Kashin-Beck disease（KBD） is an endemic degenerative osteoarthropathy of uncertain etiology. The aim of our study was to identify changes in C-telopeptide of type Ⅱ collagen（CTX-Ⅱ）, pyridinoline（PYD）, and deoxy...Kashin-Beck disease（KBD） is an endemic degenerative osteoarthropathy of uncertain etiology. The aim of our study was to identify changes in C-telopeptide of type Ⅱ collagen（CTX-Ⅱ）, pyridinoline（PYD）, and deoxypyridinoline（DPD） among KBD patients. 54 KBD patients and 78 healthy controls were included this study. Urinary samples were collected and measured by ELISA. The median quantities of PYD, CTX-Ⅱ, and DPD of KBD patients were 1107.73 ng/μmol.cre, 695.11 ng/μmol.cre, and 1342.34 pml/μmol.cre, while the median quantities of healthy controls were 805.59 ng/μmol.cre, 546.47 ng/μmol.cre, and 718.15 pml/μmol.cre, respectively. The differences between KBD patients and healthy controls were statistically significant（Z = 4.405, 3.653, and 3.724; P 〈 0.001）. The higher levels of PYD, CTX-Ⅱ, and DPD detected in KBD patients indicate that they could be used as biomarkers of KBD.展开更多
Gene expression is a complex biochemical process, involving many specific processes such as transcription, translation, switching between promoter states, and regulation. All these biochemical processes inevitably lea...Gene expression is a complex biochemical process, involving many specific processes such as transcription, translation, switching between promoter states, and regulation. All these biochemical processes inevitably lead to fluctuations in mRNA and protein abundances. This noise has been identified as an important factor underlying the observed phenotypic variability of genetically identical cells in homogeneous environments. Quantifying the contributions of different sources of noise using stochastic models of gene expression is an important step towards understanding fundamental cellular processes and cell-to-cell variability in expression levels. In this paper, we review progresses in quantitative study of simple gene expression systems, including some results that we have not published. We analytically show how specific processes associated with gene expression affect expression levels. In particular, we derive the analytical decomposition of expression noise, which is important for understanding the roles of the factorial noise in controlling phenotypic variability. We also introduce a new index （called attribute factor） to quantify expression noise, which has more advantages than the commonly-used noise indices such as noise intensity and Fano factor.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research Projects of Science and Technology in Qinghai Province(2017-ZJ-770)
文摘Kashin-Beck disease（KBD） is an endemic degenerative osteoarthropathy of uncertain etiology. The aim of our study was to identify changes in C-telopeptide of type Ⅱ collagen（CTX-Ⅱ）, pyridinoline（PYD）, and deoxypyridinoline（DPD） among KBD patients. 54 KBD patients and 78 healthy controls were included this study. Urinary samples were collected and measured by ELISA. The median quantities of PYD, CTX-Ⅱ, and DPD of KBD patients were 1107.73 ng/μmol.cre, 695.11 ng/μmol.cre, and 1342.34 pml/μmol.cre, while the median quantities of healthy controls were 805.59 ng/μmol.cre, 546.47 ng/μmol.cre, and 718.15 pml/μmol.cre, respectively. The differences between KBD patients and healthy controls were statistically significant（Z = 4.405, 3.653, and 3.724; P 〈 0.001）. The higher levels of PYD, CTX-Ⅱ, and DPD detected in KBD patients indicate that they could be used as biomarkers of KBD.
文摘Gene expression is a complex biochemical process, involving many specific processes such as transcription, translation, switching between promoter states, and regulation. All these biochemical processes inevitably lead to fluctuations in mRNA and protein abundances. This noise has been identified as an important factor underlying the observed phenotypic variability of genetically identical cells in homogeneous environments. Quantifying the contributions of different sources of noise using stochastic models of gene expression is an important step towards understanding fundamental cellular processes and cell-to-cell variability in expression levels. In this paper, we review progresses in quantitative study of simple gene expression systems, including some results that we have not published. We analytically show how specific processes associated with gene expression affect expression levels. In particular, we derive the analytical decomposition of expression noise, which is important for understanding the roles of the factorial noise in controlling phenotypic variability. We also introduce a new index （called attribute factor） to quantify expression noise, which has more advantages than the commonly-used noise indices such as noise intensity and Fano factor.
