Understanding hadron structure within the framework of QCD is an extremely challenging problem. Our purpose here is to explain the model-independent consequences of the approximated chiral symmetry of QCD for two famo...Understanding hadron structure within the framework of QCD is an extremely challenging problem. Our purpose here is to explain the model-independent consequences of the approximated chiral symmetry of QCD for two famous results concerning the quark structure of the nucleon. We show that both the apparent success of the constituent quark model in reproducing the ratio of proton to neutron magnetic moments and the apparent success of the Foldy term in reproducing the observed charge radius of the neutron are coincidental. That is, a relatively small change of the current quark mass would spoil both results.展开更多
Baryon magnetic moments of p, n, ∑^＋,∑^-,Ξ^0, Ξ^- and the beta decay ratios （G A/Gv ） of n → p, ∑^-→n and Ξ^0→∑^＋ are calculated in a colored quark cluster model. With SU（3） breaking, the model gives a...Baryon magnetic moments of p, n, ∑^＋,∑^-,Ξ^0, Ξ^- and the beta decay ratios （G A/Gv ） of n → p, ∑^-→n and Ξ^0→∑^＋ are calculated in a colored quark cluster model. With SU（3） breaking, the model gives a good fit to the experimental values of those baryon magnetic moments and the beta decay ratios. Our results show that the orbital motion has a significant contribution to the spin and magnetic moments of those baryons and the strange component in nucleon is small.展开更多
The magnetic moments of the baryon octet are derived from a first principle’s theory, the scalar strong interaction hadron theory, and are in approximate agreement with data. It is conjectured that this agreement may...The magnetic moments of the baryon octet are derived from a first principle’s theory, the scalar strong interaction hadron theory, and are in approximate agreement with data. It is conjectured that this agreement may be improved by including the “spin-orbit coupling” term not evaluated here.展开更多
The ratio between the anomalous magnetic moments of proton and neutron has recently been suggested to be connected to the ratio of proton momentum fractions carried by the valence quarks inside it. This moment fractio...The ratio between the anomalous magnetic moments of proton and neutron has recently been suggested to be connected to the ratio of proton momentum fractions carried by the valence quarks inside it. This moment fraction ratio is respectively evaluated by using constituent quark model and chiral quark model in order to check meson cloud effect. Our results show that the meson cloud effect is remarkable to the ratio of the proton momentum fractions, and therefore, this ratiois a sensitive test for the meson cloud effect as well as for the SU(6) symmetry breaking effect.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to find the carrier or medium of electromagnetic waves that has been searched for many years. The thermal radiation is composed of the shot noise and the wave noise, so the Planck formula can ...The aim of this paper is to find the carrier or medium of electromagnetic waves that has been searched for many years. The thermal radiation is composed of the shot noise and the wave noise, so the Planck formula can be separated mathematically into two parts. Assume every photon has the same proper magnetic moment and an equal rest mass which has been estimated from the cosmic background temperature in space where the photon gas is at an open state of thermal equilibrium. The magnetic-electric dynamic equation is established that means magnetic curl caused electric change, and the electric-magnetic dynamic equation is established that means electric curl caused magnetic change. After the wave equation is caught, it is clear that the photon gas is the medium of electromagnetic waves in vacuum.展开更多
A new universal equation using planet magnetic pole strength is presented and given reasoning for its assemblage. Coulomb’s Constant, normally used in calculating electrostatic force is utilized in a new magnetic dip...A new universal equation using planet magnetic pole strength is presented and given reasoning for its assemblage. Coulomb’s Constant, normally used in calculating electrostatic force is utilized in a new magnetic dipole equation for the first time, along with specific orbital energy. Results were generated for five planets that give insight into specific orbital energy as an energy constant for differing planets based on gravitational potential at the surface of a planet. Specific energy can be evaluated as both energy per unit volume (J/kg) and/or specific orbital energy (m2/s2). Due to a multitude of terms that lead to confusion it is recommended that the IEEE standards committee review specific orbital energy SI units for m2/s2. The magic number for cyclonic “lift off”, or anti-gravity, is calculated to be ∈ = 148 m2/s2 the value at which a classical law of magnetism appears as F = ke × H.展开更多
After one century of nuclear physics, its underlying fundamental laws remain a puzzle. Rutherford scattering is well known to be electric at low kinetic energy. Nobody noticed that the Rutherford scattering formula wo...After one century of nuclear physics, its underlying fundamental laws remain a puzzle. Rutherford scattering is well known to be electric at low kinetic energy. Nobody noticed that the Rutherford scattering formula works also at high kinetic energy, needing only to replace the repulsive electric -2 exponent by the also repulsive magnetic -6 exponent. A proton attracts a not so neutral neutron as amber attracts dust. The nucleons have magnetic moments that interact as magnets, equilibrating statically the electric attraction between a proton and a not so neutral neutron. In this paper, the electromagnetic potential energies of the deuteron 2H and the α particle 4He have been calculated statically, using only electromagnetic fundamental laws and constants. Nuclear scattering and binding energy are both electromagnetic.展开更多
In light of the developments of the chiral constituent quark model（χ^（CQM）） in studying low energy hadronic matrix elements of the ground-state baryons, we extend this model to investigate their transition proper...In light of the developments of the chiral constituent quark model（χ^（CQM）） in studying low energy hadronic matrix elements of the ground-state baryons, we extend this model to investigate their transition properties.The magnetic moments of transitions from the J^P=3/2~＋ decuplet to J^P=1/2~＋ octet baryons are calculated with explicit valence quark spin, sea quark spin and sea quark orbital angular momentum contributions. Since the experimental data is available for only a few transitions, we compare our results with the results of other available models. The implications of other complicated effects such as chiral symmetry breaking and SU（3） symmetry breaking arising due to confinement of quarks are also discussed.展开更多
Experimental evidence shows that the fundamental objects in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are the current quarks which are manifest in the high energy process. On the other hand, the constituent quarks as effective...Experimental evidence shows that the fundamental objects in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are the current quarks which are manifest in the high energy process. On the other hand, the constituent quarks as effective degree of freedom have been very successful in describing the hadron properties. The questions are: how do the constituent quarks relate to the QCD quarks? What are the general properties of the constituent quarks? These challenging problems have attracted many theoretical physicists, because they are very interesting and significant for understanding low-energy QCD, and展开更多
Using the quark-like model, we have improved the existing deviation between theoretical and experimental values of magnetic dipole moment of deuteron. Based upon Pauli Exclusion Principle, the constituent quarks form ...Using the quark-like model, we have improved the existing deviation between theoretical and experimental values of magnetic dipole moment of deuteron. Based upon Pauli Exclusion Principle, the constituent quarks form a ground state for l = 0. The expectation value of the deuteron magnetic dipole moment operator is determined to be equal to 0.861 597 8μ N in better agreement with the measured value of 0.857 437 6μ N as compared to the shell model calculations.展开更多
基金国家自然科学基金，Department of Science and Technology of Guangxi Province of China
文摘Understanding hadron structure within the framework of QCD is an extremely challenging problem. Our purpose here is to explain the model-independent consequences of the approximated chiral symmetry of QCD for two famous results concerning the quark structure of the nucleon. We show that both the apparent success of the constituent quark model in reproducing the ratio of proton to neutron magnetic moments and the apparent success of the Foldy term in reproducing the observed charge radius of the neutron are coincidental. That is, a relatively small change of the current quark mass would spoil both results.
基金The project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos.KJCX2-SW-N16 and KJCX3-SYW-N2National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10435080 and 10575123
文摘Baryon magnetic moments of p, n, ∑^＋,∑^-,Ξ^0, Ξ^- and the beta decay ratios （G A/Gv ） of n → p, ∑^-→n and Ξ^0→∑^＋ are calculated in a colored quark cluster model. With SU（3） breaking, the model gives a good fit to the experimental values of those baryon magnetic moments and the beta decay ratios. Our results show that the orbital motion has a significant contribution to the spin and magnetic moments of those baryons and the strange component in nucleon is small.
文摘The magnetic moments of the baryon octet are derived from a first principle’s theory, the scalar strong interaction hadron theory, and are in approximate agreement with data. It is conjectured that this agreement may be improved by including the “spin-orbit coupling” term not evaluated here.
文摘The ratio between the anomalous magnetic moments of proton and neutron has recently been suggested to be connected to the ratio of proton momentum fractions carried by the valence quarks inside it. This moment fraction ratio is respectively evaluated by using constituent quark model and chiral quark model in order to check meson cloud effect. Our results show that the meson cloud effect is remarkable to the ratio of the proton momentum fractions, and therefore, this ratiois a sensitive test for the meson cloud effect as well as for the SU(6) symmetry breaking effect.
文摘The aim of this paper is to find the carrier or medium of electromagnetic waves that has been searched for many years. The thermal radiation is composed of the shot noise and the wave noise, so the Planck formula can be separated mathematically into two parts. Assume every photon has the same proper magnetic moment and an equal rest mass which has been estimated from the cosmic background temperature in space where the photon gas is at an open state of thermal equilibrium. The magnetic-electric dynamic equation is established that means magnetic curl caused electric change, and the electric-magnetic dynamic equation is established that means electric curl caused magnetic change. After the wave equation is caught, it is clear that the photon gas is the medium of electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
文摘A new universal equation using planet magnetic pole strength is presented and given reasoning for its assemblage. Coulomb’s Constant, normally used in calculating electrostatic force is utilized in a new magnetic dipole equation for the first time, along with specific orbital energy. Results were generated for five planets that give insight into specific orbital energy as an energy constant for differing planets based on gravitational potential at the surface of a planet. Specific energy can be evaluated as both energy per unit volume (J/kg) and/or specific orbital energy (m2/s2). Due to a multitude of terms that lead to confusion it is recommended that the IEEE standards committee review specific orbital energy SI units for m2/s2. The magic number for cyclonic “lift off”, or anti-gravity, is calculated to be ∈ = 148 m2/s2 the value at which a classical law of magnetism appears as F = ke × H.
文摘After one century of nuclear physics, its underlying fundamental laws remain a puzzle. Rutherford scattering is well known to be electric at low kinetic energy. Nobody noticed that the Rutherford scattering formula works also at high kinetic energy, needing only to replace the repulsive electric -2 exponent by the also repulsive magnetic -6 exponent. A proton attracts a not so neutral neutron as amber attracts dust. The nucleons have magnetic moments that interact as magnets, equilibrating statically the electric attraction between a proton and a not so neutral neutron. In this paper, the electromagnetic potential energies of the deuteron 2H and the α particle 4He have been calculated statically, using only electromagnetic fundamental laws and constants. Nuclear scattering and binding energy are both electromagnetic.
文摘In light of the developments of the chiral constituent quark model（χ^（CQM）） in studying low energy hadronic matrix elements of the ground-state baryons, we extend this model to investigate their transition properties.The magnetic moments of transitions from the J^P=3/2~＋ decuplet to J^P=1/2~＋ octet baryons are calculated with explicit valence quark spin, sea quark spin and sea quark orbital angular momentum contributions. Since the experimental data is available for only a few transitions, we compare our results with the results of other available models. The implications of other complicated effects such as chiral symmetry breaking and SU（3） symmetry breaking arising due to confinement of quarks are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Nuclear Science Foundation of China.
文摘Experimental evidence shows that the fundamental objects in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are the current quarks which are manifest in the high energy process. On the other hand, the constituent quarks as effective degree of freedom have been very successful in describing the hadron properties. The questions are: how do the constituent quarks relate to the QCD quarks? What are the general properties of the constituent quarks? These challenging problems have attracted many theoretical physicists, because they are very interesting and significant for understanding low-energy QCD, and
文摘Using the quark-like model, we have improved the existing deviation between theoretical and experimental values of magnetic dipole moment of deuteron. Based upon Pauli Exclusion Principle, the constituent quarks form a ground state for l = 0. The expectation value of the deuteron magnetic dipole moment operator is determined to be equal to 0.861 597 8μ N in better agreement with the measured value of 0.857 437 6μ N as compared to the shell model calculations.
