The problem that consumers often fail to read the standard form contracts they willingly enter into has been recognized by many scholars.This is a pressing issue because it may result in the consumers being disadvanta...The problem that consumers often fail to read the standard form contracts they willingly enter into has been recognized by many scholars.This is a pressing issue because it may result in the consumers being disadvantaged in bargains.Several laws have already been put in place to protect consumers,but the protection is often inadequate.This essay assesses how the current solutions are carried out and investigates whether new methods can be put in place.It argues that the key to dealing with the no-reading phenomenon is to make contracts more accessible to consumers so that they can be more inclined to guard their own interests.展开更多
With an elastic negative pole being driven by ultra so nic vibration and being moved along the surface of work-piece compliantly by ro bot, a new kind of effective EDM, the compliant EDM, cuts the electrically condu c...With an elastic negative pole being driven by ultra so nic vibration and being moved along the surface of work-piece compliantly by ro bot, a new kind of effective EDM, the compliant EDM, cuts the electrically condu ctive materials away and polishes work-piece of free-form surface. The study o f the contact force between the end of polishing tool and the surface of work-p iece is the key for the compliant EDM to study its cutting mechanism and to make better use of it. This paper makes a model for the contact force and verifies i t by experiments and simulation based on the theory of elastic body kinetics and dynamic stress concentration. The research work shows that this contact force i s caused by both the electrical impulsion of EDM and the mechanical force of ult rasonic vibration, the discharge frequency of compliant EDM has a much more clos er connection with the vibration frequency of polishing tool rather than the fre quency of ultrasonic vibration.展开更多
Contractions of the Lie algebras d = u(2), f = u(1 ,1) to the oscillator Lie algebra l are realized via the adjoint action of SU(2,2) when d, l, f are viewed as subalgebras of su(2,2). Here D, L, F are the correspondi...Contractions of the Lie algebras d = u(2), f = u(1 ,1) to the oscillator Lie algebra l are realized via the adjoint action of SU(2,2) when d, l, f are viewed as subalgebras of su(2,2). Here D, L, F are the corresponding (four-dimensional) real Lie groups endowed with bi-invariant metrics of Lorentzian signature. Similar contractions of (seven-dimensional) isometry Lie algebras iso(D), iso(F) to iso(L) are determined. The group SU(2,2) acts on each of the D, L, F by conformal transformation which is a core feature of the DLF-theory. Also, d and f are contracted to T, S-abelian subalgebras, generating parallel translations, T, and proper conformal transformations, S (from the decomposition of su(2,2) as a graded algebra T + Ω + S, where Ω is the extended Lorentz Lie algebra of dimension 7).展开更多
Successful and cost-effective construction relies upon appropriate communication of the participants of the construction project. Hence, it is important to define the rights and responsibilities of the parties, and re...Successful and cost-effective construction relies upon appropriate communication of the participants of the construction project. Hence, it is important to define the rights and responsibilities of the parties, and relationships among them. In this context, well-designed and complete agreement is essential and necessary for the successfully completion of a construction project within the desired time, quality and budget. In this paper, it is aimed to analyze and compare the owner-contractor agreements in the Turkish and the US construction industry. First, the importance of construction contracts and contractual elements of an agreement is determined, and then, the standard owner-contractor agreement which is used in the Turkish construction industry is analyzed and compared with the US standard owner-contractor agreement. Finally, the differences between these agreements are put forward, the lack and deficiencies of Turkish standard agreement form are determined, and appropriate suggestions are improved.展开更多
Without the Lipschitz assumption and boundedness of K in arbitrary Banach spaces, the Ishikawa iteration ｛x n｝ ∞ n=1 defined byx 1∈K,\ x n+1 =(1-α n)x n+α nTy n,\ y n=(1-β n)x n+β n...Without the Lipschitz assumption and boundedness of K in arbitrary Banach spaces, the Ishikawa iteration ｛x n｝ ∞ n=1 defined byx 1∈K,\ x n+1 =(1-α n)x n+α nTy n,\ y n=(1-β n)x n+β nTx n,\ n≥1satisfying 0<α n,β n<1 ,for all n≥1;∑ ∞ n=1 α n=∞;α n→0,β n→0 as n→∞ is proved to converge strongly to the unique fixed point of T ,where T:K→K is a uniformly continuous strictly pseudo\|contractive operator with bounded range.展开更多
文摘The problem that consumers often fail to read the standard form contracts they willingly enter into has been recognized by many scholars.This is a pressing issue because it may result in the consumers being disadvantaged in bargains.Several laws have already been put in place to protect consumers,but the protection is often inadequate.This essay assesses how the current solutions are carried out and investigates whether new methods can be put in place.It argues that the key to dealing with the no-reading phenomenon is to make contracts more accessible to consumers so that they can be more inclined to guard their own interests.
文摘With an elastic negative pole being driven by ultra so nic vibration and being moved along the surface of work-piece compliantly by ro bot, a new kind of effective EDM, the compliant EDM, cuts the electrically condu ctive materials away and polishes work-piece of free-form surface. The study o f the contact force between the end of polishing tool and the surface of work-p iece is the key for the compliant EDM to study its cutting mechanism and to make better use of it. This paper makes a model for the contact force and verifies i t by experiments and simulation based on the theory of elastic body kinetics and dynamic stress concentration. The research work shows that this contact force i s caused by both the electrical impulsion of EDM and the mechanical force of ult rasonic vibration, the discharge frequency of compliant EDM has a much more clos er connection with the vibration frequency of polishing tool rather than the fre quency of ultrasonic vibration.
文摘Contractions of the Lie algebras d = u(2), f = u(1 ,1) to the oscillator Lie algebra l are realized via the adjoint action of SU(2,2) when d, l, f are viewed as subalgebras of su(2,2). Here D, L, F are the corresponding (four-dimensional) real Lie groups endowed with bi-invariant metrics of Lorentzian signature. Similar contractions of (seven-dimensional) isometry Lie algebras iso(D), iso(F) to iso(L) are determined. The group SU(2,2) acts on each of the D, L, F by conformal transformation which is a core feature of the DLF-theory. Also, d and f are contracted to T, S-abelian subalgebras, generating parallel translations, T, and proper conformal transformations, S (from the decomposition of su(2,2) as a graded algebra T + Ω + S, where Ω is the extended Lorentz Lie algebra of dimension 7).
文摘Successful and cost-effective construction relies upon appropriate communication of the participants of the construction project. Hence, it is important to define the rights and responsibilities of the parties, and relationships among them. In this context, well-designed and complete agreement is essential and necessary for the successfully completion of a construction project within the desired time, quality and budget. In this paper, it is aimed to analyze and compare the owner-contractor agreements in the Turkish and the US construction industry. First, the importance of construction contracts and contractual elements of an agreement is determined, and then, the standard owner-contractor agreement which is used in the Turkish construction industry is analyzed and compared with the US standard owner-contractor agreement. Finally, the differences between these agreements are put forward, the lack and deficiencies of Turkish standard agreement form are determined, and appropriate suggestions are improved.
文摘Without the Lipschitz assumption and boundedness of K in arbitrary Banach spaces, the Ishikawa iteration ｛x n｝ ∞ n=1 defined byx 1∈K,\ x n+1 =(1-α n)x n+α nTy n,\ y n=(1-β n)x n+β nTx n,\ n≥1satisfying 0<α n,β n<1 ,for all n≥1;∑ ∞ n=1 α n=∞;α n→0,β n→0 as n→∞ is proved to converge strongly to the unique fixed point of T ,where T:K→K is a uniformly continuous strictly pseudo\|contractive operator with bounded range.
