Determination of initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using stress balance and influence matrix methods

Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and influence matrix methods were developed to determine the initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge.The stress balance equation and influence matrix of arch rib critical section were established,and the buckle cable force range was determined by the allowable stress of arch rib critical section.Then a group of buckle cable forces were selected and substituted into the stress balance equation,and the reasonable initial buckle cable force was determined through iteration.Based on the principle of force balance,the initial anchor cable force was determined.In an engineering application example,it is shown that the stress balance and influence matrix methods for the determination of initial cable force are feasible and reliable.The initial cable forces of arch rib segments only need to be adjusted once in the corresponding construction process,which improves the working efficiency and reduces the construction risk.It is found that the methods have great advantages for determining initial cable force in cantilever casting construction process of concrete arch bridge.

A novel energetic framework with the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole for energy-stability balanced explosive

In recent years,the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials.However,the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged rings by introducing multiple nitrogen heterocycles at different sites of fused rings is still difficult to progress,which seriously limits the emergence of advanced energetic compounds.In this study,a series of energetic materials choosing different nitrogen rich heterocycles at the vacancies of the fused ring,i.e.,neutral compound 5,6 and their ionic derivatives(compounds 7-12)were designed and synthesized.Compounds 5 and 6 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction,while the crystal analysis and theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the relationship between crystal structure and physicochemical properties.All of the newly synthesized compounds(5-12)are insensitive to mechanical stimulation(IS>40 J;FS≥342 N)and they own the high detonation velocity(D:8322-9075 m/s).Notably,hydrazine salt 11 own the higher detonation velocity(9075 m/s)and powder density(1.83 g/cm^(3)),but exhibits lower sensitivity(IS>40 J)than the classical energetic compound RDX(8795 m/s,1.80 g/cm^(3),7.5 J).It is obvious that the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole may be a new energetic skeleton for synthesising the heterocyclic compounds with balanced energy-stability.

Long-Time Behavior of Solution for Autonomous Suspension Bridge Equations with State-Dependent Delay

This work is devoted to the following suspension bridge with state-dependent delay: . The main goal of this paper is to investigate the long-time behavior of the system. Under suitable hypothesis, the quasi-stability estimates of the system are established, based on which the existence of global attractor with finite fractal dimension is obtained. Furthermore, the existence of exponential attractor is proved.

Theoretical Analysis and Computer Simulation of Different Balance Bridge Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator

Q -double effect of different balance bridge voltage controlled crystal oscillator (DBVCXO) is quantitatively analysed by the computer simulation

On the Variation of Divergent Flow： An Eddy-flux Form Equation Based on the Quasi-geostrophic Balance and Its Application

Based on basic equations in isobaric coordinates and the quasi-geostrophic balance,an eddy-flux form budget equation of the divergent wind has been derived. This newly derived budget equation has evident physical significance. It can show the intensity of a weather system,the variation of its flow pattern,and the feedback effects from smaller-scale systems(eddy flows). The usefulness of this new budget equation is examined by calculating budgets for the strong divergent-wind centers associated with the South Asian high,and the strong divergence centers over the Tibetan Plateau,during summer(June–August) 2010. The results indicate that the South Asian high significantly interacts with eddy flows. Compared with effects from the mean flow(background circulation),the eddy flows’ feedback influences are of greater importance in determining the flow pattern of the South Asian high. Although the positive divergence centers over the Tibetan Plateau intensify through different mechanisms,certain similarities are also obvious. First,the effects from mean flow are dominant in the rapid intensification process of the positive divergence center. Second,an intense offsetting mechanism exists between the effects associated with the eddy flows’ horizontal component and the effects related to the eddy flows’ convection activities,which weakens the total effects of the eddy flows significantly. Finally,compared with the effects associated with the convection activities of the mean flow,the accumulated effects of the eddy flows’ convection activities may be more favorable for the enhancement of the positive-divergence centers.

Quasi-Newton Method for Optimal Blank Allowance Balancing

A balancing technique for casting or forging parts to be machined is presented in this paper.It allows an optimal part setup to make sure that no shortage of material(undercut)will occur during machining.Particularly in the heavy part in- dustry,where the resulting casting size and shape may deviate from expectations,the balancing process discovers whether or not the design model is totally enclosed in the actual part to be machined.The alignment is an iterative process involving nonlinear con- strained optimization,which forces data points to lie outside the nominal model under a specific order of priority.Newton methods for non-linear numerical minimization are rarely applied to this problem because of the high cost of computing.In this paper, Newton methods are applied to the balancing of blank part.The aforesaid algorithm is demonstrated in term of a marine propeller blade,and result shows that The Newton methods are more efficient and accurate than those implemented in past research and have distinct advantages compared to the registration methods widely used today.

On the structure and representations of non-balanced quantum doubles

For a field k and two finite groups G and X, when G acts on X from the right by group automorphisms, there is a Hopf algebra structure on k-space （kX°P）＊ kG （see Theorem 2.1）, called a non-balanced quantum double and denoted by Dx（G）. In this paper, some Hopf algebra properties of Dx （G） are given, the representation types of Dx （G） viewed as a k-algebra are discussed, the algebra structure and module category over Dx（G） are studied. Since the Hopf algebra structure of non-balanced quantum double DX （G） generMizes the usual quantum double D（G） for a finite group G, all results about Dx（G） in this paper can also be used to describe D（G） as a special case and the universal R-matrix of Dx （G） provides more solutions of Yang-Baxter equation.

部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器控制方法

部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器(MMC with partly integrated BESS,MMCPBESS)可以在接入储能的同时节约建造成本,但其控制更加复杂。针对下桥臂接入储能电池的MMC-PBESS拓扑,建立数学模型及等效电路。在此基础上给出电容电压均衡策略,提出了上/下桥臂分控的控制策略,并分析了其运行边界。在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,仿真了不同交直流功率比例的运行工况,所提控制策略可以在维持电容电压平衡的同时实现对电池充电的功能。该策略无需额外的环流计算,上下桥臂控制解耦,简单灵活。

压弯剪扭复合作用下灌浆套筒装配式RC墩的抗震性能

随着城市交通的快速发展,对其建设要求越来越高,城市桥梁主要为匝道桥、斜交桥等非规则桥梁.为得到压弯剪扭等复合地震作用下装配式墩的损伤机理和滞回特性,进行了灌浆套筒连接(Grouting Sleeve,GS)、灌浆套筒和钢管混凝土剪力键组合连接(Grouting Sleeve and Steel-tube,GSS)装配式墩和钢筋混凝土现浇(Reinforced Concrete,RC)墩等三种桥墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的拟静力试验.结合现有混凝土结构设计规范计算剪扭相关曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,分析装配式墩复合荷载作用下的剪扭承载能力.结果表明:GS构件与RC构件以压弯扭破坏为主,而插入钢管剪力键的GSS构件则发生塑性铰上移,呈现出剪扭破坏的特征.GS构件和RC构件具有较好的弯曲耗能能力,增加钢管剪力键的GSS构件则可以提升抗弯承载力.装配式墩接头导致其整体性较弱,GS构件和GSS构件抗扭承载力小于RC构件.各构件在复合荷载作用下的剪扭相关关系接近规范中的1/4圆理论曲线,研究结果可以为灌浆套筒连接装配式墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的抗震性能分析提供参考.

多电平级联H桥逆变器通用型离散模型及分岔与混沌行为特性分析

多电平级联H桥逆变器内部功率器件多、等效开关频率高、开关组合状态繁杂、离散数学模型建立难度大,其分岔、混沌动力学行为难以进行系统性分析。基于虚拟遍历法建立了具有N个单元的多电平级联H桥逆变器通用型离散映射数学模型;引入对交流变量跟踪性能更佳的准比例谐振控制器,并重点分析了比例增益、谐振增益、单元数量N变化以及主电路和控制电路中其他参数变化情况下的分岔、混沌行为特性;对比分析了引入混沌抑制前后系统稳定性变化情况。从方法论角度分别采用根轨迹图和折叠图验证了稳定性分析结果的正确性,并通过PSIM仿真和实验验证了相关结论的正确性和抑制分岔与混沌行为的有效性。

压弯扭作用下新型承插装配式桥墩的抗震性能

为明确并提升承插式拼装桥墩抵抗压弯扭等复合荷载的能力,提出了一种结合灌浆套筒和承插口组合连接的新型承插装配式墩,通过复合荷载作用下的拟静力试验对比了现浇(reinforced concrete,RC)、灌浆套筒(grouting and sleeve,GS)、承插口(socket with ultra-high performance concrete,SU)和结合套筒连接钢筋的新型承插(grouting sleeve and socket with ultra-high performance concrete,GSU)连接拼装桥墩的损伤机理和滞回性能,结合有限元模型重点讨论了承插口深度对滞回性能的影响。结果表明:4个构件的破坏模式都是以受弯破坏为主的弯扭破坏,其中SU构件出现了轻微拔起的现象,而对应的GSU构件并未出现该现象,与RC构件接近;各构件的剪力-墩顶位移骨架发展趋势比较一致,由于GSU构件纵向钢筋连续,具有更好的整体性能,其抗弯承载力与RC构件接近,且明显大于SU和GS构件,4个构件弯曲滞回耗能较为接近;承插口深度为1.0倍截面宽度的GSU构件抗扭承载力略高于RC构件,且明显大于其余装配式墩,GSU构件的扭转刚度、延性系数和耗能能力均大于其他3个墩;当承插口深度采用0.5倍构件截面宽度时,新型承插GSU构件的抗弯和抗扭承载力均略高于整体现浇构件,具有良好的抵抗压弯扭荷载的能力,可以实现浅承插口连接。研究结果可为压弯扭复合作用下装配式墩的应用提供试验依据。

新型桥梁“耗能-限位”一体化弧形板装置力学性能试验及参数敏感性分析

为解决强震作用下中小跨径简支梁桥的落梁问题,研发了一种经济高效、安装便捷的新型“耗能限位”梁一体化弧形板装置.首先采用拟静力试验研究了不同截面的弧形板装置滞回耗能行为和疲劳破坏机理,接着采用数值分析的手段探讨了参数对装置力位移骨架曲线及等效阻尼比的影响规律,并补充了弧形板装置的防落梁行为模式与极限承载能力.结果表明:提出的新型弧形板装置具有优异的耗能能力,T形截面的弧形板结构更加合理,等效阻尼比最大能达到近40%;弧形板装置可通过分离几何参数对耗能能力、滞回强度、刚度及位移能力进行设计,增大中间截面的腹板高度h2是提高弧形板耗能能力的最有效手段,增加50%的h2能提高50.1%的最大强度与约4.7%的等效阻尼比.所提出的新型防落梁装置为桥梁中小震消能和强震柔性防落梁提供一体化装置解决方案.

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁大桥主桥设计关键技术

研究目的:洪奇沥公铁大桥是深江铁路的控制性工程,主桥采用主跨808 m公铁合建斜拉桥一跨跨越洪奇沥水道,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。结合建设条件、结构特点及使用性能,对主桥结构体系、主梁横断面及结构形式、索-塔锚固结构、施工方法等关键技术展开研究,确定技术合理可行和经济节约的设计方案。研究结论:(1)首创了短边跨叠合板-桁组合梁斜拉桥结构体系,主桥长度减少20%,节省工程投资;(2)首次在4线铁路公铁合建斜拉桥上采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确;(3)提出的边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合结构,集结构受力和锚固压重于一体,施工便捷;(4)发明了“自平衡交叉锚固+齿块锚固”的索-塔混合锚固方式,技术经济性高;(5)钢主梁创新采用“纵向大节段+横向分块”施工方法,解决了超宽超高超重整节段钢桁梁运输受既有桥净空限制的难题;(6)本研究成果可为公铁合建桁梁斜拉桥设计提供参考或借鉴。

底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为提高预应力连接预制节段拼装桥墩的抗震性能及施工便捷性,设计了一种底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩并进行了抗震试验研究。提出了该新型预制节段拼装桥墩填芯高度设计方法,设计了底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩缩尺模型并开展了拟静力试验测试。基于试验结果分析了该新型桥墩在水平循环往复作用下的裂缝发展过程、失效模式、滞回性能、延性性能、耗能能力及桥墩接缝的开口大小等抗震性能。研究结果表明:所发展的底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩的失效模式为底部节段混凝土局部压溃,但范围较小,所提填芯高度的设计方法可行,可以使桥墩实现预期失效模式。该新型桥墩具有较小的残余位移、优异的耗能能力与延性性能,这表明此桥墩具有优异的抗震性能。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥方案构思与总体设计

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥采用(3×100+808+3×100)m超短边跨钢-混组合混合梁斜拉桥,一跨跨越通航水域。该桥公铁分层布置,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。主梁采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确、经济性好。中跨主梁采用板桁-箱桁组合结构钢梁,桥面结构参与主桁受力,具有高效综合性能。边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合梁,融结构受力和锚固压重于一体,叠合板采用32 cm厚预制板+40 cm厚现浇层。钢-混结合段采用“钢格室+承压板”构造,钢-混结合面位于桥塔向中跨侧4.6 m。桥塔采用H形混凝土塔,基础采用35根直径4.0 m的大直径钻孔灌注桩。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度2000 MPa的平行钢丝成品索,最大规格为PES(C)7-547。索梁锚固采用副桁弦杆节点兜底钢锚箱结构,传力可靠、抗疲劳性能好。索塔锚固创新地采用自平衡交叉混合锚固技术,以适应大规格斜拉索锚固。钢桁梁采用“纵向分段、横向分区”制造、运输、现场吊装的施工方案。

无功补偿与储能集成系统中H桥级联型功率变换器相内SoC快速均衡

无功补偿与储能集成系统应用于风、光电站具有经济性,其中H桥级联型功率变换器具有低功率因数运行特点,提升其相内SoC均衡速度有助于提升电池安全和储能系统容量利用率。在调制约束下,考虑相内SoC均衡中电压无功分量的叠加,分析不同功率因数时功率单元的SoC均衡能力。基于分析,提出相内SoC的快速均衡方法,设计均衡控制电压有功分量叠加方法,充分利用功率单元的SoC均衡能力。基于各功率单元叠加的电压有功分量设计相应单元的无功分量叠加方法,提升功率单元的SoC均衡能力。仿真分析验证了相内SoC快速均衡控制的有效性。

一种可实现双向故障闭锁的双极Y型模块化多电平直流变换器

直流电网互联通常采用隔离型高压大功率直流变换器,但其存在体积大、成本高及传输效率较低等问题。该文提出一种双极Y型模块化多电平DC/DC变换器,其避免使用中间变压器,实现直流功率双向传输,并且可以有效闭锁双向直流故障。首先分析了变换器拓扑结构及故障闭锁工作原理,并根据桥臂内电势等效原理建立了数学模型。基于变换器臂间、相间能量平衡约束,在闭环控制的基础上引入桥臂电流补偿控制,提升变换器暂态性能。最后,在Matlab/Simulink搭建了采用模块化多电平DC/DC变换器(modularmultilevelDC/DCconverter,DC-MMC)的直流输电系统仿真模型,通过对端口电流、桥臂电流及桥臂电容电压等动态指标的分析,验证了所提DC-MMC双向功率传输控制及双向故障闭锁能力的可行性和有效性。

基于双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的退役电池组均衡方法

退役电池在储能应用过程中,由于其较大的不一致性问题会导致退役电池组出现过充或过放现象,从而限制电池组整体的容量甚至引起热失控,造成安全隐患。针对以上问题,设计一种基于双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的有源均衡电路。该均衡电路通过开关阵列与隔离型双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的相互配合,能够实现单体电池与电池组整体之间的能量传递,使退役电池组中各单体电池达到能量平衡。另外,为进一步提高均衡器的均衡速度及精度,提出一种联合电压与荷电状态(SOC)共同作为均衡变量的多状态均衡控制策略。依据电池组当前不同的能量状态,在电池组静置、充电及放电3种不同状态下,分别采用不同的均衡变量以及对应的均衡策略,从而实现电池组的快速均衡。最后,通过搭建小型的均衡实验样机对6节串联电池进行均衡实验,实验结果表明,所提均衡方法具有较快的均衡速度及较好的均衡效果。

基于阿贝尔群上的差分集构造LDPC码

本文给出了区组长度为3、4和5的平衡不完全区组设计,将设计的关联矩阵作为校验矩阵,从而构造出3种低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC,low-density parity-check code)。由于这些校验矩阵是准循环矩阵,所以构造的码是拟循环LDPC码(QC-LDPC,quasi-cyclic LDPC)。计算码的相关参数,并针对具体的例子通过与类随机码的译码性能进行分析比较,结果显示,所构造的码具有较好的性能。

电源外析原理与拟功率平衡原理及双端口网络等效原理

戴维宁定理和诺顿定理合称戴诺定理,是电路原理中最重要的定理之一,也是求解电路最重要的方法之一,但戴诺定理仅适用于单端口网络。分析总结了实电路和复电路的基本原理,对端口网络进行了完整分类、对双端口网络参数表达进行了分析研究,提出了含激端口网络的反激去激原理和电源外析原理,梳理了平稳电路的拟功率平衡原理和互易性原理,并提出了平稳电路无激双端口网络与含激双端口网络的紧致等效原理,有助于完善实电路和复电路的知识体系。