A decomposition method of nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum for identifying fluid properties

Based on analysis of NMR T2 spectral characteristics,a new method for identifying fluid properties by decomposing T2 spectrum through signal analysis has been proposed.Because T2 spectrum satisfies lognormal distribution on transverse relaxation time axis,the T2 spectrum can be decomposed into 2 to 5 independent component spectra by fitting the T2 spectrum with Gauss functions.By analyzing the free relaxation response characteristics of crude oil and formation water,the dynamic response characteristics of the core mutual drive between oil and water,the petrophysical significance of each component spectrum is clarified.T2 spectrum can be decomposed into clay bound water component spectrum,capillary bound fluid component spectrum,micropores fluid component spectrum and macropores fluid component spectrum.According to the nature of crude oil in the target area,the distribution range of T2 component spectral peaks of oil-bearing reservoir is 165-500 ms on T2 time axis.This range can be used to accurately identify fluid properties.This method has high adaptability in identifying complex oil and water layers in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.

Specific Patterns of Spinal Metabolite Ratio Underlying a-Me-5-HTevoked Pruritus Compared with Compound 48/80 Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Summary:Mechanisms of pruritus are implicated in the dysregulation of the metabolites in the spinal cord.We investigated pruritus behavioral testing in three groups of young adult male C57B1/6 mice,including one group treated with normal saline,while the other groups intradermally injected with a-Me-5-HT(histamine-independent pruritogen),compound 48/80(histaminedependent pruritogen)at the nape skin of the neck,respectively.Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)was used to compare spinal metabolites from the vertebral cervical among three groups,and to study the association of spinal metabolite ratio and pruritus intensity.The MRS-measured N-acetylaspartate-to-myoinositol ratio(NAA/Ins)was significantly correlated with the number of scratches between normal saline group and 48/80 group or a-Me-5-HT group(both P<0.0001),indicating that NAA/Ins may be a robust surrogate marker of histamine-independent/dependent pruritogen.There was significant difference in Glu/Ins between normal saline group and 48/80 group(P=0.017),indicating that Glu/Ins may be a surrogate marker of histamine-dependent pruritogen,while GABA/Ins was highly significantly different between normal saline group and a-Me-5-HT group(P=0.008),suggesting that GABA/Ins may be a surrogate marker of histamineindependent pruritogen.MRS may reflect the extent of pruritus intensity elicited by a-Me-5-HT and compound 48/80 with sensitivity similar to the number of scratches,and above potential markers need to be further validated in pre-clinical and clinical treatment trials.

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PLACENTA BY ^(31)P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SCANNING COMBINED WITH THE CORRECTIVE METHOD OF ABSORBANCE PROPORTIONAL COEFFICIENT

Five phospholipids in human placenta were determined by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P NMR)spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography(TLC) scanning combined with the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The NMR spectrometer used this investigation was a Bruker AM-500 spectrometer operating at 202.4 MHz for ^(31)P chemical shifts are relative to 85% phosphoric acid. TIC was carried out by silica gel H plate developed in chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-ethanol-water(25:4:6:2:0.5),with Vaskovsky reagent as colour -developing agent of phospholipids.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is highly sensitive for lipid-soluble metabolites

Although the water-soluble metabolite profile of human mesenchymal stem cells is known, the lipid profile still needs further investigation. In this study, methanol-chloroform was used to extract lipid-soluble metabolites and perchloric acid was used to extract water-soluble metabolites. Fur- thermore, a dual phase extraction method using methanol-chloroform and water was used to obtain both water and lipid fractions simultaneously. All metabolite extractions were analyzed on a 9.4T high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Metabolite resonance peaks were as- signed in the acquired spectra according to the chemical shift, and the extraction efficiency of dif- ferent methods was compared. Results showed that in the spectra of water-soluble extracts, major metabolites comprised low molecular weight metabolites, including lactate, acetic acid, fatty acids, threonine, glutamic acid, creatine, choline and its derivatives, while in the spectra of lipid-soluble extracts, most metabolites were assigned to fatty acids. Among the different extraction procedures, perchloric acid was more efficient in extracting water-soluble metabolites and methanol-chloroform was efficient in extracting organic components compared with the dual phase extraction method. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that as low as 0.7 mg organic yield was enough to obtain clear resonance peaks, while about 6.0 mg water-soluble yield was needed to obtain rela- tively favorable spectral lines. These results show that the efficiency of extracting water and lipid fractions is higher using perchloric acid and methanol-chloroform compared with dual phase ex- traction and that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is highly sensitive for analyzing lipid-soluble extracts.

Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) microscopic simulation based on random-walk: Theory and parameters analysis

The microscopic response characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) are widely used for characterizing complex pore structures of rocks. Due to the prohibitive NMR experiment cost, numerical simulation was employed as an alternative approach to verify some theoretical aspects of NMR responses. Firstly, the basic principles of pore-scale NMR simulation based on random-walk method(RWM) were introduced. The RWM-simulated results were benchmarked with the analytical results for an ideal spherical pore model. Then, the effects of two numerical parameters, namely diffusion radius and walk numbers, were studied on the simulation accuracy. The simulation method is then applied to various pore models with different pore sizes and pore shapes filled with different fluids to study the microscopic NMR response characteristics. The numerical experiments are useful for understanding and interpreting NMR measurements and the simulation code provides a numerical tool to perform pixel-based digital rock analysis.

Application of geophysical methods in fine detection of urban concealed karst:A case study of Wuhan City,China

The construction of modern livable cities faces challenges in karst areas,including ground collapse and engineering problems.Wuhan,with a population of 13.74×10^(6) and approximately 1161 km^(2)of soluble rocks in the urban area of 8569.15 km^(2),predominantly consists of concealed karst areas where occasional ground collapse events occur,posing significant threats to underground engineering projects.To address these challenges,a comprehensive geological survey was conducted in Wuhan,focusing on major karstrelated issues.Geophysical methods offer advantages over drilling in detecting concealed karst areas due to their efficiency,non-destructiveness,and flexibility.This paper reviewed the karst geological characteristics in Wuhan and the geophysical exploration methods for karst,selected eight effective geophysical methods for field experimentation,evaluated their suitability,and proposed method combinations for different karst scenarios.The results show that different geophysical methods have varying applicability for karst detection in Wuhan,and combining multiple methods enhances detection effectiveness.The specific recommendations for method combinations provided in this study serve as a valuable reference for karst detection in Wuhan.

Influence of nanosized magnesia on the hydration of borehole-sealing cements prepared using different methods

Gas drainage is an efective technology for gas control in coal mines.A high borehole-sealing quality is the fundamental precondition for efcient gas drainage.The expansibilities of cement pastes used in borehole-sealing processes are critical for the borehole-sealing efect.Nanosized magnesia expansive agents are used to improve the expansibilities of cement pastes and improve the borehole-sealing efect.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to study the efects of nanosized magnesia on the hydration of borehole-sealing cements used with diferent preparation methods.The results showed that an increase in the mass fraction of the nanosized magnesia promoted cement hydration,and the mass fraction was positively correlated with the promotion efect.The use of diferent preparation methods did not change the water-phase distribution in the cement.When using the wet-mixing preparation method,nanosized magnesia promoted the induction,acceleration,and deceleration periods of hydration;when using the dry-mixing preparation method,the nanosized magnesia promoted the induction period of cement hydration,and the promotion efect was less obvious than that seen when using the wet-mixing method.When using the wet-mixing preparation method,the nanosized magnesia was uniformly dispersed,thus enlarging the surface area of the reaction,which provided more nucleation sites for the hydration products of the cement and therefore accelerated the hydration reaction.When using the dry-mixing preparation method,the nanosized magnesia powders were dispersed nonuniformly and aggregated.Under these conditions,only a few nanosized magnesia particles on the surfaces of the aggregated clusters took part in hydration,so only a small number of nucleation sites were provided for the hydration products of cement.This led to inconsistent hydration of cement pastes prepared using the dry-mixing method.The surface porosity of the cement prepared with the wet-mixing preparation method frst decreased and then increased with increases in the mass fraction of the nanosized magnesia.The cement surface exhibited compact hydration products and few pores,and the surface was relatively smooth.In comparison,the surface porosity of the cement prepared using the dry-mixing method fuctuated with increasing mass fraction of the nanosized magnesia,resulting in a rough cement surface and microfractures on some surfaces.The two preparation methods both reduced the surface porosity of the cement.The wet-mixing preparation was more efective and consistent in improving the compactness of the cement than the dry-mixing preparation.These results provide important guidance on the addition of nanosized magnesia in borehole-sealing engineering and the selection of cement preparation methods,and they also lay a solid foundation for realizing safe and efcient gas drainage.

复合助剂对低温喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响

为保证低温喷雾干燥后蓝靛果粉品质,采用黄金分割法研究复合助剂(麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白)对喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响,分析低温进风温度(50~90℃)对蓝靛果粉花青素保留率、集粉率和含水率的影响规律。结果表明,在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精的质量比例为85.4%、14.6%时,集粉率高达37.96%;随进料溶液中麦芽糊精质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、堆积密度、亮度L^(*)值、红度a^(*)值和色差值ΔE呈增加趋势,含水率、花青素含量和黄度b^(*)值呈下降趋势;在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白质量比例为72.9%、12.5%、14.6%时,集粉率达到最高(40.11%);随料液中乳清蛋白质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉含水率、花青素含量呈上升趋势,其玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、亮度L^(*)值、红度a^(*)值、黄度b^(*)值和色差值ΔE等指标呈下降趋势;复合助剂显著提高蓝靛果粉集粉率(P<0.05),对其中的花青素起到较强保护作用,其含水率、水溶性指数、堆积密度等理化指标均接近于最优水平。低温喷雾干燥研究发现,随进风温度上升,集粉率和含水率呈负相关,在进风温度90℃时,集粉率最高的配方中可实现较高花青素保留率(89.94%)。低频核磁共振波谱以及质子密度图像信息分析表明,加入的助剂与蓝靛果果汁中水分通过氢键、静电结合力和疏水作用等分子间作用力,形成稳定性高水合物、增强液滴聚结抵抗力,提高料液玻璃态转换温度,从而实现高集粉率和高花青素保留率的蓝靛果果粉低温喷雾干燥;红外光谱分析表明,复合助剂可在蓝靛果果粉中形成分子间氢键,并对花青素等活性物质进行固定包埋保护。研究结果可为蓝靛果粉喷雾干燥加工生产提供理论支撑和参考依据。

定量核磁共振波谱法快速测定灭火剂材料中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物

泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)的使用受到严格管控.针对灭火剂中PFOS快速测定的需求,建立了基于19F的定量核磁共振波谱(qNMR)检测方法.方法以全氟丁基磺酸钾为标准物质,通过计算全氟丁基磺酸钾的-CF3在化学位移δ-78.94处19F特征峰和PFOS的-CF2在化学位移δ-117.12处19F特征峰的积分面积比值,进而实现PFOS定量分析.经测试,全氟丁基磺酸钾百分含量与定量峰面积线性相关系数为0.9955,检出限为0.024%,定量限为0.080%.8种灭火剂产品的定性测定结果与实际标注情况相吻合,其中4种泡沫灭火剂产品中PFOS含量在0.106%~1.339%之间.研究结果表明,方法受基质干扰小、检测速度快、灵敏度高,可为泡沫灭火剂中PFOS的管控提供可靠的检测方法与数据支撑.

基于核磁共振代谢组学特征构建脓毒症患者短期死亡风险的预测模型及效能

目的 探讨基于核磁共振代谢组学特征构建脓毒症患者短期死亡风险的预测模型的效果。方法 选择2020年1月~2022年12月我院ICU收治的60例脓毒症患者作为训练集。以治疗后28 d时患者存活情况为分组标准,将所有患者分为存活组及死亡组。收集患者一般资料、实验室检查资料,在患者入组时搜集血清样本进行质子核磁共振特异性代谢标志物分析,通过LASSO回归筛选出排名前4的产物构建脓毒症患者短期死亡风险预测模型。最后纳入2023年1~12月于我院ICU治疗的脓毒症患者49例作为测试集对模型的预测效果进行验证。结果 死亡组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分高于存活组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元统计分析方法显示原始模型的预测能力大于任何1次随机排列Y变量的预测能力,证明模型有效。无监督主成分分析得分散点图共解释了57%的变量(PC1=50%,PC2=7%),脓毒症患者经PCPA造模后血清中内源性代谢物发生了显著变化。OPLS-DA图示模型拟合效果好,不存在特异点,两组的分布区域完全分开。载荷矩阵图显示L-天门冬氨酸、吲哚乙酸、丙氨酸等水平升高,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸等水平下降。提取OPLS-DA模型中VIP值最大的前50个变量进行非参数检验,最后得到34个有统计学意义的变量(P<0.05),共有19个与脓毒症死亡最有可能相关的特征代谢物。死亡组患者血清苯丙氨酸、肌酸、乙酰乙酸、谷氨酸、蛋氨酸、尿素、乳酸及氧化三甲胺显著高于存活组(P<0.05)。使用LASSO筛选出的4个高相关的代谢产物,并建立的列线图模型脓毒症患者短期死亡风险的C-index分别为0.993(95%CI:0.931~0.999)。列线图模型预测训练集的脓毒症患者短期死亡风险(AUC=0.993,95%CI:0.978~1.000,P<0.001)具有一定价值;将列线图模型预测测试集的脓毒症患者短期死亡风险(AUC=0.934,95%CI:0.863~1.000,P<0.001)具有一定的使用价值。模型对训练集预测的准确率分别为96.66%,敏感度分别为94.11%,特异度分别为97.60%。模型对验证集预测的准确率分别为90.62%,敏感度分别为88.23%,特异度分别为91.48%。结论 基于血清核磁共振代谢组学特征构建脓毒症患者短期死亡风险的预测模型对于脓毒症患者28 d死亡风险具有较好的预测价值。

qNMR法测定片剂苯磺酸氨氯地平的含量

本文利用定量核磁共振波谱法(qNMR)建立了测定片剂苯磺酸氨氯地平含量的分析方法。片剂样品经研磨称量后,加入氘代甲醇为溶剂、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯作为内标物进行混合。混合物经涡旋、超声和离心后取上清液转移入核磁管,对样品采集核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)。氢谱中以苯磺酸氨氯地平位于δ5.41的谱峰为检测定量峰,1,3,5-三甲氧基苯位于δ 6.07的谱峰为内标定量峰建立绝对定量方法。1H-NMR实验参数为:90度单脉冲序列,脉冲延迟时间30 s,扫描次数32次,采样温度308 K。实验结果显示苯磺酸氨氯地平与内标物的摩尔比在0.42~8.38的范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.9973),精密度和稳定性试验的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.45%(n=7)和0.44%。对于片剂样品,整个方法(包括目标组份的提取和定量核磁检测)重复性试验RSD为1.69%(n=6);三个不同浓度的加标回收率分别为103.86%、101.20%和99.69%。应用本方法对8个市售品牌的苯磺酸氨氯地平片剂进行了含量测定,结果显示建立的qNMR方法准确度高,重复性好,简便快捷,为片剂药品绝对含量的测定提供了新方法。

连续波核磁共振实验中外扫描测量法的改进

本文对连续波核磁共振实验中外扫描法测横向弛豫时间误差的主要来源进行了分析,对系统误差的大小进行了定量估算.在此基础上,对外扫描法中横向弛豫时间的测量提出了相应的改进措施,通过计算确定了共振信号半高宽测量时共振信号应在的位置.结果表明,外扫描法测量中,通过x方向的相位调节把共振信号移到偏离中心适当距离的位置上来测量其半高宽,可有效降低非线性扫描电压引起的系统误差.此外,通过对误差大小及共振信号测量位置的计算,能加深学生对横向弛豫时间及外扫描测量法原理的理解.

农产品检测用脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇纯度标准物质的研制

[目的]本文旨在研制脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)国家级纯度标准物质,为农产品中DON的检测等工作提供物质基础。[方法]利用质量平衡法和定量核磁共振法对DON纯度标准物质进行纯度定值。质量平衡法包括采用液相色谱面积归一化法测定DON主成分含量,采用卡尔费休库仑法测定纯度标准物质中水分含量,采用顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定挥发性杂质含量,以及采用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定无机离子杂质含量。定量核磁共振法采用苯甲酸为内标,选择合适的共振峰,内标法定量标准物质的纯度,并对标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检测和不确定度评估。[结果]质量平衡法的纯度定值结果为99.47%,定量核磁共振法定值结果为99.45%,最终所研制的DON纯度标准物质的纯度为99.5%,扩展不确定度为0.4%,均匀性良好,且满足12个月以上的稳定性要求。[结论]本试验所研制的DON纯度标准物质符合国家标准物质技术规范,目前已被批准为国家一级标准物质,并已被用于小麦、玉米等农产品实际检测过程中。

氢溴酸伏硫西汀首批国家对照品的研制

目的研制定量和定性用氢溴酸伏硫西汀首批国家对照品。方法采用核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱、红外光谱和紫外光谱进行结构确证,采用2种高效液相色谱(HPLC)系统进行有关物质分析,用面积归一化法、主成分自身对照法计算HPLC纯度,采用HPLC法对均匀性、稳定性进行研究,并采用多种方法对其他理化性质进行考察,应用质量平衡法对该对照品进行赋值,并通过核磁共振定量法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对含量结果的准确性进行验证。结果确证了氢溴酸伏硫西汀首批国家对照品的结构,并测定其含量为99.9%。结论研制的首批定量和定性用氢溴酸伏硫西汀国家对照品,可满足氢溴酸伏硫西汀原料及其制剂的质量控制需要。

富油煤焦油产率测井评价方法研究

【目的】富油煤作为一种集煤、油、气属性为一体的煤基油气资源,对于保障我国油气资源供应、实现煤炭清洁高效利用具有重要意义。目前富油煤的识别主要依靠格金干馏试验测量的焦油产率来判断,而利用地球物理手段准确识别与评价富油煤的研究则相对薄弱。【方法】以新疆三塘湖盆地侏罗系西山窑组和八道湾组煤层为研究对象,基于岩石物理实验,在明确富油煤典型测井响应特征基础上,创新建立了一种煤焦油产率测井定量评价方法。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)相比含油煤,富油煤具有富氢结构物质含量高、孔隙结构差的特点,这造成富油煤具有“低密度、高中子和高电阻率”的常规测井响应特征;(2)通过多状态二维核磁共振实验测量分析,明确了富油煤具有“二维核磁T1谱双峰,T_(2)<1、T_(1)/T_(2)>10区域信号强”的核磁测井响应特征,而含油煤相应区域信号不明显,这与富油煤中富氢结构物质含量高有关;(3)基于富油煤典型测井响应特征,提出利用电阻率和中子2个参数构建富油煤指示因子Z,Z越大,表明煤焦油产率越高。在煤焦油产率刻度基础上,建立了煤焦油产率与指示因子间的线性关系,实现了煤焦油产率的准确方便计算,可操作性强。上述认识为基于地球物理测井手段识别和评价富油煤提供了理论指导。

六种香精化合物核磁共振法纯度定值

建立了核磁共振氢谱法(1HNMR)测定6种香精化合物(香豆素、香兰素、甲基香兰素、乙基香兰素、麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚)纯度的定值方法。选择合适的溶剂、内标,通过测定样品的定量信号的纵向弛豫时间(T 1)来计算准确定量所需的理论弛豫时间(D 1),比较样品在不同弛豫时间下测得的实际纯度来对D 1进行优化的数据,实验结果显示两种D 1优化方法结果一致。分析样品中每个合适的定量信号所得到的定值结果并找到定值结果差异的原因。最终6种样品的纯度结果分别为99.79%、99.80%、99.78%、99.82%、99.86%、99.53%,扩展不确定度(k=2)分别为0.16%、0.10%、0.22%、0.18%、0.14%、0.14%。其不仅适用于香豆素等香精化合物的含量测定,在弛豫时间及定量峰的确定方面也适用于其他化合物,以确保更精确的定值。

基于数值优化方法的Halbach磁体无源匀场方法研究

小型化的核磁共振谱仪由于其便携性的优势,成了当下核磁共振领域的研究热点.近年来,Halbach磁体在小型化核磁共振波谱仪领域得到了广泛应用.永磁体磁场的不均匀性对无源匀场方法提出了较高的要求.因此,本文基于机械可调的Halbach永磁体阵列结构进行了无源匀场研究.首先研制了由12个机械可调的磁块构成的Halbach磁体,并建立了磁块位置和磁场均匀性的最小二乘问题,随后利用了一种结合Levenberg-Marquardt法和拟牛顿法的优化算法,通过改变磁块的径向位置来优化磁场的均匀性.通过这种方法,成功将1.03 T的Halbach磁体中心区域(半径为2.5 mm)的均匀度从7391×10^(-6)提升到154.23×10^(-6).本文提出的匀场方法相对于传统的无源匀场方法更加灵活和简便,有望应用于核磁共振波谱仪和其他需要高磁场均匀度的仪器.

联合酰胺质子转移成像和定量磁化率成像在帕金森病诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨酰胺质子转移成像(APT)和定量磁化率成像(QSM)对帕金森病(PD)诊断的临床应用价值。方法 纳入2022年6月~2023年6月新疆医科大学第二附属医院明确诊断为PD的患者38例作为PD组,另招募同时期相匹配的健康志愿者22例作为对照(HC)组。对所有受试者进行QSM和APT序列扫描,利用后处理软件获取所有受试者黑质区域的磁化率值(MSV)及非对称性磁化转移率(MTRasym),利用Logistic回归建模两种参数联合诊断时的预测概率,采用ROC曲线比较分析单一成像技术及两种成像技术联合的诊断效能。结果 对比HC组,PD组双侧黑质的平均MSV值升高,平均MTRasym值减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。运动症状受影响较重侧黑质的MSV值高于受影响较轻侧(P<0.001),运动症状受影响较重侧黑质的MTRasym值低于受影响较轻侧(P<0.05)。使用双侧黑质MSV和MTRasym的平均值,APT、QSM以及QSM联合APT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.812、0.873、0.897,使用运动症状受影响较重侧黑质的MSV和MTRasym值,QSM联合APT的ROC曲线下面积为0.928。结论 QSM和APT对PD均具有较高的诊断效能,与单独使用QSM或APT相比,QSM联合APT对PD的诊断效能更高,能够为PD的准确诊断提供影像学依据。

基于CPMG和FID核磁共振实验的页岩有机质定量评价方法

中国陆相页岩油中未转化的有机质占比高,有机质的定量评价对于页岩油勘探开发至关重要。核磁共振是一种快速、无损的探测技术,已广泛用于油气勘探开发领域。然而现有Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG)采集模式受仪器最短回波间隔的限制,难以有效探测有机质等超短弛豫组分信号。引入了自由感应衰减(Free-Induction-Decay,FID)采集模式,通过数值模拟和实验测量比较了CPMG与FID采集模式在页岩有机质评价方面的差异,提出了一种基于CPMG和FID的页岩有机质定量评价方法。研究表明,有效信号的起始采集时间对页岩有机质评价至关重要,核磁共振仪器死区时间为17μs,采集时间步长为1μs的FID测量能够提供页岩有机质和流体组分含量,而回波间隔为0.6 ms的CPMG测量只能够提供流体组分含量。这两种测量结果的差值与总有机碳含量(TOC)、裂解烃含量(S_2和(S_(2-1)+S_(2-2)))等多项地球化学特征参数之间具有强相关性,其中,与TOC和(S_(2-1)+S_(2-2))的决定系数分别高达0.910和0.837,证明该方法可以用于有机质的定量评价。

基于熵权法、灰色关联度法和低场核磁共振检测的苹果品质评价

研究不同品种苹果的品质特性,建立苹果品质综合评价模型。以5个品种的苹果(天水花牛、阿克苏糖心、黄元帅、奶油富士、洛川红富士)作为研究对象,对其硬度、黏着性、咀嚼性、内聚性等4项质构特性和含水量、可滴定酸(Titratable acid,TA)、可溶性糖含量(Soluble sugar,SS)、可溶性固体含量(Soluble solid content,SSC)等4项理化指标进行检测,结合低场核磁共振检测技术,探究苹果水分分布与理化及质构特性间的关联性,通过主成分分析法确立可评价苹果品质的主要指标。基于熵权法对各核心指标赋予权重,并建立灰色关联度评价模型。结果表明,不同品种苹果的各指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其水分分布与质构特性和理化指标存在高度的相关性,确立了自旋-自旋弛豫时间T_(22)(不易流动水)、T_(21)(结合水)及TA、SS、SSC为核心指标。熵权法计算权重结果得出T_(22)、T_(21)之和为35.31%,占比最大,表明水分分布对苹果品质影响最大,由灰色关联度分析得出天水花牛和阿克苏糖心的品质较好。本研究所采用的方法,能够快速准确地建立苹果的品质评价模型,为包括苹果在内的果蔬品质评价提供新方法。