Defining Quantum Advantage for Building a Sustainable MVP to Deliver Quantum Computing Services

Quantum Computing (QC) is hailed as the future of computers. After Google’s claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy in 2019, several groups challenged the claim. Some QC experts attribute catastrophic risks that unrestrained QC may cause in the future by collapsing the current cryptographic cybersecurity infrastructure. These predictions are relevant only if QC becomes commercially viable and sustainable in the future. No technology can be a one-way ticket to catastrophe, and neither can the definition of superiority of that technology be. If there are catastrophic risks, large-scale QC can never enter the public domain as a minimum viable product (MVP) unless there are safeguards in place. Those safeguards should obviously become an integral part of the definition of its superiority over the legacy systems. NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) is pursuing the standardization of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as that safeguard. However, with all the 82 candidate PQCs failing and companies already offering QC as a service, there’s an urgent need for an alternate strategy to mitigate the impending Q-Day threat and render QC sustainable. Our research proposes a novel encryption-agnostic cybersecurity approach to safeguard QC. It articulates a comprehensive definition of an MVP that can potentially set a sustainable gold standard for defining commercially viable quantum advantage over classical computing.

Quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states

A protocol of quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states is proposed.We explore the effects of temperature and system parameters on dense coding capacity and provide an efficient strategy to preserve the quantum advantage of dense coding for these states.Our results may open new opportunities for secure communication and insights into the fundamental nature of gravity in the context of quantum information processing.

HASM quantum machine learning

The miniaturization of transistors led to advances in computers mainly to speed up their computation.Such miniaturization has approached its fundamental limits.However,many practices require better computational resources than the capabilities of existing computers.Fortunately,the development of quantum computing brings light to solve this problem.We briefly review the history of quantum computing and highlight some of its advanced achievements.Based on current studies,the Quantum Computing Advantage(QCA)seems indisputable.The challenge is how to actualize the practical quantum advantage(PQA).It is clear that machine learning can help with this task.The method used for high accuracy surface modelling(HASM)incorporates reinforced machine learning.It can be transformed into a large sparse linear system and combined with the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd(HHL)quantum algorithm to support quantum machine learning.HASM has been successfully used with classical computers to conduct spatial interpolation,upscaling,downscaling,data fusion and model-data assimilation of ecoenvironmental surfaces.Furthermore,a training experiment on a supercomputer indicates that our HASM-HHL quantum computing approach has a similar accuracy to classical HASM and can realize exponential acceleration over the classical algorithms.A universal platform for hybrid classical-quantum computing would be an obvious next step along with further work to improve the approach because of the many known limitations of the HHL algorithm.In addition,HASM quantum machine learning might be improved by:(1)considerably reducing the number of gates required for operating HASM-HHL;(2)evaluating cost and benchmark problems of quantum machine learning;(3)comparing the performance of the quantum and classical algorithms to clarify their advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy and computational speed;and(4)the algorithms would be added to a cloud platform to support applications and gather active feedback from users of the algorithms.

Information processing at the speed of light

In recent years,quantum computing has made significant strides,particularly in light-based technology.The introduction of quantum photonic chips has ushered in an era marked by scalability,stability,and cost-effectiveness,paving the way for innovative possibilities within compact footprints.This article provides a comprehensive exploration of photonic quantum computing,covering key aspects such as encoding information in photons,the merits of photonic qubits,and essential photonic device components including light squeezers,quantum light sources,interferometers,photodetectors,and wave-guides.The article also examines photonic quantum communication and internet,and its implications for secure systems,detailing implementations such as quantum key distribution and long-distance communication.Emerging trends in quantum communication and essential reconfigurable elements for advancing photonic quantum internet are discussed.The review further navigates the path towards establishing scalable and fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers,highlighting quantum computational advantages achieved using photons.Additionally,the discussion extends to programmable photonic circuits,integrated photonics and transformative applications.Lastly,the review addresses prospects,implications,and challenges in photonic quantum computing,offering valuable insights into current advancements and promising future directions in this technology.