Standards are a double edge sword and have come to be the main technical tariff and a window for market access to international trade. Standards are closely related to intellectual property, especially patents. The es...Standards are a double edge sword and have come to be the main technical tariff and a window for market access to international trade. Standards are closely related to intellectual property, especially patents. The essence of intellectual property in standardization lies in the fact that standards are a kind of quasi-public good, while patents are essentially private property. The absorption of patents into standards creates an opportunity for a patent holder to take advantage by making a profit. To prevent the abuse of patents in standards by the patent holder, SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) have to adjust the disclosure policies of the standards in patents.展开更多
中国摩托车排放第Ⅲ阶段标准(以下简称"国Ⅲ标准")对燃油蒸发污染排放开始进行控制。国Ⅳ标准中,对于两轮和边三轮摩托车采用了世界摩托车测试循环(Word Motorcycle Test Cycle,简称WMTC)作为工况法排放测试循环。因此,需要...中国摩托车排放第Ⅲ阶段标准(以下简称"国Ⅲ标准")对燃油蒸发污染排放开始进行控制。国Ⅳ标准中,对于两轮和边三轮摩托车采用了世界摩托车测试循环(Word Motorcycle Test Cycle,简称WMTC)作为工况法排放测试循环。因此,需要对国Ⅲ标准与国Ⅳ标准两种不同循环下脱附流量进行研究,才能确定国Ⅳ标准中蒸发测试项目预处理循环次数。通过测量典型两轮摩托车分别在国Ⅲ和国Ⅳ的不同测试循环下的脱附流量、脱附总量,以提出国Ⅳ标准中蒸发试验预处理运行次数的建议。展开更多
文摘Standards are a double edge sword and have come to be the main technical tariff and a window for market access to international trade. Standards are closely related to intellectual property, especially patents. The essence of intellectual property in standardization lies in the fact that standards are a kind of quasi-public good, while patents are essentially private property. The absorption of patents into standards creates an opportunity for a patent holder to take advantage by making a profit. To prevent the abuse of patents in standards by the patent holder, SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) have to adjust the disclosure policies of the standards in patents.
文摘中国摩托车排放第Ⅲ阶段标准(以下简称"国Ⅲ标准")对燃油蒸发污染排放开始进行控制。国Ⅳ标准中,对于两轮和边三轮摩托车采用了世界摩托车测试循环(Word Motorcycle Test Cycle,简称WMTC)作为工况法排放测试循环。因此,需要对国Ⅲ标准与国Ⅳ标准两种不同循环下脱附流量进行研究,才能确定国Ⅳ标准中蒸发测试项目预处理循环次数。通过测量典型两轮摩托车分别在国Ⅲ和国Ⅳ的不同测试循环下的脱附流量、脱附总量,以提出国Ⅳ标准中蒸发试验预处理运行次数的建议。
