A HybridManufacturing ProcessMonitoringMethod Using Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit and Random Forest

This study proposed a new real-time manufacturing process monitoring method to monitor and detect process shifts in manufacturing operations.Since real-time production process monitoring is critical in today’s smart manufacturing.The more robust the monitoring model,the more reliable a process is to be under control.In the past,many researchers have developed real-time monitoring methods to detect process shifts early.However,thesemethods have limitations in detecting process shifts as quickly as possible and handling various data volumes and varieties.In this paper,a robust monitoring model combining Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)and Random Forest(RF)with Real-Time Contrast(RTC)called GRU-RF-RTC was proposed to detect process shifts rapidly.The effectiveness of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model is first evaluated using multivariate normal and nonnormal distribution datasets.Then,to prove the applicability of the proposed model in a realmanufacturing setting,the model was evaluated using real-world normal and non-normal problems.The results demonstrate that the proposed GRU-RF-RTC outperforms other methods in detecting process shifts quickly with the lowest average out-of-control run length(ARL1)in all synthesis and real-world problems under normal and non-normal cases.The experiment results on real-world problems highlight the significance of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model in modern manufacturing process monitoring applications.The result reveals that the proposed method improves the shift detection capability by 42.14%in normal and 43.64%in gamma distribution problems.

Frame Design and Reality of On-line Quality Control System for CNC Machining Center Based on Microcomputer

After giving a short review of the methods used for detecting and monitoring in general systems, this paper describes the way of communication between computer and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining Center (MC). Based on these, the paper addresses the means of performing in cycle measurement for manufacturing quality, provides an approach of improving the state of manufacturing process by achieving the real time change of control parameters according to the level of manufacturing process, and discusses the technique of implementing in process dimensional errors compensation corresponding to the in cycle measurement. The results of the experiments show that the frame design is successful and the operation is reliable. The system is taking shape nowadays.

Study on Division Method of Quality Monitoring Control Area Based on Comprehensive Cultivated Land Attribute

The quality change of cultivated land resources requires the scientific deployment of monitoring areas.In this study,Yuzhou City is taken as an example to divide the quality monitoring control areas through the study of natural quality,utilization level,income level,and utilization characteristics,etc.Compared with the traditional administrative unit division or cultivated land quality division method,the regional homogeneity of this study is stronger,and there are quality differences between regions.It provides precondition and precision guarantee for the monitoring of cultivated land quality.

A Modification of SOM Network(SLFM) and Its Applications in Tool Wear Monitoring and Quality Control

In this paper, a Supervised Linear Feature Mapping(SLFM) algorithm, as a modification of the Kohonen Self Organizing Mapping (SOM),is proposed. The applications in cutting tool wear estimation and quality control and the comparison with a back propagation (BP) algorithm are discussed. The results show that the SLFM algorithm requires less training time and has higher accuracy compared with the BP algorithm. It might be a great potential approach to integrate multi sensor information in process control.

Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring and Control: Recent Developments and Applications to Chemical Industry

Multivariate statistical process monitoring and control (MSPM&C) methods for chemical process monitoring with statistical projection techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) are surveyed in this paper. The four-step procedure of performing MSPM&C for chemical process, modeling of processes, detecting abnormal events or faults, identifying the variable(s) responsible for the faults and diagnosing the source cause for the abnormal behavior, is analyzed. Several main research directions of MSPM&C reported in the literature are discussed, such as multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) for batch process, statistical monitoring and control for nonlinear process, dynamic PCA and dynamic PLS, and on-line quality control by inferential models. Industrial applications of MSPM&C to several typical chemical processes, such as chemical reactor, distillation column, polymerization process, petroleum refinery units, are summarized. Finally, some concluding remarks and future considerations are made.

VPLS Based Quality and Cost Control for Tennessee Eastman Process

Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.

Design and Application of the Automatic Monitoring System for Wastewater Source in Shandong Province

In order to realize real-time online monitoring of the wastewater source enterprises,manage and issue monitoring information,this paper comprehensively uses automatic control,embedded data acquisition and transmission,distributed computing and data processing,geographic information system,etc.to develop automatic monitoring system of the wastewater source in Shandong Province.This system incorporates automatic monitoring information acquisition,transmission and daily work as an organic whole.The system realizes not only the continuous online monitoring of wastewater source enterprise,but also the deep excavation and utilization on monitoring information.It provides scientific and objective basis for energy saving,consumption reduction,carbon emission reduction,total amount control and other environmental management works,and meets the requirements of environmental management and related departments to wastewater source management.

Study on Factors Influencing the Quality of Automatic Monitoring Data of Pollution Sources and Technical Assurance Measures

Automatic monitoring data of pollution sources is an important basis for environmental supervision and management.At present,it is difficult to guarantee the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources,and it is difficult to play the role of the monitoring data.In response to this problem,the factors influencing the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources were analyzed in detail,and technical assurance measures for the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources in Shandong Province were studied.Besides,the dynamic management and control idea of automatic monitoring of pollution sources was proposed,and specific technical measures were analyzed from five aspects of standardizing automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources,improving the data collection and transmission system,establishing a mechanism for reporting operating status information of monitoring equipment,setting alarm rules and alarm processing procedures,and statistically analyzing the operating status of the equipment.Practice has proved that the dynamic management and control system can effectively ensure the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources.

Preliminary Tests of a Kerma-Area Product (KAP) Meter to Be Used as a Monitor Chamber in a Conventional Diagnostic X Ray System

This study presents the results of the preliminary tests performed using a kerma-area product (KAP) meter in order to verify its usefulness as a monitor chamber in a clinical X ray system, which will be used in ionization chambers’ quality control program. The tests performed were repeatability, surface measurement uniformity, linearity with tube current, measurement variation changing the distance and field size, KAP chamber radiation attenuation, and energy dependence. The KAP meter has presented a good repeatability (a maximum variation of 0.4%);its surface has a homogeneous response (a maximum variation of 1.0% among the different irradiated regions);the response is linear with the tube current and the variation of the PKA along the distance is less than 3.43%. On the other hand, the results obtained for chamber attenuation and energy dependence show that some corrections must be applied when the measurements are made. The results have shown a good performance of the KAP meter, confirming that it is possible to use this instrument as a monitor chamber. However, it is important to highlight that some correction factors for energy dependence and chamber radiation attenuation must be considered.

The Calibration and Use of a New Ring-Shaped Ionization Chamber for Monitoring and Dosimetry of X-Ray Beams

Today, dosimeters are used generally for dosimetry of the diagnostic X-ray beam. Ionization chambers are appropriate instruments for monitoring and also the dosimetry of X-ray beam in medical diagnostic equipment. The present work introduces design and investigation of a new ring-shaped monitor chamber with a PMMA body, graphite-coated PMMA windows (0.5 mm thick), a special graphite-foil central electrode (0.1 mm thick, 0.7 g/cm3 dense) that creating two sensitive volumes and a central hole for crossing the radiation beam with less attenuation. The results of performance tests conducted at the Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI in Karaj- Iran proved the high short and long-term stability, the very low leakage current, the low directional dependence and very high ion collection efficiency through the special design of the collecting electrode. Moreover, the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations certified the negligible effect of central electrode on this new ring-shaped monitor chamber. According to the results of the performance tests, the new monitor chamber can be used as a standard dosimeter in order to monitor X-ray beam in primary standard dosimetry laboratories.

Management System Activities of the Operation and Utilization of GHARR-1

The Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) is a 34 kW low enriched uranium (LEU) Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR), tank-in-pool type and cooled by natural circulation under atmospheric pressure operating conditions. GHARR-1 is owned by Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) and operated by National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), one of the institutes of GAEC. GHARR-1 is housed by Nuclear Reactors Research Centre (NRRC), one of the Centres of NNRI. Management/Administration, Radiation protection, Reactor operation and maintenance, Reactor utilization and Physical protection are the various systems/units that integrate to manage the activities of operation and utilization of GHARR-1 in addition to the quality assurance and quality control management system of the research reactor facility. The GHARR-1 which is currently in operation follows a robust maintenance culture adopted by the management system and this has made it possible to keep the reactor in operation with minimal interruption. The management system activities adopted at the Centre to ensure safety of the workers, public and the research reactor facility include authorization of the operation of the reactor for any experiments/modifications;providing material and financial resources for maintaining the research reactor facility;following standard procedures while carrying out Neutron Activation Analysis;participation in IAEA proficiency test;irradiation sites/positions characterization;following standard procedures while carrying out reactor operation and maintenance including reactor and pool water purification and other related activities;monitoring radiation levels in the controlled, supervised and uncontrolled areas of the research reactor facility as well as during reactor operation and maintenance;controlling the physical entry of the workers and public into the research reactor facility;and ensuring that the security structures provided to protect the reactor facility are functioning properly. The thorough knowledge on the functions of the various components that make up the electrical/electronic and control systems of the reactor has been observed to be important for continuous successful maintenance of the research reactor to keep the reactor in operation. This work provides some management system activities adopted to monitor the activities of the research reactor operation and utilization to guarantee safety of workers, public and the environment as well as to safeguard a continuous operation of the research reactor. These management system activities adopted among others, are in the form of Monitoring Forms provided for monitoring the activities of the research reactor operation and utilization in order to ensure standard procedures and specifications are followed and quality services are rendered to the public.

基于STM32和Android的智能家居系统设计

为设计可通过Android智能手机控制的智能家居系统,以STM32F407ZGT6单片机为控制中心,使用PM2.5传感器GP2Y1051A、烟雾与可燃气体传感器MQ2、硫化物与苯系等有害气体传感器MQ135、气压传感器BMP180、数字温度传感器DS18B20和光敏电阻等完成对空气质量、气压、温度和光照度等的检测,使用4.3寸TFT电容触摸彩屏实现人机交互,由Wi-Fi模块连接远程因特网云服务器。实验证明,操作者能通过Android应用程序远程实时监控家居系统;紧急情况下,可经过GSM网络在5 s内给使用者手机发送报警短消息。系统具有性能良好,操作简单方便,成本低廉的优点,适合在智能化市场上推广应用。

基于Android的空气质量监控系统设计与应用

为使环保工作人员能实时浏览各大气监控点位的空气质量数据变化情况，掌握大气空气质量污染状态，以便及时采取应对措施，借助网络和电子科学技术自主研发了适用于安卓系统、由多个功能模块构成的空气质量监控手机应用软件（app）。该手机app客户端的成功应用，更有利于新时代环保工作者相关工作的开展。

A Rapid and Simple Quantitative Method for the Active Ingredients of Aescin in the Extraction Process Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

To achieve a rapid and simple detection for the active ingredients of Aescin in the extraction process using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to realize the state monitoring and quality control of the extraction process. Partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to build the near-infrared calibration models, and the applicability of the model was investigated by predicting the unknown samples in the extraction process. The correlation coefficients of the established Aescin models (A, B, C, D) were 0.9836, 0.9831, 0.9833, 0.9824, and the prediction standard deviations (SEP) were 0.05636, 0.05043, 0.02412, 0.05636, respectively. This study suggests that the proposed model has superior stability and accuracy. NIR spectroscopy technique provides a novel efficient and environmentally friendly approach to the rapid determination of four Aescin key quality indicators (A, B, C, D) in the extraction, which was solved the problem that the lack of state monitoring during the extraction of Aescin, thereby improved the quality of Aescin.

An IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network: Application to Monitoring the Elderly at Home

Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.

环孢素A和他克莫司的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测及其室内质控评价

目的建立环孢素A和他克莫司治疗药物监测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)质控方法,应用Westgard多规则理论对质控样品进行评估。方法利用HPLC-MS/MS建立人全血中环孢素A和他克莫司的血药浓度检测方法。对治疗药物监测过程中低、中、高3个浓度水平的质控样品进行统计分析,绘制Levery-Jennings和Z分数质控图,应用Westgard多规则理论进行室内质控评估。结果环孢素A和他克莫司的线性范围分别为10.40~1040.00和0.50~49.50 ng·mL^(-1),定量下限分别为10.40和0.50 ng·mL^(-1),提取回收率分别为108.61%~113.24%和101.99%~109.37%,内标归一化的基质因子分别为106.68%~111.27%和95.70%~97.81%,日内和日间的准确度及精密度均小于15.0%,其他参数也均符合生物样本定量分析要求。Levery-Jennings和Z分数质控图显示,2022年第三季度26组质控样品的检测结果提出警告4次(违反12s规则),未出现失控现象。结论建立的环孢素A和他克莫司治疗药物监测室内质控体系能够有效保障血药浓度检测的准确性。

黄淮冲积平原地区高速铁路螺杆桩复合地基应用研究

依托郑徐客运专线兰考南站路基工程螺杆桩复合地基项目,通过试桩和桩身质量检测,总结黄淮冲积平原地区螺杆桩关键施工工艺和质量控制措施,同时对螺杆桩承载力特性及复合地基进行工后沉降分析。结果表明:黄淮冲积平原地区粉质黏土、粉砂、细砂、圆砾土土层中可以形成螺杆桩螺纹段桩身,成桩质量良好;螺杆桩单桩承载力和复合地基承载力满足设计要求;该地区同等条件下,螺杆桩极限承载力较普通灌注桩提高约24%;复合地基沉降主要发生在填筑期;双曲线法预测得出三个观测断面工后沉降量均小于15mm,满足无砟轨道铺设要求。

水产预制食品品质控制及智能监测技术研究进展

近年来,预制菜因其食用方便、获取便捷的特点市场规模不断扩大,然而因氧化、微生物作用、内源酶降解导致的水产预制食品品质劣变问题日益凸显。随着水产预制食品产业的不断发展,调控水产预制食品品质,监测水产预制食品质量变化,对产品品质保持及预制菜产业发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,该研究从预制工艺、包装方式、杀菌技术角度探讨了水产预制食品品质调控方式,并从检测标签、机器学习、全链条监测角度总结了水产预制食品品质智能监测方法,以期为水产预制食品品质控制、智能监测及预制菜产业高质量发展提供参考和依据。

多波束测深声呐自主数据质量监测及门限控制

为满足水面无人艇等海洋无人平台的需求,确保多波束测深声呐系统在无人监控和参数调节下具备可靠自主工作能力,本文提出一种数据质量在线监测及门限参数控制方法。通过建立基于质量和异常因子的监测模型,结合粒子滤波技术,提高海底地形跟踪门限控制抗差性。仿真和湖上试验显示该方法能判定数据有效性、适应地形变化,并提供合理深度门限,适用于多波束测深声呐系统的在线数据质量监测和无人自主控制。

水生生物监测质量保证、质量控制与标准化:动态与展望

水生生物监测是流域水生态状况评价的重要基础,监测数据的准确性和可靠性直接影响水生态环境质量评价与流域水生态管理成效。目前我国水生生物监测质量保证和质量控制体系尚处于持续完善的阶段,关键环节的控制要求和质控目标等亟待明确和细化。本文总结了欧美发达国家水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系建设中的经验,通过梳理我国水生生物监测工作基础与进展,较为系统地提出了适合我国现状的水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系标准化建设对策建议,包括实验室内部和外部质量保证与质量控制、水生生物监测质控数据库、人工智能识别和环境DNA新技术质控要点等标准化建议,为实现水生生物监测业务化运行,准确评估我国流域水生态质量状况的变化提供技术支撑。