VPLS Based Quality and Cost Control for Tennessee Eastman Process

Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.

The Application of Quality Control Circles to Reduce the Cost of Non-priced Consumables in Department of Oncology

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of using quality control circle(QCC)techniques to reduce the cost of non-priced consumables in medical oncology.Methods:Analytic statistics were compiled on the performance appraisal form.Aiming at the key points of improvement with respect to the excess cost of non-valuable consumables,the reasons were analyzed,and corresponding measures were formulated to compare the cost before and after the improvement.Results:After the QCC activity,the cost of non-priced consumables decreased from RMB 6.57/bed day to RMB 3.96/bed day.Conclusion:QCC has effectively reduced the cost of non-priced consumables in the oncology department,and it is worthy of promotion.

Memory-Type Control Charts Through the Lens of Cost Parameters

A memory-type control chart utilizes previous information for chart construction.An example of a memory-type chart is an exponentially-weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart.The EWMA control chart is well-known and widely employed by practitioners for monitoring small and moderate process mean shifts.Meanwhile,the EWMA median chart is robust against outliers.In light of this,the economic model of the EWMA and EWMA median control charts are commonly considered.This study aims to investigate the effect of cost parameters on the out-of-control average run lengthðARL_(1)Þin implementing EWMA and EWMA median control charts.The economic model was used to compute the ARL_(1) parameter.The 14 input parameters were identified and the analysis was carried out based on the one-parameter-at-a-time basis.When the input parameters change based on a predetermined percentage,the ARL_(1) is affected.According to the results of the EWMA chart,nine input parameters had an effect andfive input parameters had no effect on the ARL_(1) parameter.Further,only seven of the 14 input parameters had an effect on the ARL_(1) of the EWMA median chart.However,the effect of each input parameter on the ARL_(1) was different.Moreover,the ARL_(1) for the EWMA median chart was smaller than the EWMA chart.This analysis is crucial to observe and determine the input parameters that have a significant impact on the ARL_(1) of the EMWA and EWMA median control charts.Hence,practitioners can obtain an overview of the influence of the input parameters on the ARL_(1) when implementing the EWMA and EWMA median control charts.

Cost Control research in Construction Project Management

Construction project management as an important branch of management science has its own characteristics; it was known as an important aspect of project management in the 21 st century. Construction companies now face a more complex competitive environment and more powerful competitors. In order to compete for the market and living space, Enterprises should be in a strategic height, cultivate long- term competitive advantage. Cost management is a new tool to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, Popularization and application of Construction project management to the scientific development of the project management made the following three aspects urgent requirement. First. establish a scientific system for the construction project management. Construction Project Management knowledge system is the foundation and needs for Construction Project Management scientific and professional.

A Clustering-tree Topology Control Based on the Energy Forecast for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

How to design an energy-efficient algorithm to maximize the network lifetime in complicated scenarios is a critical problem for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN). In this paper, a clustering-tree topology control algorithm based on the energy forecast (CTEF) is proposed for saving energy and ensuring network load balancing, while considering the link quality, packet loss rate, etc. In CTEF, the average energy of the network is accurately predicted per round (the lifetime of the network is denoted by rounds) in terms of the difference between the ideal and actual average residual energy using central limit theorem and normal distribution mechanism, simultaneously. On this basis, cluster heads are selected by cost function (including the energy, link quality and packet loss rate) and their distance. The non-cluster heads are determined to join the cluster through the energy, distance and link quality. Furthermore, several non-cluster heads in each cluster are chosen as the relay nodes for transmitting data through multi-hop communication to decrease the load of each cluster-head and prolong the lifetime of the network. The simulation results show the efficiency of CTEF. Compared with low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), energy dissipation forecast and clustering management (EDFCM) and efficient and dynamic clustering scheme (EDCS) protocols, CTEF has longer network lifetime and receives more data packets at base station. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Added Value of Power Control in Improving the Integration of Wind Turbines in Weak Grid Conditions

For economical reasons, wind turbine systems must be located in favourable sites generating a higher pro- ductivity. These are often located in areas with weak electric grid infrastructures. The constraints related to this type of grids limit the penetration levels of wind energy. These constraints are mainly related to power quality in the grid as well as the economical aspects of the project. In this study, we take into account the slow voltage variations and the flicker phenomenon. The models used are based on the development of a set of relations derived from engineering knowledge related to both technical and economical points of view. The maximal penetration level of a fixed speed wind turbine system is determined for a given grid. The power control has been investigated to improve wind turbine system integration. Obtained results show the necessity to adapt technological choices to the requirements of weaker grids. Penetration levels and wind turbine cost may be greatly improved using variable speed systems.

The Impact of Health Care Reform Initiatives on Ethical Conflict and Opportunities for Nurses to Improve Quality of Care While Enhancing Their Work Environments

Background: After more than a decade of the nursing profession contending that healthcare reform based almost exclusively on cost cutting was creating an array of serious ethical issues for nurses, healthcare organizations and other providers are now facing increasing demands primarily from payers to demonstrate improvement in both quality of care and patient experience along with continued cost reduction. Research Question: Have efforts by healthcare organizations to comply with these recently imposed requirements influenced the ethical environment faced by nurses and nurse leaders and if so, how? Materials and Methods: Data for assessing the current ethical environment was gathered with a close-ended survey mailed in October 2012 to a random sample of 3000 members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of the data and comparison with the findings of a similar study conducted in 2000 indicated that along with five highly rated issues in the earlier study attributed largely to economic constraints imposed by healthcare organizations, the top-10 key ethical issues today included five issues primarily attributable to interprofessional conflict. Conclusion: Given the success of many ongoing efforts aimed at weakening these key sources of ethical conflict that have blocked many proposals to improve the quality of care, opportunities should arise for the nursing profession to more fully achieve its goals of improving the quality of care, safety and patient satisfaction and enhancing nurses’ work environments essential to that effort.

Water pollution control planning for the Taizi River watershed

Water pollution control planning for the Taizi River watershed,a typical Chinese case study,is presented in this paper. Based on comprehensive analysis.water quality in the watershed was assessed and predicated;water quality models for the river and reservoir were built;and function of water bodies and environmental assimilative capacity were determined ;and then the planning for industrial pollution sources and concentrated sewage treatment were made respectively.

船舶建造物料控制标准研究

船舶建造过程中涉及到的物料种类繁多,各具特色,它们各自在船舶建造中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文从船舶建造物料采购流程与策略、库存管理与优化、质量控制与检验等几方面研究船舶建造物料控制标准,以期能够合理地选用和管理这些物料,最终确保船舶建造的质量和效率。

超额商誉与商业信用成本:基于风险和内控视角

为厘清超额商誉与商业信用成本间的关系,从供应商与企业间融资成本视角出发,以2014—2021年沪深A股公司为样本,基于信号传递理论,分析超额商誉对商业信用成本的影响机制。研究发现:超额商誉正向影响企业商业信用成本;超额商誉通过加剧企业经营风险,进而增加商业信用成本;较高的内部控制质量对超额商誉与商业信用成本间关系起负向调节作用,且随着内部控制质量的提升,超额商誉加剧经营风险的作用会有所减少,相应其对商业信用成本的正向影响也会减弱;在独立董事比例高、高管股权激励水平高和高管薪酬激励水平低的情形下,超额商誉对商业信用成本的正向影响降低,较高的独董比例和高管股权激励能一定程度缓解超额商誉的负面影响。

公立医院医用耗材成本管控与结构优化实践——经导管肝动脉栓塞术中载药栓塞微球的使用管控案例分析

公立医院医用耗材的成本管控与结构优化有利于其从粗放式的控费管理转变为科学化、精细化管理。在保证医疗质量的前提下,降低患者诊疗负担,符合公立医院高质量发展需求,是实现价值医疗的必经之路。某三级甲等医院综合医用耗材医疗价值和经济价值双重管理属性,结合专科能力建设与病种结构优化,探索基于病种/术种的医用耗材标准路径及使用规范,建立“一科(专科)一策、一术(术种)一策、一耗(耗材)一策”的专项耗材使用分析及改进措施,通过贯彻载药栓塞微球的使用论证、召开多部门整改会议、严控载药栓塞微球使用适应症、限制载药栓塞微球研究路径开展人员、对进口载药栓塞微球进行谈判降价等措施,实现入组经导管肝动脉栓塞术的出院患者在病例组合指数(CMI)均值从2.23升至2.34(P<0.001)的前提下,次均耗材费用从1.96万降至1.56万(P<0.001),可为全国同行提供决策参考和工作借鉴。

建筑业钢筋工程质量追溯及成本控制研究——以广西自治区的建筑业钢筋加工为例

国家提出要持续开展绿色建筑创建行动,落实碳达峰碳中和目标任务,加快转变“大量建设、大量消耗、大量排放”的建设方式,推动城乡建设绿色发展。在建筑工业化领域实施智能建造模式是推动实现这一目标的有力举措,使整个工程实际施工实现从传统现场施工到项目的工厂化生产,有助于解决人力资源不足和技术水平参差不齐的痛点,从而有效提高工程建造的效率和控制施工成本。本文以智能建造为切入点,基于钢筋智能化生产加工领域内实际生产成本数据,将数据同步至质量追溯系统,分析当前成本控制效果,为钢筋加工智能化生产领域的成本控制提供降本增效措施建议,为推广成型钢筋应用提供数据支撑,进一步推动智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展。

借力DRG支付模式 提升医疗质量安全

在医疗支付面临老龄化社会与医保可持续性挑战的当下,疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related group,DRG)不仅是支付管理工具,且涉及预算管理、医疗质量安全等多个方面,构建了全面的医疗管理工具组套。然而,如何进一步发掘DRG支付模式的潜力、激发内生动力、充分发挥其正向激励作用,仍需不断探索和实践。本文从诊疗规范化、指南本土化、医源性损害最小化、经济学评价普及化等维度展开,阐述在DRG支付模式下如何优化诊疗流程、规范诊疗行为,以及应对平衡成本控制与临床技术创新的挑战与机遇。

实施环境管理体系认证对企业成本粘性的影响

环境管理体系认证对提高企业资源配置效率,促进中国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文使用2008—2020年A股上市公司数据,研究环境管理体系认证对企业成本粘性的影响及其作用机制。实证分析结果表明,实施环境管理体系认证可以有效降低企业的成本粘性。机制检验结果表明,环境管理体系认证通过提高企业内部控制质量和促进企业绿色创新降低企业的成本粘性。异质性分析结果表明,国有企业和非重污染行业的企业实施环境管理体系认证对其成本粘性的影响效果更明显。本文的研究证实了环境管理体系认证的积极作用,将这一重要因素纳入成本粘性动因的分析框架,能够助力企业实现环境治理与成本管理的协同效应。

DIP改革下医院以价值为导向的质量和成本双控制管理对策

目的:分析DIP支付方式改革对公立医院的影响,探讨基于价值医疗为导向的医院医保和运营模式的转变,为公立医院高质量管理提供参考。方法:主要从质量管理和成本管控两方面着手,构建病种战略管理、一体化临床路径、病案首页质量管理、无效成本管控等精细化运营管理体系,并形成自我强化监督的机制。结果:医院提高管理效能,趋向于医、保、患三方利益均衡。结论:以价值为导向的DIP付费倒逼公立医院管理的变革,促使公立医院回归价值医疗的本质。公立医院应站在更高角度,顺应改革需求,克服改革中的困难,持续动态优化和调整,实现高质量发展。

建筑材料质量的检测与控制策略分析

材料质量问题一直是影响建筑工程施工质量及效率的重要因素。为了确保建筑工程建设的有效性与效率,施工中需要落实有效的建筑材料质量检测及控制工作,分别通过分析材料性能、材料使用可行性等,挑选建筑工程的材料应用方案,才能够解决材料质量问题对建筑工程造成的影响。因此,笔者结合实际案例进行分析,探讨了建筑材料质量对建筑工程造成的主要影响,以及施工中应当使用的建筑材料质量检测与控制方法。

建筑师搭建综合设计管理平台研究

基于设计企业开展总承包服务模式的大背景,文章着力解析综合设计管理平台的特点,从多角度重点阐述建筑师在平台搭建过程中的重要价值。文章从计划管控、质量管控、分包管控、成本管控四个方面切入,以文字、图表的方式进行分析研究,最终验证综合设计管理平台可以让建筑师更好地统筹规划和协同运作,以此赋予项目更高的建筑师附加值。文章勉励当代建筑师,站在一个更高的角度不断提高自身职业素养。

信息化管理平台下造价咨询项目实施进度跟踪与质量管控策略

为了提高造价咨询项目实施进度跟踪效率与质量管控水平,在信息化管理平台下,开展了造价咨询项目实施进度跟踪与质量管控策略研究。分析信息化管理平台的功能与特点,基于其功能与特点,构建集信息采集、存储、处理、分析、共享和管理于一体的信息化管理平台,在此基础上,提出了以制定造价咨询项目实施计划、建立进度跟踪体系、实施进度跟踪与调整、规范化造价咨询项目审计工作、建立质量管控机制为核心的项目实施进度跟踪与质量管控策略,为项目实施进度跟踪与质量管控提供基础保障。

招标控制价对工程项目质量和成本的双重影响评估

在当前经济与环境背景下,政府工程项目的成本效益与质量控制尤为重要。招标控制价作为一种重要的成本控制手段,对于确保工程项目在预算内完成并满足质量标准具有不可忽视的作用。然而,招标控制价的设定与实施过程中存在的不足,如过度设计、施工方案不合理等问题,常常导致资源浪费与投资效率低下。文章旨在探讨招标控制价对工程项目的成本与质量的影响,并通过案例分析,揭示优化设计、施工方案的重要性;同时,还探讨土石方平衡与石方利用的策略,以减少不必要的投资浪费,促进工程项目的经济与环境可持续性;最后提出了一系列实现成本与质量双重优化的策略,为政府工程项目管理提供新的视角和方法。

网格化管理在医疗监护设备质量控制管理中的应用价值分析

目的 研究网格化管理在医疗设备质量控制管理中的应用价值,为提高医疗设备管理质量提供参考。方法 广西中医药大学第一附属医院于2023年1月起对院内所有监护设备实施网格化质控管理,2022年9—12月对539台监护设备进行常规质控管理,设置为对照组,2023年1—3月对539台监护设备在常规质量控制管理基础上采取网格化管理,设置为研究组,比较两组在管理质量、运行质量、成本效益等方面的差异性。结果 研究组监护设备日常维护管理数据中临床操作、信息数据、质量控制检测、维护维修、报废处理维度管理质量评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组监护设备使用年限指数、运行利润均显著高于对照组,工程师维护费用支出显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组监护设备开机率、设备功能完好率、设备运转率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 网格化管理在医疗监护设备质量控制管理中的运用,有效提高了医疗设备的临床服务收益,且在提升监护设备运行质量及管理水平方面发挥了重要作用,值得推广。