Assessment of Agricultural Soil Quality Indices Using Mechanistic Models

Assessing soil quality is a critical strategy for diagnosing soil status and anticipating concerns in land use systems for agricultural sustainability. In this study, two soil quality assessment indices, the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI), were employed using two indicator selection methods: Total Data Set (TDS) and Minimum Data Set (MDS), focusing on agricultural fields in Golestan province, Iran. A total of 89 soil samples were collected and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and plant-essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract MDS from TDS, and geostatistical adaptation and correlation analyses were performed to determine the optimal soil quality evaluation index. Our results show that the exponential model better suits the spatial structure of soil quality indicators (IQIMDS: 0.955). Conformity and correlation analyses indicate that the IQI index outperformed the NQI index in estimating soil quality. The superiority of the TDS technique over the MDS technique in terms of accuracy (IQITDSs kappa: 0.155). Linear relationships between different methods showed a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.43) through the application of IQI. This study suggests the use of IQIMDS to provide a reliable measurement that is particularly useful in assessing the quality of agricultural soil.

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT THROUGH INTEGRATION OF QUALITY TOOLS

The relationship between major quality tools such as quality function development （QFD）, failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA）, design of experiments （DOE） and statistical process control （SPC） is analyzed through an extensive review of the literature and the concurrent quality engineering philosophy, and a basic structure for the integration of quality tools is presented. An integrated quality management system （IQMS） is developed using C＋＋ Builder, running in the Windows 2000 Server environment with the basic internet connections, and SQL Server 2000 as the platform for developing the database, An illustrative example applying IQMS to the continuous quality improvement for a crane equipment manufacturing is reported. The result shows that the application of IQMS can optimize the process of design and manufacturing, shorten the cycle time of product, reduce the cost, and realize quality improvement continuously, The proposed integrated framework with IOMS is believed to be applicable to continuous quality improvement in many manufacturing companies.

Study on Integrated Quality Assurance System in CIMS

Integrated Quality Assurance System (IQAS) is an important part of CIMS.This paper introduces the architecture of IQAS,elaborates the philosophy of quality assurance and quality control in CIMS.A type of function model is proposed.Meanwhile, details of the model are described.

Integrated Quality Information System of CIMS

The computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS), which is called the 21st century's production mode, is the inevitable course of manufacturing industry development. The integrated quality information system (IQIS), which is the essential component of CIMS, will be the powerful assurance to carry out a CIMS project. In this paper, the concept and the system structure and function of IQIS are discussed. The relationship between IQIS and other component systems of CIMS is analyzed.

The integrated quality assessment of Chinese commercial dry red wine based on a method of online HPLC-DAD-CL combined with HPLC-ESI-MS

AIM: To apply an integrated quality assessment strategy to investigate the quality of multiple Chinese commercial dry red wine samples. METHOD: A comprehensive method was developed by combining a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-chemiluminescence(HPLC-DAD-CL) online hyphenated system with an HPLC-ESI-MS technique. RESULTS: Chromatographic and H2O2-scavenging active fingerprints of thirteen batches of different, commercially available Chinese dry red wine samples were obtained and analyzed. Twenty-five compounds, including eighteen antioxidants were identified and evaluated. The dominant and characteristic antioxidants in the samples were identified. The relationships between antioxidant potency and the cultivated variety of grape, producing area, cellaring period, and trade mark are also discussed. CONCLUSION: The results provide the feasibility for an integrated quality assessment strategy to be efficiently and objectively used in quality(especially antioxidant activity) assessment and identification of dry red wine.

Integrated biomarkers in wild crucian carp for early warning of water quality in Hun River, North China

Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome P450 1A （CYP1A）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. The methods were then used to detect the respective mRNA expression levels in liver tissue in wild crucian carp from the Hun River, North China. CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from stations $5, $6, and $8 （p 〈 0.05）. SOD mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in downstream areas relative to fish from upstream sites （p 〈 0.05）; GPx and CAT mRNA expression levels were also down-regulated at $9 （p 〈 0.05）. In contrast, GST mRNA expression showed no obvious change between fish collected from up- or downstream areas of the river. Finally, an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the integrated impact of pollutants in the Hun River and allow better comprehension of the real toxicological risk of these investigated sites.