Nutritional quality and safety aspects of wild vegetables consume in Bangladesh

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition, including major minerals, essential trace elements and toxic heavy metals of five different wild vegetables Dhekishak(Dryopteris filix-mas), Helencha(Enhydra fluctuans), Kalmishak(Ipomoea aquatica),Patshak(Corchorus capsularis) and Shapla stem(Nymphaea stellata) and their safety aspects.Methods: Proximate parameters moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate and energy; major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg; trace elements Fe, Zn and Cu; and toxic heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg were evaluated in the selected wild vegetables using the standard food analysis techniques.Results: The results from nutritional analysis showed that all the wild vegetables used in this study had a low content of crude fat and high content of moisture, ash, crude protein,crude fiber, carbohydrate and energy having the recommended dietary allowances. The vegetables were also rich in major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg, sufficient in essential trace elements Fe, Cu and Zn while the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Ni were detected higher in amount in all the vegetables except Patshak than the limits recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The heavy metals Cd and Hg were not detected in any vegetable.Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the wild vegetables have very good nutritional potential to meet the recommended dietary allowances, but special awareness should be taken for public health concern about the high level of Pb, Cr and Ni which exceed the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommended limits for the metals in vegetables.

Integrated Use of Organic and Bio-fertilizers to Improve Yield and Fruit Quality of Olives Grown in Low Fertility Sandy Soil in an Arid Environment

Olive productivity should be improved through stimulating nutrition,particularly under poor fertility soils.Consequently,the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of applying organic and bio-fertilizers on the physiological growth,yield and fruit quality of olive trees under newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment.During a field experiment carried out at El-Qantara,North Sinai,Egypt over two consecutive seasons(2019-2020 and 2020-2021),olive Kalamata trees were evaluated under three organic fertilizer treatments alone or in combination with three bio-fertilizers treatments.Organic fertilizer was applied as goat manure(16.8 kg/tree/year),or olive pomace(8.5 kg/tree/year)in mid-December of each season vs.untreated trees.The bio-fertilizers were applied as N-fixing bacteria(150 g/tree)was inculated in early March of each season,or amino acid mixture(1.5%)was applied three times,at 70%of full bloom,21 days after full bloom,and a month later in comparison to a non-fertilized trees(control).The cultivar used was Kalamata,a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives whose value increases when processed as table olives.The results indicated that the goat manure followed by olive pomace significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,and carotenoids),leaf mineral contents(N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe),tree canopy volume,number of flowers per inflorescence,number of inflorescences per shoot,initial fruit set,fruit retention.For fruit quality,fruit length and width,fruit weight,and total fruit yield was increased compared to the non-fertilized control.Likewise,The bio-fertilizer N-fixing bacteria followed by the amino acid mixture significantly improved all of the aforementioned parameters.Accordingly,it is recommended,both environmentally and economically to utilize organic and bio-fertizers,particularly goat manure combined with N-fixing bacteria,in low-fertility soil to sustain olive production as well as reducing mineral fertilization.

Advances and Strategies for Controlling the Quality and Safety of Postharvest Fruit

Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.

Polyphenols, Carotenoids, Vitamin C Content in Tropical Fruits and Vegetables and Impact of Processing Methods

Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC), Vitamin C and carotenoid content. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0.1 to 2853.8 mg/100g and 9.7 to 9269.7 μg/100g respectively. Fruits and vegetables from Martinique have equivalent or higher TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents than fruits and vegetables from temperate climates. Cashew apple had high values for all three parameters (55.8 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 603 mg/100g of TPC and 924 μg/100g of carotenoids). Bassignac mango and mamey apple had the highest carotenoid contents, with 3800.3 and 3199.7 μg/100g respectively. Acerola had the highest Vitamin C and polyphenol contents with 2853.8 μg/100g and 727.4 mg/100g respectively. Pigeon peas had high values for all three parameters (569.2 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 978.6 mg/100g of TPC and 364.3 μg/100g of carotenoids). Pumpkin and watercress had the highest carotenoid content, with 9269.7 and 4339 μg/100g respectively. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid content were significantly impacted by processing techniques. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents decreased by up to 75.78%, 100% and 70.18% respectively, depending on the processing technique used.

Discussions and Recommendations for Supervision of Vegetable Quality and Safety in Miyun County

Vegetable is a pillar industry of agriculture in Miyun County. Improving vegetable quality and ensuring consumers rest assured in consumption are essential for promoting increase of agricultural efficiency and farmers＇ income, and also the necessity for promoting sustainable development of vegetable industry. This paper elaborated current situations of vegetable production and quality and safety in Miyun County, summarized practice and exploration in supervision of vegetable quality and safety, and came up with recommendations for reinforcing supervision of vegetable quality and safety in view of weak points.

Effect of low-temperature plasma on the degradation of omethoate residue and quality of apple and spinach

Dielectric barrier corona discharge was developed to generate low-temperature plasma(LTP) to treat apple and spinach samples contaminated with omethoate. Experimental results showed that,after 20 min exposure, the degradation rate of omethoate residue in apple and spinach was(94.55± 0.01)% and(95.55 ± 0.01)%, respectively. When the treatment time was shorter than 20 min,the contents of moisture, vitamin C and beta-carotene were not affected by LTP. Exploration of related mechanisms suggested that LTP might destroy unsaturated double bonds of omethoate and produce phosphate ion, eventually leading to omethoate destruction. It is concluded that appropriate dosage of LTP can effectively degrade omethoate residue in fruits and vegetables without affecting their quality.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Watermelon

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of watermelon. [Methods] The scions of two different watermelon varieties Qianmei No. 1,which has yellow flesh,and Qianli No. 1,which has red flesh,were grafted onto six different rootstocks of Lagenaria and Citrullus. Then,the seedling survival rate,growth potential and fruit quality in different rootstock-scion combinations were investigated.[Results]Rootstock type showed an extremely significant correlation with the survival rate of grafted watermelon plants. The watermelons grafted onto Lagenaria rootstocks had higher survival rate and better fruit quality than those onto Cucurbita rootstocks. Among them,Jingxinzhenguan was more suitable for red-fleshed watermelon variety,and bottle gourd rootstock was more suitable for yellow-fleshed watermelon variety. There were significant correlations between rootstock type and the number of leaves,the number of branches and the length of main vine of grafted plants. The number of leaves per seedling of all grafted plants was higher than that of non-grafted plants. There were no significant differences in sugar content at the center part of flesh and total soluble sugar content of fruit between the grafted and non-grafted watermelons. In addition,the interaction between rootstock type and watermelon variety had no significant effect on vegetative growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the grafting of watermelon.

Design and Performance of a Controlled Environment Mini-chamber for Measuring Produce Quality Deterioration

To minimize losses between harvest and retail display, a system is needed to track temperature and RH exposure of fresh produce and predict its quality at each step of the distribution chain. With accurate models, such system could （1） identify problematic situations before losses occur; （2） become a management tool for decision makers; and （3） help quantify the real impact of individual inappropriate conditions. A project was initiated to develop models required for such a decision system. Because the data required to develop models were not available for most fruit and vegetables, a series of storage trials was planned for measuring changes in physiological and microbial quality, and development of physiological disorders and/or diseases, as a function of time, temperature and RH. To meet this objective, controlled environment mini-chambers were designed, built and instrumented for measuring the effect of traceable environmental conditions encountered during storage and transportation of fresh horticultural produce of similar size and shape as tomato. Detailed design and performance evaluation of these mini-chambers are presented.

Response of Peach, Plum and Almond to Water Restrictions Applied during Slowdown Periods of Fruit Growth

Water restrictions management for fruit rosaceous during slowdown periods of fruit growth can increase water use efficiency and improve fruit quality without reducing significantly their yield. In this context, two water restriction levels were tested during four consecutive seasons (2007-2011) in peach, plum and almond trees during slowdown periods of fruit growth corresponding to stage II for peach and plum and to stages II and III for almond. Water was applied by drip irrigation to produce different water-application treatments of 50% ETc (T50) and 75% ETc (T75) of non-stressed trees irrigated at 100% ETc (T100). The response of trees is presented only for the last season of the experiment (2010-2011) where the effect of the applied water stress is more pronounced. Results show that the effect of water restrictions varied depending on the species. Yield and fruit size were reduced significantly for peach only under treatment T50. Fruit quality was improved for this species with an increase of brix refractometric index and a decrease of acidity. These parameters were evolved in the same manner for plum but the observed differences were not significant. For almond, kernel quality remained unaffected by water restriction at T75. However, the epidermal wrinkles of kernels were more embossed, in response to treatment T50, which affected their appearance. Except leaf area, the evolution of shoots growth, chlorophyll content and leaf temperature showed that the physiology of all species was affected by water stress created by the application of the two irrigation treatments but without profound influence, particularly in plum. In conclusion, irrigation-water may be economized during slowdown periods of fruit growth without major negative effect up to 25% ETc for peach and almond and up to 50% ETc for plum.

Formulation and Evaluation of Lipstick with Betacyanin Pigment of <i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>(Red Dragon Fruit)

Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from H. polyrhizus and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus can utilize as Cosmeceutical.

Promising real-time fruit and vegetable quality detection technologies applicable to manipulator picking process

In recent years,worldwide research on fruit and vegetable quality detection technology includes machine vision,spectroscopy,acoustic vibration,tactile sensors,etc.These technologies have also been gradually applied to fruit and vegetable grading and sorting lines in recent years,greatly improving the income of farmers.There have been numerous reviews of these techniques.Most of the published research on fruit and vegetable quality detection technology is still carried out in the laboratory.The emphases have been on quality feature extraction,model establishment and experimental verification.The successful application in the fruit and vegetable sorting production line proves that these studies have high application potential and value,and we look forward to the performance of these sensing technologies in the fruit and vegetable picking field.Therefore,in this paper,based on the future highly automated fruit and vegetable picking mode,we will focus on three kinds of fruit and vegetable quality detection technologies including machine vision,tactile sensor and spectroscopy,to provide some reference for future research.Since there are currently limited cases of detecting quality during the fruit and vegetable picking,experiments performed on prototypes of manipulator,or devices such as Nanocilia sensors,portable spectrometers,etc.,which are compact and convenient to mount on manipulator will be reviewed.Several tables and mosaics showing the performance of the three technologies in the detection of fruit and vegetable quality over the past five years have been listed.The performance of each sensing technology was relatively satisfactory in the laboratory in general.However,in the picking scenario,there are still many challenges to be solved.Different from industrial environments,agricultural scenarios are complex and changeable.Fragile and vulnerable agricultural products pose another challenge.The development of portable devices and nanomaterials have become important breakthroughs.Optical and tactile detection methods,as well as the integration of different quality detection methods,are expected to be the trends of research and development.

中国传统发酵蔬菜中微生物多样性及其对品质形成影响研究进展

中国传统发酵蔬菜是以新鲜蔬菜为原料,通过微生物代谢和一系列化学反应而制成的发酵制品。在发酵过程中,微生物群落结构复杂,不同阶段的优势微生物发挥的作用不同,对发酵蔬菜品质、风味及安全性都有很大的影响。基于此,本文综述了中国传统发酵蔬菜中微生物多样性对发酵蔬菜品质、风味及安全性的影响,以及影响微生物多样性的非生物因素,旨在为提升发酵蔬菜品质及安全性提供理论依据。

数字化果蔬质量透明工程助力果蔬产业发展的思考与建议

我国是世界果蔬第一生产大国,果蔬品种丰富,但目前还存在标准化程度低、优质果比例不高、产品追溯体系不完善、品牌缺乏数据支持、同质化严重、优质难优价等问题。为更好地满足消费者对新鲜、营养、健康果蔬的消费需求,果蔬产业需要提品质,强品牌,促进产销对接。本文依据我国农产品质量安全相关政策法规等要求,提出数字化果蔬质量透明工程建设的理念,从实现“安全看得见、过程看得见、标准看得见、质量看得见、好吃看得见”五个维度分析了发展思路,提出以促进消费为导向,通过先进的数字化、信息化、标准化手段,加强果蔬安全与品质全面提升的技术服务体系建设,为我国果蔬产业品牌建设和可持续发展提供参考。

基于可见-近红外光谱技术的果蔬品质检测方法

可见-近红外光谱技术利用波长在380~2 500 nm的电磁波获取果蔬中有机分子含氢基团的特征信息,根据样品对不同波长光的吸收信息,实现果蔬的外部、内部缺陷及营养成分定性、定量分析,是目前主流的果蔬内外部品质快速无损检测技术。综述了目前基于吸光度谱和能量谱对果蔬营养物质含量定量分析及缺陷定性分析,所使用的检测模型和变量筛选模型及其检测准确性,为相关研究人员选择高效准确的检测模型提供技术支撑。

Power ultrasound for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables

Increasing public demands for improved safety and quality of fruits and vegetables in the fresh market,awaken a growing interest for novel technologies for the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables before storage.Ultrasound technology provides one of the methods that with better treating time,enhanced products quality,reduced chemical hazards,low consumption of energy,and is environmentally friendly.This review provides an up-to-date summary of published findings on the application of ultrasound in the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.The ultrasound devices commonly utilized,effects of power ultrasound treatment as a factor that affects decay incidence,safety and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables are included.Application challenges and research trends in the future are also analyzed.It is concluded that much progress has been achieved in this field during recent years.These achievements paved the way for the industrial-scale application of ultrasound in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables.

无损检测技术在水果品质安全和真实性的应用研究进展

在水果产量攀升和品质要求不断提高的背景下,对水果的品质、安全和真实性开展快速无损检测的需求日益迫切。本研究概述了光谱学、力学、声学、计算机视觉、电子鼻和电子舌等无损检测技术结合多种化学计量学方法在水果营养功效成分和感官属性品质特征挖掘、农药残留和病害霉变安全性检测以及原产地、品种分类、贮藏时间真实性鉴别研究中的应用。同时,本研究还从生产实际和科学研究两个方面进行了展望,可为水果的质量安全监管和消费者权益保障提供科学依据。

果蔬茶贮藏与加工过程品质调控研究现状及趋势

果蔬茶产业是我国现代农业产业体系和国民经济的重要组成部分,然而存在产后损失大,产品附加值低,综合利用水平不高等问题,制约了产业的高质量发展。实现果蔬茶贮藏加工过程的品质调控,是减损增值的关键。本文综述果蔬茶贮藏加工过程中颜色、香气、滋味、质构和营养品质调控研究现状,提出未来研究的关键科学问题为果蔬茶品质劣变的贮藏生物学基础,绿色贮藏加工技术对果蔬茶品质调控的基础理论,果蔬茶营养物质生物利用度提升和健康效应机理等3个方面,指出多维度解析品质调控机制,绿色加工技术集成创新,多学科交叉与智能化的新方向、新理念、新趋势。本文将为果蔬茶贮藏加工品质调控相关研究和产业高质量发展提供重要理论依据。

LED光处理对鲜切果蔬品质影响的研究进展

鲜切果蔬因其方便、新鲜、安全等优点而受到消费者喜爱,但果蔬经切分处理会引发微生物侵染、褐变和货架期缩短等一系列问题。发光二极管(Light-emitting diode, LED)光处理技术能降低果蔬呼吸强度,延缓衰老,且因其成本低廉、绿色安全等优点在鲜切果蔬中应用广泛。综述了LED光处理对鲜切果蔬感官品质、生理品质和表面微生物的影响,以期为LED光处理技术在鲜切果蔬保鲜应用中提供理论参考。

供应链中生鲜果蔬品质劣变机制、共性管控及智能检测技术研究进展

供应链中生鲜果蔬由于呼吸作用、蒸腾作用和乙烯释放等因素,持续消耗有机物质(如糖和淀粉),导致生鲜果蔬品质降低。在整个供应链中,生鲜果蔬的生理、生化变化受内在因素(种类与品种、产地与采收期、成熟度或生长期)和环境因素(如温度、湿度、O_(2)和CO_(2)体积分数、乙烯体积分数、挤压、撞击、振动等)的影响。目前,供应链中应用了许多采后技术来提高品质和保留率,以减少生鲜果蔬的品质劣变,提高其市场竞争力。作者简要介绍了供应链中生鲜果蔬品质劣变(如霉变、萎蔫、褐变、软化、黄化等)机制、生鲜果蔬品质劣变影响因素,以及通过采用共性管控技术减缓生鲜果蔬的品质劣变,并综述了智能标签在生鲜果蔬新鲜度检测中的研究进展。

电子鼻在果蔬贮藏保鲜中应用的研究进展

果蔬采后变化是一个复杂的生物学过程,涉及成熟、衰老和死亡等多个阶段,导致果蔬内部物质发生一系列生理、生化和微生物变化,从而影响果蔬的品质和风味。气味是果蔬品质和风味的重要指标之一,与果蔬品种、成熟度、新鲜度和采后病害等因素具有密切关系。传统的气味分析方法主要包括仪器分析(如气相色谱-质谱联用)和感官分析,但这些方法存在局限性,如气相色谱-质谱联用不能全面反映样品的整体风味,且样品前处理复杂、检测耗时长、技术成本高等;而感官分析受主观因素影响较大。电子鼻作为一种模拟生物嗅觉系统的仪器,能够快速、客观和准确地检测和识别气味信号,逐渐成为果蔬贮藏保鲜领域的研究热点。综述电子鼻在果蔬品种与产地鉴定、成熟度判断、新鲜度检测、采后病害监测、果蔬农药残留和品质评价等方面的应用进展,并分析电子鼻在实际应用中面临的挑战和问题,展望果蔬采后精准化检测的未来发展趋势,以及提出了电子鼻向专一化、智能化、实用化方向改进的可能途径,为实现果蔬品质精准化检测提供参考和技术支持。