcinobufagin, telocinobufagin and resibufogenol) in Venenum Bufonis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dikma C18 analytical column via gradient elution with an aqueous solution of acetonitrile and 0.3% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was validated to be acceptable in consideration of linearity(r2 〉 0.9992) and recovery(ranged from 98.9% to 102.0%). The limits of detection of the bufadienolides were from 0.48 ng for bufalin to 6.00 ng for cinobufotalin. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were less than 3.0%. The method was successfully used to analyze 19 batches of Venenum Bufonis, and the similarity values between batches were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(Version 2004A, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee, Beijing). The results show that the contents of bufadienolides in the medicine and the similarity values based on these bufadienolides varied significantly from batch to batch. This proposed method could be utilized to qualify and control Venenum Bufonis to ensure its safety and efficacy in application. 展开更多
关键词 BUFADIENOLIDE High performance liquid chromatography Simultaneous analysis qualitative evaluation Venenum Bufonis
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