Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot(Fulica atra) were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 ...Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot(Fulica atra) were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.展开更多
To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acousti...To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical signals.Determining the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial behaviors.In birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder recognition.Here,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors vs.non-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial defense.We broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three populations.During playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of vocalizations.We found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency characteristics.This result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than non-neighbors.Further work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.展开更多
The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-tempo...The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-temporal dimensions including all agents assembled for the task. This proposal was tested in the Lamkansa neighborhood in Casablanca, Morocco. The employed approach is based GIS resources and on systemic analysis of communication present in a territory. We were inspired by several methodological developments that carried multi-actor processes in land use planning. We focused our work on strengthening the collaboration between professionals, field agents and office agents, in the process of design and monitoring the liquid sanitation system. The device is based on geolocation and synchronous feedback of topological, geographical, and multimedia data related to the liquid sanitation network. Thanks to a geo-collaborative, participative, and motivating logic, we reduced the management costs of the network and made it faster and more efficient by equally mobilizing another type of non-specialized actors (the inhabitants). This device uses spatial and temporal dimensions to consolidate collaborative work tools through ICT and GIS technologies that thematize and exchange information collected in the field. Furthermore, this device raises great interest as it entails the concept of integration of several actors in a geo-collaborative mode while combining geomatics with communication and information sciences.展开更多
The establishment of the territorial spatial plan system is an important space reform act to meet the new era in China.The reform of territorial spatial plans according to classification is in line with the characteri...The establishment of the territorial spatial plan system is an important space reform act to meet the new era in China.The reform of territorial spatial plans according to classification is in line with the characteristics of China’s current territorial spatial administration and urban development.At present,China’s provincial and municipal territorial spatial plans have been publicized,and county-level territorial spatial plans are being approved one after another,while the compilation of township-level territorial spatial plans is being carried out in an orderly manner.In this paper,based on the historical background of the establishment of territorial spatial plan system integrating“multiple plans”,the background of territorial spatial plans and the important role of county-level territorial spatial plans were first elaborated,and then the progress of the compilation of county-level territorial spatial plans in Jiangxi Province was sorted out.Finally,the problems existing in the compilation were discussed,and corresponding suggestions were put forward to provide a certain reference for the construction of a scientific and reasonable territorial spatial plan system.展开更多
With the rapid development of China’s social economy,village planning is increasingly important.Departments should fully draw up practical village plan“integrating various plans”.In the context of“rural revitaliza...With the rapid development of China’s social economy,village planning is increasingly important.Departments should fully draw up practical village plan“integrating various plans”.In the context of“rural revitalization”,how to better promote“rural revitalization”and realize the concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”is a difficult problem in front of everyone.After many years of pilot of“integrating various plans”,“five levels,three categories and four systems”have been formed,but the territorial spatial planning in the new era under the construction of ecological civilization still faces many problems and challenges.In this paper,the practical village planning of“integrating various plans”under the background of territorial spatial planning was analyzed,aiming to establish and improve a complete rural spatial system and provide an effective scheme for rural governance mechanism by analyzing and refining the key points of rural planning.展开更多
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C201036)
文摘Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot(Fulica atra) were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.
基金provided by the Vicerrectoria de Investigacion Universidad de Costa Rica through the project numbers B9123,B9469,and C1085。
文摘To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical signals.Determining the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial behaviors.In birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder recognition.Here,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors vs.non-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial defense.We broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three populations.During playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of vocalizations.We found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency characteristics.This result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than non-neighbors.Further work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.
文摘The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-temporal dimensions including all agents assembled for the task. This proposal was tested in the Lamkansa neighborhood in Casablanca, Morocco. The employed approach is based GIS resources and on systemic analysis of communication present in a territory. We were inspired by several methodological developments that carried multi-actor processes in land use planning. We focused our work on strengthening the collaboration between professionals, field agents and office agents, in the process of design and monitoring the liquid sanitation system. The device is based on geolocation and synchronous feedback of topological, geographical, and multimedia data related to the liquid sanitation network. Thanks to a geo-collaborative, participative, and motivating logic, we reduced the management costs of the network and made it faster and more efficient by equally mobilizing another type of non-specialized actors (the inhabitants). This device uses spatial and temporal dimensions to consolidate collaborative work tools through ICT and GIS technologies that thematize and exchange information collected in the field. Furthermore, this device raises great interest as it entails the concept of integration of several actors in a geo-collaborative mode while combining geomatics with communication and information sciences.
文摘The establishment of the territorial spatial plan system is an important space reform act to meet the new era in China.The reform of territorial spatial plans according to classification is in line with the characteristics of China’s current territorial spatial administration and urban development.At present,China’s provincial and municipal territorial spatial plans have been publicized,and county-level territorial spatial plans are being approved one after another,while the compilation of township-level territorial spatial plans is being carried out in an orderly manner.In this paper,based on the historical background of the establishment of territorial spatial plan system integrating“multiple plans”,the background of territorial spatial plans and the important role of county-level territorial spatial plans were first elaborated,and then the progress of the compilation of county-level territorial spatial plans in Jiangxi Province was sorted out.Finally,the problems existing in the compilation were discussed,and corresponding suggestions were put forward to provide a certain reference for the construction of a scientific and reasonable territorial spatial plan system.
文摘With the rapid development of China’s social economy,village planning is increasingly important.Departments should fully draw up practical village plan“integrating various plans”.In the context of“rural revitalization”,how to better promote“rural revitalization”and realize the concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”is a difficult problem in front of everyone.After many years of pilot of“integrating various plans”,“five levels,three categories and four systems”have been formed,but the territorial spatial planning in the new era under the construction of ecological civilization still faces many problems and challenges.In this paper,the practical village planning of“integrating various plans”under the background of territorial spatial planning was analyzed,aiming to establish and improve a complete rural spatial system and provide an effective scheme for rural governance mechanism by analyzing and refining the key points of rural planning.