Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we pr...Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.展开更多
In this paper a quantum dialogue scheme is proposed by using N batches of single photons. The same secret message is encoded on each batch of single photons by the sender with two different unitary operations, and the...In this paper a quantum dialogue scheme is proposed by using N batches of single photons. The same secret message is encoded on each batch of single photons by the sender with two different unitary operations, and then the N batches of single photons are sent to the receiver. After eavesdropping check, the message is encoded on the one remaining batch by the receiver. It is shown that the intercept-and-resend attack and coupling auxiliary modes attack can be resisted more efficiently, because the photons are sent only once in our quantum dialogue scheme.展开更多
A theoretical protocol of quantum dialogue is proposed,which uses a class of three-photon W states asquantum channel.After two-step security check,four-bit secret message can be transmitted to each other by transmitti...A theoretical protocol of quantum dialogue is proposed,which uses a class of three-photon W states asquantum channel.After two-step security check,four-bit secret message can be transmitted to each other by transmittingof single photon with the aid of two-bit classical information.展开更多
We present a controlled secure quantum dialogue protocol using a non-maximally （pure） entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeibinger （GHZ） states at first, and then discuss the requirements for a real quantum dialogue. We ...We present a controlled secure quantum dialogue protocol using a non-maximally （pure） entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeibinger （GHZ） states at first, and then discuss the requirements for a real quantum dialogue. We show that the authorized two users can exchange their secret messages after purifying the non-maximally entangled GHZ states quantum channel unconditionally securely and simultaneously under the control of a third party.展开更多
Quantum system is inevitably affected by the external environment in the real world.Two controlled quantum dialogue protocols are put forward based on logicalχ-type states under collective noise environment.One is ag...Quantum system is inevitably affected by the external environment in the real world.Two controlled quantum dialogue protocols are put forward based on logicalχ-type states under collective noise environment.One is against collectivedephasing noise,while the other is against collective-rotation noise.Compared with existing protocols,there exist several outstanding advantages in our proposed protocols:Firstly,theχ-type state is utilized as quantum channels,it possesses better entanglement properties than GHZ state,W state as well as cluster state,which make it difficult to be destroyed by local operations.Secondly,two kinds of logicalχ-type states are constructed by us in theory,which can be perfectly immune to the effects of collective noise.Thirdly,the controller can be offline after quantum distribution and permission announcement,without waiting for all the participants to complete the information coding.Fourthly,the security analysis illuminates that our protocols can not only be free from the information leakage,but also resist against the interceptand-resend attack,the entanglement-and-measure attack,the modification attack,the conspiring attack,and especially the dishonest controller’s attacks.展开更多
A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator＇s secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence ...A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator＇s secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence coding, local collective unitary operations, and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, during the process of trans- mission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using symmetric two-dimensional states. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.展开更多
We present an improved eavesdropping scheme on the quantum dialogue protocol in lossy channel, which is based on the strategies of Wojcik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 157901 （2003）] and ZML [Phys. Lett. A 333 46 （2004）] a...We present an improved eavesdropping scheme on the quantum dialogue protocol in lossy channel, which is based on the strategies of Wojcik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 157901 （2003）] and ZML [Phys. Lett. A 333 46 （2004）] attack schemes. We show that our attack scheme doubles the domain of Eve＇s eavesdropping and Eve can gain more information of the communication with less risk of being detected. Finally, a possible improvement for the dialogue protocol security is proposed.展开更多
In order to enable two parties to exchange their secret information equally,we propose a controlled quantum dialogue protocol based on quantum walks,which implements the equal exchange of secret information between th...In order to enable two parties to exchange their secret information equally,we propose a controlled quantum dialogue protocol based on quantum walks,which implements the equal exchange of secret information between the two parties with the help of the controller TP.The secret information is transmitted via quantum walks,by using this method,the previously required entangled particles do not need to be prepared in the initial phase,and the entangled particles can be produced spontaneously via quantum walks.Furthermore,to resist TP’s dishonest behavior,we use a hash function to verify the correctness of the secret information.The protocol analysis shows that it is safe and reliable facing some attacks,including intercept-measure-resend attack,entanglement attack,dishonest controller’s attack and participant attack.And has a slightly increasing efficiency comparing with the previous protocols.Note that the proposed protocol may be feasible because quantum walks prove to be implemented in different physical systems and experiments.展开更多
Recently,measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication schemes were proposed by Niu et al.[Sci.Bull.631345(2018)]and Zhou et al.[Sci.China-Phys.Mech.Astron.63230362(2020)].Inspired by their ideas,...Recently,measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication schemes were proposed by Niu et al.[Sci.Bull.631345(2018)]and Zhou et al.[Sci.China-Phys.Mech.Astron.63230362(2020)].Inspired by their ideas,in this paper,a measurement-device-independent quantum dialogue protocol based on entanglement is designed and proven to be secure.The advantage of this scheme is that it can not only allow two communicators to transmit secret messages between each other,making the application scenarios more extensive,but can also eliminate all the security loopholes related to the measurement device and information leakage.In terms of experimental implementation,the scheme mainly involves the preparation of entangled states,the preparation of single photons,quantum storage,Bell measurement and other technologies,all of which are mature at present,therefore,the scheme is feasible by using current technologies.展开更多
Based on the deterministic secure quantum communication, we present a novel quantum dialogue protocol with- out information leakage over the collective noise channel. The logical qubits and four-qubit decoherence-free...Based on the deterministic secure quantum communication, we present a novel quantum dialogue protocol with- out information leakage over the collective noise channel. The logical qubits and four-qubit decoherence-free states are introduced for resisting against collective-dephasing noise, collective-rotation noise and all kinds of unitary collective noise, respectively. Compared with the existing similar protocols, the analyses on security and information-theoretical emciency show that the proposed protocol is more secure and emeient.展开更多
Photocatalytic water splitting is beneficial for the effective mitigation of global energy and environmental crises.Owing to multi-exciton generation,impressive light harvesting,and excellent photochemical properties,...Photocatalytic water splitting is beneficial for the effective mitigation of global energy and environmental crises.Owing to multi-exciton generation,impressive light harvesting,and excellent photochemical properties,the quantum dot(QD)-based catalysts reveal a considerable potential in photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production compared with bulk competitors.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in QDs for photocatalytic H_(2) production by enumerating different synthetic and characterization strategies for QDs.Various QDs-based photocatalysts are introduced and summarized in categories,and the role of different QDs in varied systems,as well as the mechanism and key factors that enhance the photocatalytic H_(2) generation performance,is discussed.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives in the exploration of highly efficient QDs-based photocatalysts for innovative applications are highlighted.展开更多
A new facile method for preparing water-soluble near-infrared （NIR）-emitting PbS quantum dots （QDs） is proposed by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC, a derivate of L-cysteine） as its stabilizer. The influence of th...A new facile method for preparing water-soluble near-infrared （NIR）-emitting PbS quantum dots （QDs） is proposed by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC, a derivate of L-cysteine） as its stabilizer. The influence of the precursor Pb/S molar ratio, the Pb/NAC molar ratio, and the pH of original solution on optical properties is explored. Results show that aqueous PbS QDs with strong NIR fluorescence can be prepared and their photoluminescence emission peaks can be tuned from 895 nm to 970 nm. Studies indicate that such aqueous QDs have a potential application in biomedical imaging, especially in noninvasive in vivo fluorescence imaging. In addition, the resulting PbS QDs are further characterized by a transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.展开更多
Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs) were used for labeling many biomacromolecules and small molecules,but it remains a challenge to couple it with short active peptides without any limitation,which play critical roles in ...Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs) were used for labeling many biomacromolecules and small molecules,but it remains a challenge to couple it with short active peptides without any limitation,which play critical roles in many physiological processes.Several coupling methods known about QDs and short peptides have some limitations.In this research,we report a method for the synthesis of QDs labeled peptides to be appropriate to any short peptide.The QDs(CdTe)-labeled short peptides were verified and characterized by RP-HPLC.The result shows that the surface of the T cell treated with QDs-TP5 emits yellow fluoresence.These results indicate that QDs-TP5 tends to aggregate on the surface of T cells.They were applied to monitoring the specific binding between the immune peptides and T cell surface receptors.The binding and the resultant fluorescence were observed and monitored by fluorescence microscope in vitro.The QDs-labeled immune peptides provide a powerful method for studying the immune modulating activity of TP5 in vivo.展开更多
This paper reported an efficient and rapid method to produce highly monodispersed CdSe quantum dots (QDs), in which the traditional trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was replaced by paraffin liquid as solvent and oleic a...This paper reported an efficient and rapid method to produce highly monodispersed CdSe quantum dots (QDs), in which the traditional trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was replaced by paraffin liquid as solvent and oleic acid as the reacting media. The experimental conditions and the properties of QDs had been studied in detail. The resulting samples were confirmed of uniform size distribution with transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), while UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra clearly indicated that such synthesized QDs had good fluorescence properties.展开更多
The 1.55-μm quantum-dot (QD) micropillar cavities are strongly required as single photon sources (SPSs) for silica-fiber-based quantum information processing. Theoretical analysis shows that the adiabatic distributed...The 1.55-μm quantum-dot (QD) micropillar cavities are strongly required as single photon sources (SPSs) for silica-fiber-based quantum information processing. Theoretical analysis shows that the adiabatic distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure may greatly improve the quality of a micropillar cavity. An InGaAsP/InP micropillar cavity is originally difficult, but it becomes more likely usable with inserted tapered (thickness decreased towards the center) distributed DBRs. Simulation turns out that, incorporating adiabatically tapered DBRs, a Si/SiO2- InP hybrid micropillar cavity, which enables weakly coupling InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs), can even well satisfy strong coupling at a smaller diameter. Certainly, not only the tapered structure, other adiabatic designs, e.g., both DBR layers getting thicker and one thicker one thinner, also improve the quality, reduce the diameter, and degrade the fabrication difficulty of Si/SiO2-InP hybrid micropillar cavities. Furthermore, the problem of the thin epitaxial semiconductor layer can also be greatly resolved by inserting adiabatic InGaAsP/InP DBRs. With tapered DBRs, the InGaAsP/InP-air-aperture micro-pillar cavity serves as an efficient, coherent, and monolithically producible 1.55-μm single-photon source (SPS). The adiabatic design is thus an effective way to obtain prospective candidates for 1.55-μm QD SPSs.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175106 and 92365110).
文摘Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.
基金Project supported by the Science Foundation of Yanbian University of China （Grant No 2005-20）.
文摘In this paper a quantum dialogue scheme is proposed by using N batches of single photons. The same secret message is encoded on each batch of single photons by the sender with two different unitary operations, and then the N batches of single photons are sent to the receiver. After eavesdropping check, the message is encoded on the one remaining batch by the receiver. It is shown that the intercept-and-resend attack and coupling auxiliary modes attack can be resisted more efficiently, because the photons are sent only once in our quantum dialogue scheme.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10704011the Research Programs of the Educational Office of Liaoning Province under Grant No.2008006
文摘A theoretical protocol of quantum dialogue is proposed,which uses a class of three-photon W states asquantum channel.After two-step security check,four-bit secret message can be transmitted to each other by transmittingof single photon with the aid of two-bit classical information.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10575017
文摘We present a controlled secure quantum dialogue protocol using a non-maximally （pure） entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeibinger （GHZ） states at first, and then discuss the requirements for a real quantum dialogue. We show that the authorized two users can exchange their secret messages after purifying the non-maximally entangled GHZ states quantum channel unconditionally securely and simultaneously under the control of a third party.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61502048)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China(Grant No.201801D221159)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province of China(Grant No.2019L0470)Youth Research Foundation of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics in Shanxi Province of China(Grant No.QN-2016009)
文摘Quantum system is inevitably affected by the external environment in the real world.Two controlled quantum dialogue protocols are put forward based on logicalχ-type states under collective noise environment.One is against collectivedephasing noise,while the other is against collective-rotation noise.Compared with existing protocols,there exist several outstanding advantages in our proposed protocols:Firstly,theχ-type state is utilized as quantum channels,it possesses better entanglement properties than GHZ state,W state as well as cluster state,which make it difficult to be destroyed by local operations.Secondly,two kinds of logicalχ-type states are constructed by us in theory,which can be perfectly immune to the effects of collective noise.Thirdly,the controller can be offline after quantum distribution and permission announcement,without waiting for all the participants to complete the information coding.Fourthly,the security analysis illuminates that our protocols can not only be free from the information leakage,but also resist against the interceptand-resend attack,the entanglement-and-measure attack,the modification attack,the conspiring attack,and especially the dishonest controller’s attacks.
文摘A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator＇s secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence coding, local collective unitary operations, and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, during the process of trans- mission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using symmetric two-dimensional states. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No.KJ2011Z359)
文摘We present an improved eavesdropping scheme on the quantum dialogue protocol in lossy channel, which is based on the strategies of Wojcik [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 157901 （2003）] and ZML [Phys. Lett. A 333 46 （2004）] attack schemes. We show that our attack scheme doubles the domain of Eve＇s eavesdropping and Eve can gain more information of the communication with less risk of being detected. Finally, a possible improvement for the dialogue protocol security is proposed.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572086 and 61402058)the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province(Nos.20ZDYF2324,2019ZYD027 and 2018TJPT0012)+3 种基金the Innovation Team of Quantum Security Communication of Sichuan Province(No.17TD0009)the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Funding Support Projects of Sichuan Province(No.2016120080102643)the Application Foundation Project of Sichuan Province(No.2017JY0168)the Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province(Nos.2018GZ0204 and 2016FZ0112).
文摘In order to enable two parties to exchange their secret information equally,we propose a controlled quantum dialogue protocol based on quantum walks,which implements the equal exchange of secret information between the two parties with the help of the controller TP.The secret information is transmitted via quantum walks,by using this method,the previously required entangled particles do not need to be prepared in the initial phase,and the entangled particles can be produced spontaneously via quantum walks.Furthermore,to resist TP’s dishonest behavior,we use a hash function to verify the correctness of the secret information.The protocol analysis shows that it is safe and reliable facing some attacks,including intercept-measure-resend attack,entanglement attack,dishonest controller’s attack and participant attack.And has a slightly increasing efficiency comparing with the previous protocols.Note that the proposed protocol may be feasible because quantum walks prove to be implemented in different physical systems and experiments.
文摘Recently,measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication schemes were proposed by Niu et al.[Sci.Bull.631345(2018)]and Zhou et al.[Sci.China-Phys.Mech.Astron.63230362(2020)].Inspired by their ideas,in this paper,a measurement-device-independent quantum dialogue protocol based on entanglement is designed and proven to be secure.The advantage of this scheme is that it can not only allow two communicators to transmit secret messages between each other,making the application scenarios more extensive,but can also eliminate all the security loopholes related to the measurement device and information leakage.In terms of experimental implementation,the scheme mainly involves the preparation of entangled states,the preparation of single photons,quantum storage,Bell measurement and other technologies,all of which are mature at present,therefore,the scheme is feasible by using current technologies.
基金Supported by the Foundation and Frontier Research Program of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of China under Grant No cstc2016jcyjA0571
文摘Based on the deterministic secure quantum communication, we present a novel quantum dialogue protocol with- out information leakage over the collective noise channel. The logical qubits and four-qubit decoherence-free states are introduced for resisting against collective-dephasing noise, collective-rotation noise and all kinds of unitary collective noise, respectively. Compared with the existing similar protocols, the analyses on security and information-theoretical emciency show that the proposed protocol is more secure and emeient.
基金Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21972058,21975110,22088102,51825205+3 种基金Postgraduate Practice Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:SJCX21_1707CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,Grant/Award Number:YSBR‐004DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS,Grant/Award Number:DNL202016National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFB1502002。
文摘Photocatalytic water splitting is beneficial for the effective mitigation of global energy and environmental crises.Owing to multi-exciton generation,impressive light harvesting,and excellent photochemical properties,the quantum dot(QD)-based catalysts reveal a considerable potential in photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production compared with bulk competitors.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in QDs for photocatalytic H_(2) production by enumerating different synthetic and characterization strategies for QDs.Various QDs-based photocatalysts are introduced and summarized in categories,and the role of different QDs in varied systems,as well as the mechanism and key factors that enhance the photocatalytic H_(2) generation performance,is discussed.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives in the exploration of highly efficient QDs-based photocatalysts for innovative applications are highlighted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800257,30700799)the Scien-tific Research Starting Foundation for Introduced Talented Persons of China Pharmaceutical University~~
文摘A new facile method for preparing water-soluble near-infrared （NIR）-emitting PbS quantum dots （QDs） is proposed by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC, a derivate of L-cysteine） as its stabilizer. The influence of the precursor Pb/S molar ratio, the Pb/NAC molar ratio, and the pH of original solution on optical properties is explored. Results show that aqueous PbS QDs with strong NIR fluorescence can be prepared and their photoluminescence emission peaks can be tuned from 895 nm to 970 nm. Studies indicate that such aqueous QDs have a potential application in biomedical imaging, especially in noninvasive in vivo fluorescence imaging. In addition, the resulting PbS QDs are further characterized by a transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.
文摘Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs) were used for labeling many biomacromolecules and small molecules,but it remains a challenge to couple it with short active peptides without any limitation,which play critical roles in many physiological processes.Several coupling methods known about QDs and short peptides have some limitations.In this research,we report a method for the synthesis of QDs labeled peptides to be appropriate to any short peptide.The QDs(CdTe)-labeled short peptides were verified and characterized by RP-HPLC.The result shows that the surface of the T cell treated with QDs-TP5 emits yellow fluoresence.These results indicate that QDs-TP5 tends to aggregate on the surface of T cells.They were applied to monitoring the specific binding between the immune peptides and T cell surface receptors.The binding and the resultant fluorescence were observed and monitored by fluorescence microscope in vitro.The QDs-labeled immune peptides provide a powerful method for studying the immune modulating activity of TP5 in vivo.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30672017)the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)
文摘This paper reported an efficient and rapid method to produce highly monodispersed CdSe quantum dots (QDs), in which the traditional trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was replaced by paraffin liquid as solvent and oleic acid as the reacting media. The experimental conditions and the properties of QDs had been studied in detail. The resulting samples were confirmed of uniform size distribution with transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), while UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra clearly indicated that such synthesized QDs had good fluorescence properties.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2018JY0084
文摘The 1.55-μm quantum-dot (QD) micropillar cavities are strongly required as single photon sources (SPSs) for silica-fiber-based quantum information processing. Theoretical analysis shows that the adiabatic distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure may greatly improve the quality of a micropillar cavity. An InGaAsP/InP micropillar cavity is originally difficult, but it becomes more likely usable with inserted tapered (thickness decreased towards the center) distributed DBRs. Simulation turns out that, incorporating adiabatically tapered DBRs, a Si/SiO2- InP hybrid micropillar cavity, which enables weakly coupling InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs), can even well satisfy strong coupling at a smaller diameter. Certainly, not only the tapered structure, other adiabatic designs, e.g., both DBR layers getting thicker and one thicker one thinner, also improve the quality, reduce the diameter, and degrade the fabrication difficulty of Si/SiO2-InP hybrid micropillar cavities. Furthermore, the problem of the thin epitaxial semiconductor layer can also be greatly resolved by inserting adiabatic InGaAsP/InP DBRs. With tapered DBRs, the InGaAsP/InP-air-aperture micro-pillar cavity serves as an efficient, coherent, and monolithically producible 1.55-μm single-photon source (SPS). The adiabatic design is thus an effective way to obtain prospective candidates for 1.55-μm QD SPSs.
