Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades

Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.

Safety impact of piled municipal solid waste dumps in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region on water quality

The safety of water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)is very important.Protections and remediation of environment safety are very crucial for guaranteeing TGR environmental quality.When piled municipal solid waste(MSW) dumps are submerged without treatment,pollutants in the MSW will leach into the water and threaten the water safety of the reservoir.Based on the surveys of the amount,distribution and characteristics of piled MSW in the TGR area,this study focusing on the MSW dumps at the water leve...

Relationship between Water Quality and Stream Grade,Landscape Background of Hongfeng Lake Watershed in Guizhou Province

Xiayun Township watershed in the upper reaches of Hongfeng Lake is selected to study the relationship between stream grade and water quality.Turbidity and ammonium nitrogen concentration are obviously related to the stream grade,generally speaking,are positively correlated,and the water quality is degrading from the upper reaches to the lower reaches.In the future,the influence of different land use types on the water quality should be fully analyzed on the basis of enhancing the water quality monitoring to provide supports for effectively controlling non-point source pollutions and treating the water environment of Hongfeng Lake.

Effects of PM2.5 Exposure in Different Air Quality Grades on Daily Outpatient Visits for Childhood Asthma in Shijiazhuang, China

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that is more prevalent in children than in adults.China has seen an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in recentdecades[1].Earlier studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM),particularly fine particulate matter(PM2.5)[2],is an important factor triggering childhood asthma. Since nationalPM2.5data were nota vailabl euntil 2013,

Update of Cultivated Land Quality Grade Based on GIS—A Case Study of a County in Guangxi

The quality of cultivated land has an important influence on agricultural output, food security, sustainable development and the ability of using cultivated land resources. As the trend of cultivated land quality is getting more and more attention, in order to strengthen the management of cultivated land quality, improve the precision of cultivated land quality and other achievements, and maintain the current situation of cultivated land quality and other achievements. For this paper, taking A county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, with the support of GIS, the paper studies the grade and grade renewal of cultivated land by using the superposition method, studies the grade and grade change of regional cultivated land and its spatial distribution, grasps the status quo change of cultivated land and the grade and grade change of cultivated land caused by the quality construction of cultivated land in the year, and then provides scientific data for land use plan, land consolidation and cultivates land protection.

Duodenum and ventral pancreas preserving subtotal pancreatectomy for low-grade malignant neoplasms of the pancreas: An alternative procedure to total pancreatectomy for low-grade pancreatic neoplasms

AIM To describe the indications, technique and outcomes of the novel surgical procedure of duodenum and ventral pancreas preserving subtotal pancreatectomy(DVPPSP).METHODS Data collected retrospectively from 43 patients who underwent DVPPSP and TP between 2009 and 2015 in our single centre were analysed. For enrolment, only patients with low-grade pancreatic neoplasms, such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs), and solid pseudopapillary tumors, were included. Ten DVPPSP(group 1) and 13 TP(group 2) patients were selected in this study.RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, gender, comorbidities, preoperative symptoms, American Society of Anesthesiologists score or indications for surgery between the two groups. The most common indication was IPMN for DVPPSP and TP(60% vs 85%, P = 0.411). Compared with the TP group, the DVPPSP group had comparable postoperative morbidities(P = 0.405) and mortalities(both nil), but significantly shorter operative time(232 ± 19.6 min vs 335 ± 32.3 min, P < 0.001). DVPPSP preserved better long-term pancreatic function with less supplementary therapy(P < 0.001) and better quality of life(Qo L) after surgery, including better scores in social(P = 0.042) and global health(P = 0.047) on functional scales and less appetite loss(P = 0.049) on the symptom scale. CONCLUSION DVPPSP is a feasible and safe procedure that could be an alternative to TP for low-grade neoplasms arising from the body and tail region but across the neck region of the pancreas; DVPPSP had better metabolic function and Qo L after surgery.

Reliability of design approaches for axially loaded offshore piles and its consequences with respect to the North Sea

In the near future, several offshore wind farms are planned to be built in the North Sea. Therefore, jacket and tripod constructions with mainly axially loaded piles are suitable as support structures. The current design of axial bearing resistance of these piles leads to deviant results regarding the pile resistance when different design methods are adopted. Hence, a strong deviation regarding the required pile length must be addressed. The reliability of a design method can be evaluated based on a model error which describes the quality of the considered design method by comparing measured and predicted pile bearing resistances. However, only few pile load tests are reported with regard to the boundary conditions in the North Sea. This paper presents 6 large-scale axial pile load tests which were incorporated within a new model error approach for the current design methods used for the axial bearing resistance,namely API Main Text method and cone penetration test(CPT)-based design methods, such as simplified ICP-05, offshore UWA-05, Fugro-05 and NGI-05 methods. Based on these new model errors, a reliabilitybased study towards the safety was conducted by performing a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition,consequences regarding the deterministic pile design in terms of quality factors were evaluated. It is shown that the current global safety factor(GSF) prescribed and the partial safety factors are only valid for the API Main Text and the offshore UWA-05 design methods; whereas for the simplified ICP-05,Fugro-05 and NGI-05 design methods, an increase in the required embedded pile length and thus in the GSF up to 2.69, 2.95 and 3.27, respectively, should be considered to satisfy the desired safety level according to DIN EN 1990 of b ? 3.8. Further, quality factors for each design method on the basis of all reliability-based design results were derived. Hence, evaluation of each design method regarding the reliability of the pile capacity prediction is possible.

Analysis and Forecast of China’s Grain Supply and Demand Quality Grade Structural Balance

Based on the analysis of China’s grain production and demand quality grade, this paper uses the non-equidistance GM (1,1) model and the inference algorithm to predict the structural balance of the supply and demand grades of China’s four major grain crops. The results show that the supply and demand for wheat, corn and rice can maintain a quantitative balance. While, it’s difficult to achieve a quality grade balance in wheat and rice and keep a supply and demand balance in terms of quantity and quality of soybean. Simultaneously, the supply of premium grade corn is greater than the demand. The analysis and prediction results can reflect the existing structural balance matter of grain supply and demand at different quality grades in China, and provide theoretical basis for governments to formulate relevant policies.

Dynamic estimation and reliability control of quality assurance for bored piles

A systematic method was proposed to estimate the occurrence probability of defective piles(OPDP) from a site according to quality assurance inspection. The OPDP was firstly suggested as the criterion to weight the performance of a pile foundation. Its prior distribution and updating distribution were deduced to follow Beta distributions. To calibrate the OPDP, a dynamic estimation model was established according to the relationships between prior mean and variance and updating mean and variance. Finally, a reliability-control method dealing with uncertainties arising from quality assurance inspection was formalized to judge whether all the bored piles from a site can be accepted. It is exemplified that the OPDP can be substantially improved when more definite prior information and sampling formation become available. For the example studied herein, the Bayesian estimator of updating variance for OPDP is reduced from 0.0037 to 0.0014 for the first inspection, from 0.0014 to 0.0009 for the second inspection, and with less uncertainty by incorporating experience information.

Quality Control Measures of Bored Pile in Bridge Construction

In order to improve the quality of bored piles in bridge construction and ensure the overall quality of the bridge,we analyzed a series of problems in the construction process of bored piles,then propose corresponding quality control measures,in hopes of improving quality control of bored piles in bridge construction in our country.

Characteristic Analysis and Comprehensive Control for the Horizontal Stripes of High-Grade Automotive Panels in Continuous Annealing

As to the horizontal stripes defect which exist on the surface of the high-grade automotive panels in continuous annealing process, an effective comprehensive control method is proposed on the basis of full consideration of the equipment and technological features of continuous annealing line. With five field tests as basis, the generation mechanism of the defect was analysised in detail and the comprehensive control measures were put forward. According to actual situation, a detailed technical plan was worked out .Then the relevant technologies were applied to a 1850 continuous annealing line. The statistics shows that this program acquired good effects. The incidence of horizontal stripes defect decreased from 100% to 2.78%. Meanwhile, the surface quality of strip also improved effectively, which created a larger economic benefit.

Performance of bottleneck shifting for remanufacturing system considering returns' quality grading

Aimed at the remanufacturing system, the effect of the uncertainty of returns＇ quality on bottleneck shifting is investigated. A novel definition of bottleneck station is presented and the probability of a station becoming a bottleneck is also given. By calculating the effective output, the effective operation time （EOT） and the ratio of EOT of each station, the system＇s current bottleneck of effective output time is determined. By calculating the probability coefficient of variation and index of bottleneck shifting, the quantitative performance of bottleneck shifting is obtained. Discrete event simulation and the experiment design method are adopted to simulate the system, in which the proportion of quality grading, repair rates and process routes are considered. The case study shows that the uncertainty of returns＇ quality greatly increases the probability of bottleneck shifting, and with the increase of the discrete degree of the returns＇ repair rate, the bottleneck shifting phenomenon is more obvious. Furthermore, bottleneck shifting is closely related to the process route of the dominating returns＇ quality grade.

Improvement of Evaluation Methods for Cultivated Land Quality

As the existing cultivated land quality evaluation index system is unable to accurately evaluate the quality of cultivated land after land remediation,a modified land use coefficient method was established in this study to calculate the land use coefficient of cultivated land after land remediation. An evaluation index system was first established for the land utilization level of cultivated land in the remediation areas.After that,the land utilization level index before and after the remediation was evaluated separately. The ratio of the two was used as the correction factor to correct the original land use coefficient. The corrected land use coefficient was used to evaluate the quality of cultivated land. The quality evaluation and verification of the land remediation areas in Yuzhou City were conducted. It was found that the land use coefficient corrected by the modified method was more consistent with that calculated by production method 5 years after the project acceptance. It suggests that the modified land use coefficient method reflects the impact of land remediation on the quality of cultivated land,and it is more suitable compared with the production method for the quality evaluation of cultivation land in remediation areas.

Effect of Storage Time on Main Quality Indicators of Cotton

The quality indicators of cotton will change during storage.Taking the 5.89 million t of Xinjiang cotton from 2016 to 2021 as a sample,this paper analyzed the main fiber quality indicator data of warehouse-in and warehouse-out cotton for storage of 1.5,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,and 7.0 years.It was found that the color grade of cotton decreased with the extension of storage time.The cotton with storage time of 5.0 years mainly changed from white cotton grade 2 and white cotton grade 3 to light yellow stained cotton grade 1 and yellow stained cotton grade 1.Among them,the increase of light yellow stained cotton grade 1 was the largest,and the change to yellow stained cotton grade 1 was the largest at the storage 6.0-7.0 years.In addition,there were no significant changes in moisture regain,Micronaire value,upper half mean length,length uniformity index and fiber strength.

County scale spatial differential characteristics of cultivated land use grade: A case of Binchuan County

Land resource is the material foundation of human survival and economic development, and the cultivated land is the essence of land resources. This paper takes the county scale, by using the method of GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis unifies, to explore the quality of cultivated land in Binchuan County using level, and explain the utilization level of county cultivated land quality spatial differentiation characteristics. The results showed that:(1) in the quantity of cultivated land quality and utilization level, the average utilization of paddy land was greater than that of dry land, and the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land and so on. Among them, the paddy land ranged from grade 6 to 15, the average utilization was grade 11.6; dry land ranged from grade 2 to 11, the average utilization was grade 5.9; comprehensive range of cultivated land is grade 2 to 15, the average utilization was grade 8.1;(2) the quality of cultivated land utilization spatial differentiation. Paddy field, dry land and cultivated land and large value distribution in the central and southern, inverted V shape distribution; the smaller the value distribution in the East and West, a dumbbell shaped distribution. Among them, they don't use a larger value of paddy land distributed in the central, South and southwest, the maximum value is 14.3, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 7; the larger the value distribution by the dry land in the South and West, the maximum value is grade 10.2, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East. The minimum value is grade 2.3; the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land don't distributed larger value in the central, South and south-west, the maximum value is grade 12.7, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 3.5. This paper can provide scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality, the transformation of low yield farmland and the early warning of cultivated land pressure.

Perioperative Nursing Care Experience of a Case of Postoperative Recurrent Grade Ⅱ-Ⅰ Left Frontal Astrocytoma

Objective:To investigate the effect and value of perioperative nursing intervention on postoperative recurrent grade II-I left frontal astrocytoma.Method:Nursing care procedures:left frontal lobe of the patient was occupied by a large space.Clinical teaching of nursing was strengthened.Preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative care and ward patrol were enhanced.Close attention was paid on consciousness,pupil,vital signs,body temperature,lungs condition,cranial and nerve function of the patient.Extra care was taken in keeping the incision clean and dry.Blood diffusion condition in wound was observed.Active cooperation with doctor was taken to prevent occurrence of pulmonary infection,urinary tract infection,pressure ulcer and other complication.Results:After operation,the patient had stable condition,clear mind and consciousness.There was no occurrence of epilepsy but intracranial hemorrhage.Pneumatosis was relieved.There was no infection and other complication.Conclusion:Application of comprehensive nursing intervention could effectively improve quality of life of patient and reduce incidence of postoperative complication in patients with brain tumor.

Application of CFG Pile Construction Technology for Soft Foundation Treatment

CFG pile has been widely applied as one of the common ground treatment techniques. As a concealed work, the construction quality of pile foundation not only relates to the success of the project, but also concerns the benefits of thousands of hot, seholds. Only strengthening the supervision and management during the construction and strictly designing and specifying CFG pile can ensure the construction quality of CFG pile. But most researches focus on operating mechanism and theoretical analysis, and there are fewer researches about the construction of CFG pile. The real construction of CFG pile has no specified operation and lacks of the construction guidance, which not only causes great problems and has great influence on the intensity of CFG pile, but also makes the real pile body have great difference from the design requirements. Therefore, the study on construction of CFG pile in the paper has great significance.

Research on Grade Renewing of Cultivated Land at County Level:A Case Study of Daxing District,Beijing

To create a scientific way to renew the grades of cultivated land at county level, monitoring points were set up according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land in Daxing District, Beijing, and soil samples were collected to carry out chemical analysis. Afterwards, the input and output data of cultivated land in each village were surveyed to renew the grades of cultivated land. The results indicate that the average natural grade of cultivated land was 8.4, which was equal to that of 2004; the average utilization grade was 8.1, which was slightly higher than that of 2004; the average economic grade was 9.9, which was lower than that of 2004. It is concluded that it is scientific to renew cultivated land grades through scientifically setting monitoring points according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land.

Tailings Dam Mining, Theoretical Considerations, and Circular Economy: A Review

Mining in tailings dams has emerged as a strategic alternative for mining companies for both economic and environmental reasons. Owing to technological limitations in recent decades, many of these dams have high metal contents, emphasizing the need to evaluate the quality of these residues, especially considering the technological advancements in current concentration plants. An economic viability analysis associated with reusing these materials is crucial. From an environmental point of view, improving mining techniques for dams by considering both safety and feasibility is an advantageous option in decommissioning processes and alignment in the circular economy. In this context, representing these tailings in terms of grade quality and granulometry, as well as the associated contaminants, is essential. Geostatistical estimation and simulation methods are valuable tools for modeling tailings bodies, but they require a reliable sampling campaign to ensure acceptably low errors. From an operational perspective, tailings recovery can be conducted via dry methods, such as mechanical excavation, or hydraulic methods, such as dredging or hydraulic blasting. Dredging is a commonly used method, and cutter suction dredgers, which require pumping to transport fragmented material, are the most commonly used tools. In this paper, some practical applications of geostatistical methods for resource quantification in tailings dams will be discussed. Additionally, the main mining methods for tailings recovery in dams will be presented. Emphasis will be given to the dredging method, along with the key analysis parameters for sizing dredgers, pumps, and pipelines.

补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的Meta分析及GRADE质量评价

目的系统评价补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的临床疗效和安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase等数据库建库至2022年6月收录的补肾方剂改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局的随机对照研究(RCT)。运用偏倚风险工具进行质量评估,使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇RCT。Meta分析结果显示:补肾方剂联合西药治疗在提高妊娠率[RR=1.71,95%CI(1.45,2.01),P<0.00001]、降低卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平[SMD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.84,-0.43),P=0.008]、提高雌二醇(E_(2))水平[SMD=3.97,95%CI(1.76,6.17),P=0.0004]、增加排卵期子宫内膜厚度[SMD=2.12,95%CI(1.07,3.18),P<0.0001]方面均优于西药组;且补肾方剂单独使用在提高妊娠率[RR=1.94,95%CI(1.31,2.88),P=0.001]、降低FSH水平[SMD=-0.48,95%CI(-0.74,-0.22),P=0.0003]方面也具有显著疗效。结论与西医治疗比较,补肾方剂可以显著改善高龄女性自然妊娠结局,且不良反应较少,但仍需更多高质量、大样本、多中心的RCT予以验证。