Researching the Impact of the Quality of Village Governance on Farmers’Well-Being:From the Perspectives of Income and Occupational Differentiation

The goal of village governance is to improve the well-being of farmers,so this study aims to measure the impact the quality of village governance on the well-being of farmers.It also examines the heterogeneity of this impact across different farmer groups from the perspectives of income levels and occupational differentiation.To this end,this study developed an indicator system based on survey data collected from 1,442 farmers in the Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu provinces,as well as the Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Multiple linear regression models were then used to analyze this data,and the findings revealed that improvements in the quality of village governance significantly increased the well-being of farmers.Specifically,primary-level empowerment and capacity building were shown to contribute the most to the enhancement of the farmers’well-being,followed by social inclusion,and social cohesion was found to have only a minimal effect.In terms of income levels,improving the quality of village governance benefited middle-income farmers the most,followed by low-income farmers,and it had the least effect on high-income farmers.In terms of occupations,full-time farmers gained the most from improvements in the quality of village governance,followed by off-farm farmers,with part-time farmers benefiting the least.Based on these findings,this study suggests that policymakers should improve the quality of village governance to enhance the well-being of farmers,focusing on the impact that level of income and occupational differentiation have on village governance.

基于IDEAS的多元化护理对溃疡性结肠炎患者生活质量及满意度的影响

目的探究基于IDEAS的多元化护理模式对溃疡性结肠炎患者生活质量及满意度的影响。方法方便选取2018年9月—2023年9月盐城市第三人民医院消化内科收治的84例溃疡性结肠炎患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为两组,对照组(42例)实行常规护理,观察组(42例)实行基于IDEAS的多元化护理模式。比较两组生活质量评分及护理满意度。结果观察组生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意率远高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IDEAS的多元化护理模式对溃疡性结肠炎护理效果具有积极影响,利于提高患者生存质量与护理满意度。

The Impact of Quality of Labor on Farmers' Agricultural Production Benefits:A Case Study of Anyang City

In recent years,the Central Document No.1 has been all about the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,and especially the Central Document No.1 in 2013 highlighted the improvement of quality of the rural labor force to develop modern agriculture.The quality of labor is related to the improvement of production efficiency,and farmers' agricultural production benefits are related to the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,ultimately affecting the development process of modern agriculture.On the theoretical basis of human capital,this article carries out empirical analysis,calculates the farmers' agricultural production benefits,and analyzes the specific impact of quality of labor on farmers' agricultural production benefits.Finally,some recommendations are put forth to increase farmers' income.

Correlation between Employment Quality and Skill Training of Land-expropriated Farmers

Based on field survey,an empirical analysis was made on the correlation between employment quality and skill training of landexpropriated farmers. The analysis indicated that there are differences in employment opportunity,employment sector,employment ability,wage income and employment stability between land-expropriated farmers. Besides,though skill training,it is feasible to effectively improve employment quality of land-expropriated farmers. The skill training exerts a significant effect on employment and urban adaptation of land-expropriated farmers. The mode of skill training promoting employment quality was proposed. Skill training can raise human resource level of land-expropriated farmers,and increase their labor and employment skills,to help them realize regular employment and smoothly become citizens. For fund sources for skill training,government and land expropriation unit should bring into play active role. And skill training should be undertaken under the guidance of government and support of land expropriation unit.

Advantages,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Guaranteeing the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Food safety concerns the health of consumers,while quality and safety of agricultural products are the source of food safety,and it is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.The decentralized production mode of Chinese farmers is the main threat to the source of food production safety in China.In this paper,the advantages of Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives in controlling quality of agricultural products and difficulties in the quality and safety assurance of agricultural products are analyzed.Finally,the guaranteeing measures of the quality and safety of agricultural products by Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives are proposed.

Evaluation of Farmers' Working Quality in Jilin Province on the Basis of AHP

In terms of the working quality of agricultural production and the working quality of non-agricultural production, the evaluation index system of the working quality of farmers is established. By using integrated fuzzy method based on AHP, we determine the weight of each index, and establish membership matrix of this evaluation index system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, we select developed regions, underdeveloped regions and comparatively developed regions respectively to conduct survey. By using the data from survey, according to the established evaluation index system, we conduct empirical analysis of the working quality of farmers. The results show that the working quality of farmers in the developed regions is relatively high, the working quality of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is ordinary, and the working quality of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is relatively low; the physical quality, educational quality and technological quality of farmers in the developed regions are high; the operation quality of agricultural production of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is high; the operation quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is high; the working quality of agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions is higher than the working quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions; the working quality of non-agricultural industries of farmers in the developed regions is higher than the working quality of agricultural production. The urgent priority of constructing new village is to coordinate urban-rural development, and to offer preferential policies and capital for the villages with backward economic development level.

Bottleneck of Farmers' Quality in New Socialist Countryside Construction and Countermeasures

We analyzed problems of farmers' quality in the new socialist countryside construction,including low educational level,poor specialized skills,and low ideological and ethical quality.These problems become bottleneck of the socialist countryside construction.In view of these problems,we put forward following countermeasures:speeding up urbanization development,consolidating rural basic education,strengthening rural vocational education,and developing new approaches to improve farmers' ideological and ethical quality.

Analysis on the Guarantee for the Quality Safety of Agricultural Products by the Farmer Professional Cooperative

Decentralized production model of small peasant household is main threat for China food safety source. By using the advantage of farmer professional cooperative in controlling the quality of agricultural products,its dilemma at the guarantee aspect of agricultural product quality safety is analyzed,and the guaranteeing measures of farmer professional cooperative for quality safety of agricultural products are proposed,which has an important significance for improving quality safety of agricultural products.

Sustainable Potato Production in the Mountain Area of Ecuador, an Approach to Increase Productivity with Small Scale Farmers

Ecuador potato crop is family based production system. Potato production has two roles in their economy, the first is providing food for their families and the second is a source of income for the household. However small scale farmers have limited access to local markets and most of the sales are through intermediates’ who purchase directly in the field at the lowest price possible. Potato production challenges for the small-scale farmers are among others availability of quality potato seed, direct sales, purchase of agrochemical inputs to maintain their crops and lack of education. In 2021, only 4% of potato farmers used certified seed. Potato yield is still low around 16.1 t·ha-1, in the last 10 years the total potato cultivated area was reduced by at least 50%. The farmers produce “Bokashi” and other organic fertilizer and these are effective to improve soil fertility and plant health. Homemade bio-pesticides reduce agrochemical pesticides. The Decision Support System (DSS) is a handheld device to control late blight, minimizes fungicide applications and improve fungicide rotation. In 2018 Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the causal agent of zebra chip, and its vector, the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli, together created havoc for farmers and researchers. Promotion of early potato varieties INIAP—Libertad is an alternative to lower the impact of this newest pest.

术前IDEAS模式访视在腹腔镜下子宫内膜癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨术前IDEAS模式访视在腹腔镜下子宫内膜癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法采用随机数字表法将136例腹腔镜下子宫内膜癌手术患者分为观察组和对照组,每组68例,对照组患者给予常规术前访视,观察组患者给予术前IDEAS模式访视。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、不良反应发生情况、生理应激指标(脉率、舒张压和收缩压)、心理应激反应[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、应对方式[中文版医学应对问卷(MCMQ)]及生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)]。结果观察组患者的手术时间和住院时间均短于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者的脉率、舒张压和收缩压均高于本组干预前,观察组患者的脉率、舒张压和收缩压均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者的SAS和SDS评分均低于本组干预前,观察组患者的SAS和SDS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者面对评分均高于本组干预前,回避和屈服评分均低于本组干预前,观察组患者面对评分高于对照组,回避和屈服评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者EORTC QLQ-C30功能子量表各维度评分均高于本组干预前,观察组患者EORTC QLQ-C30功能子量表各维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论与常规术前访视相比,术前IDEAS模式访视能够缩短腹腔镜下子宫内膜癌手术患者的手术时间和住院时间,减少不良反应,降低生理应激和心理应激反应,增加患者积极应对方式,提高患者的生活质量。

A Transaction Cost Analysis on the Acquisition of Rice Seed by Small-Scale Farmers in ECA Region： Generating Empirical Evidence in Tanzania

The present study is an attempt to develop empirical evidence of transaction costs that rice farmers incur in production and other factors that affect farmers＇ demand for seed and estimating the proportion of costs accounted for by transaction costs due to quality seed in the formal and informal sectors, and analyze how these costs affect sourcing decision. An agricultural household model was developed from the study area. To test the model, information was collected in a survey of 387 households. There is now empirical evidence that transaction cost in rice seed acquisition in Tanzanian agriculture is an added cost to the farmer in the process of purchasing seed. Descriptive analysis shows that about 18% of the total seed cost is accounted for transaction cost, which is 2% of the total variable cost in farmers＇ rice farming. Econometric model was fitted to the household data to determine the factors hindering farmers to use purchased quality seed. Factors that were significant in influencing transaction cost include information search, seed source, farmers＇ seed arrangements, trust, and distance from farmers＇ homestead to the seed source, location and age of the farmer. We recommend that, policy amendments inclined towards reduction of the transaction costs can improve the profitability of the rice enterprise by increasing the demand for inputs.

对水利新质生产力的理解及发展思考

水利新质生产力是新质生产力的重要组成部分,也是新质生产力的重要基础,要把水利新质生产力落实到水利工作的全过程、各方面。基于水利新质生产力的内涵、构成要件,及其与新质生产力、水利高质量发展的关系,从不同角度深入认识水利新质生产力,阐述发展水利新质生产力的重要意义。提出发展水利新质生产力的框架,包括根本宗旨、战略指导、工作理念、目标任务以及关键内容,介绍了水利新质生产力的发展思路以及需要把控的关键内容。

基于乡村振兴的高素质农民培育政策支持体系研究

在全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略的过程中,目前农村地区发展还面临许多挑战。其中,高素质农民培育是乡村人才振兴的重要抓手,能够最大限度地推动农村经济的发展,显著提升农民的收入水平,然而在具体培育过程中还存在政府资金投入不足、培育内容与生产生活脱节、农民培训管理机制不健全等问题和制约因素。只有解决好这些问题,才能最大限度地推动高素质农民培育工作。基于此,在阐述高素质农民培育的内涵和重要意义、分析高素质农民培育过程中存在的问题及原因的基础上,系统提出了相应的政策支持体系建设对策,以期为促进高素质农民培育工作提供重要参考。

何以提升参训农民主体积极性?——以高素质农民培训实践为例

高素质农民培训是破解乡村振兴内生动力不足的关键,而实践中农民培训面临着参训农民主体性缺失问题,主要表现在参训农民在培训需求研究中处在“旁观者”地位、培训目标设计时居于“局外人”身份、培训内容创生中缺乏“话语权”、培训效果评价时饰演“虚无化”角色等,这是农民的主体特征与主观意愿、培训设计、组织与实施等内外因素共同作用的结果。解决这些问题可以通过为农民赋能、赋利、赋权等内外结合的方式,激发农民参训的积极性与主动性,提升农民培训效能。

乡村振兴背景下高素质农民培育体系研究

在乡村振兴、农业强国战略布局下,从国家政策、学术研究两个层面提出高素质农民及其培育的内涵和特质,继而梳理高素质农民培育的理论基础和历史逻辑,认为农民素质培育演变过程表现为传统农民—职业农民—新型农民—新型职业农民—高素质农民,其演进现实逻辑主线为从“谁来种地、怎样种地”到“谁来治村、如何兴村”再到“谁来引领致富、如何共同富裕”。在此基础上,分析高素质农民培育成效及困境,从政策法规、组织管理、教育培训、考核评价等四个方面探讨未来趋向把握。最后,构建高素质农民“3311”培育体系,体现其实践价值,并从精准遴选培育对象、精准设置培育内容、精准配备师资团队、精准选择培育方式和途径等四个维度,提出高素质农民培育体系运行中应把握的细节,以期对后续政策实施和研究提供参考。

高标准农田建设参与对农民种粮收益的影响——基于农业新质生产力的中介作用

基于全国10省1032份农户的微观调查数据,使用内生转换回归模型实证分析了高标准农田建设参与对农民种粮收益的影响。研究发现:(1)高标准农田建设参与显著提升农民种粮收益,且平均处理效应表明,参与高标准农田建设可使农民种粮收益提高2.77%。(2)异质性分析表明,相较于小农户,规模户参与高标准农田建设能够提升种粮收益;高标准农田建设参与不仅促进兼业农户增加种粮收益,而且促进纯农户增加种粮收益;相较于非粮食主产区,粮食主产区农户参与高标准农田建设的种粮收益提升效果更明显。(3)机制分析表明,高标准农田建设参与通过提升农业新质生产力水平,从而提高农民种粮收益。据此,鼓励农民积极参与高标准农田建设管理工作,制定出台农户参与高标准农田建设的差异化政策,同时加快培育和发展农业新质生产力,以实现农民种粮收益提升。

新质生产力与数字新农人培育:耦合逻辑、现实困境与破解策略

新质生产力是创新起主导作用,符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态,呈现以生产要素创新配置为基本内涵,数据作为关键要素进入生产函数;彰显人的本质力量,劳动者是核心影响因素和主体动力源;以科技创新为驱动力,新产业新模式新业态是其主要表现形态等新特征。基于新质生产力、数字新农人与职业培训之间耦合逻辑分析发现,数字新农人是新质生产力形成和发展的关键变量,而新质生产力与职业培训双向驱动助力数字新农人培育。基于职业培训在数字新农人培育中存在的承载数字新农人培育的职业培训体系不健全;承接数字新农人培育的培训机构效能低下;承担数字新农人培育的主体参与度低等诸多现实困境。构建新质生产力语境下的数字新农人培育体系需要从构建发达的职业培训供给体系,打通制约数字新农人培育的堵点;分类设计“数字+N型农民”培育方案,实施数字新农人差异化精准培训;以数字技术嵌融职业培训,营建数字新农人培育教学实践场景;顶层设计数字新农人培育工程,助推职业培训配套制度和政策的创新供给等方面实施。

乡村数字经济促进农村公共服务高质量发展研究

为了解数字经济对农村公共服务质量的影响,以2013—2022年30个省份为样本,采用基准回归和门槛效应模型进行分析。结果表明,数字经济显著提升了农村公共服务质量和农民满意度;乡村数字经济对农村公共服务质量的促进作用在经济发展和农村人力资本水平达到一定阈值之后会显著增强,应注意“数字鸿沟”的门槛效应;异质性分析表明,农村公共服务质量受数字经济影响最大的是东部地区。据此,地方政府应强化数字经济在农村公共服务体系的嵌入、培养高素质农民。

农业新质生产力视域下“新农人”培育路径探索与实践——以江苏农林职业技术学院为例

培育“有情怀、懂技术、善经营、会管理”的“新农人”,是实施和推进乡村全面振兴战略的根本要求,也是加快建设农业强国的重要引擎。涉农高校作为培育农业新质生产力的“孵化器”,肩负着培育“新农人”的重要使命。然而,涉农高校“新农人”培育存在培养目标与人才振兴需求不匹配、人才培养模式单一、教学内容跟不上新质生产力的要求等问题。为加快农业现代化发展,江苏农林职业技术学院依托“亚夫新农人学院”,面向现代农业、农机装备、农村电商、基层治理等领域,按照“新农干”“新农创”“新农匠”“新农服”四类人才进行分类培养,锻造了一批基层村干领头雁、致富带头人和乡村工匠,塑造了一批师德高尚、技能精湛、扎根“三农”的现代职教“双师”队伍,为乡村振兴战略背景下的农业新质生产力发展提供了优质人才储备。

新质生产力背景下高素质农民数字素养培育的困境及突破

新质生产力本质上是先进生产力,代表着生产力的演进方向,以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵,具有强大的发展动能,能够引领并创造新的社会生产时代。加快培育和发展新质生产力是我国高质量发展的必然要求。高素质农民是农村、农业发展的主力军,在新质生产力发展上同样起到排头兵的作用。高素质农民的数字素养水平直接关系到新质生产力在“三农”领域的形成和发展,影响中国式现代化的进程和成效。在新质生产力背景下,根据马克思生产力理论,从导向、劳动者、劳动对象、劳动资料四个方面厘清高素质农民数字素养培育的价值逻辑,重点分析高素质农民数字素养培育的困境,进而提出高素质农民数字素养“四个数字+”的培育实践进路,实现高素质农民数字素养培育与新质生产力发展双向循环赋能。