Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate ri...Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.展开更多
According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China ...According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China have been analyzed using statistical methods.The extreme temperature indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization are selected to describe the extreme temperature event.The RClimDEX 1.0 software is used to calculate the extreme temperature indices.There are no tropical nights,and just three summer days at the last 50 years.The frost days are the main extreme temperature events all year round.The temperature in the north slope is more extreme than that in the south slope of the Mount Qomolangma.There is remarkable decadal variation for the extreme temperature indices except diurnal temperature range.There are the warm extremes increasing,however,the cold extremes decreasing with the decadal lapse,which is more remarkable into the 21^(th) century.The tendencies for the extreme temperature indices in the north slope are consistent with those in the south slope.There are statistically significant trends for most extreme temperature indices during the study period.It shows that the warm extremes would be more prominent in the future with the global continued warming.The abrupt changes of the extreme temperature index have occurred mainly in the 20^(th) century especially from the mid to late 1980s and 1990s.The periodic changes in the south slope do not synchronize those in the north slope for the most extreme temperature indices.It is different for most extreme temperature indices between the south and north slope,which has demonstrated that the regional or local changes are not neglectable for extreme temperature research.The results of this study are also the consistent response of extreme temperature event to the global warming.展开更多
Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective advantage.In most vertebrates,skeletal muscle poss...Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective advantage.In most vertebrates,skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate,making it a valuable model for investigating the cellular processes underpinning tissue regeneration.Following damage,skeletal muscle mounts a complex regenerative cascade centered around dedicated muscle stem cells,i.e.,satellite cells.These satellite cells are,in turn,regulated by both resident and infiltrating innate immune cells of myeloid lineage,which play a crucial role in activating and guiding the transition of satellite cells towards maturation(Chen et al.,2020;Tidball,2017;Tidball&Villalta,2010).While critical for muscle regeneration,the innate immune system is energetically costly,resulting in many species decreasing immune investment under nutrient-limited environments.Whether this reduced investment results in a decreased capacity to mount a regenerative response following tissue damage remains unclear.Here,we utilized an emerging evolutionary model,the Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus),to investigate the consequences of shifts in immune system investment on skeletal muscle regeneration.展开更多
Petrogeochemical analysis of mafic rocks of Fouimba and Goma Mount in the Séguéla region (central-western Côte d’Ivoire) is the subject of this study. This analysis combines remote sensing, geophysics,...Petrogeochemical analysis of mafic rocks of Fouimba and Goma Mount in the Séguéla region (central-western Côte d’Ivoire) is the subject of this study. This analysis combines remote sensing, geophysics, petrography and geochemistry, in order to determine the major characteristics of the mafic formations in the said area, and above all to participate in the detailed mapping of all the Ivorian terrains. The mafic formations encountered in this region are essentially metatonalites to metadiorites, amphibolites, amphibole bearing pyroxenites and porphyry basalts. Chemical analysis indicates that these mafic formations are tonalitic to monzonitic. They are thought to have derived from mantle depleted magmas.展开更多
The present work focuses on the volcanic basement rock geochemistry of Mount Makabaï(MarouaCameroon city)in relation to groundwater geochemistry.Investigations were centered on an approach involving an associatio...The present work focuses on the volcanic basement rock geochemistry of Mount Makabaï(MarouaCameroon city)in relation to groundwater geochemistry.Investigations were centered on an approach involving an association of several methods such as geological cartography,hydrogeology,and geochemistry.Three rock samples,four disturbed soil samples,three undisturbed soil samples,and 20 samples of groundwater in 10 wells were collected during fieldwork and prepared for laboratory analyses.Bedrocks exhibit porphyritic,aphyric,and subaphiric textures.The phenocryst phases are mainly olivine,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase.Based on whole rock major element chemical compositions,the Makabaï samples,plotted on Na_(2)O+K_(2)O versus SiO_(2)diagram,are mugearite,hawaiite,and basalt.The ratio of(MgO+CaO)/(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)exceeds unity and shows dominance of alkaline Earth metals(MgO:2.99-4.48%;CaO:6.19-9.80%)relatively to alkali metals(Na_(2)O:2.27-4.46%;K_(2)O:2.09-2.51%).Exchangeable base contents are high,mostly represented by Ca and Mg,whose contents vary from 14.6 to 35.28 cmol(+)kg^(-1)and from 3.28 to9.48 cmol(+)kg^(-1)respectively.The CECclayis likewise high,fluctuating between 116.80 and181.38 cmol(+)kg^(-1),values in line with the presence of 2:1 clay minerals represented in the study area by montmorillonite.In the water samples,the Ca2+and Na+contents are generally higher than K^(+)and Mg^(2+),reflecting the relative abundance of Na_(2)O and CaO oxides to K_(2)O and MgO oxides in rocks where different waters were sampled.The waters of Makabaï are acidic to neutral(6.3≤pH≤7.4)and weakly to highly mineralized(110.0≤EC≤1190.0μS/cm).Hydro-geochemical classification by using the Piper diagram revealed two water types:(1)CaMg-HCO_(3)(40%)and(2)CaMg-Cl or CaMg-SO4(60%).The average content of ions in all the analyzed samples was HCO_(3)^(-)>>NO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl-for anions and Ca^(2+)>>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)for cations.Major mechanisms governing ionic constituents of groundwater in the study area are water-rock interactions,silicate weathering,and ion exchange.展开更多
Assessing soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) and soil quality (SQ) helps design better agricultural practices to improve environmental sustainability and productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess SOCS and soil...Assessing soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) and soil quality (SQ) helps design better agricultural practices to improve environmental sustainability and productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess SOCS and soil quality SQ in the main agroecosystems (AES) of the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto (West, Cameroon). Using multiple statistics tests and principal component analysis (PCA), SOCS and Soil Quality Index (SQI) were computed for each AES. SOCS and SQI were computed based on soil chemical properties and analysis of variance. Topsoil samples (0 - 30 cm) were collected in a different AES and analyzed in the laboratory. The four AES identified and selected are cultivated land (CL), forest areas (FA), mixed areas (MA), and bush areas (BA). Further, multiple comparison tests were used to compare soils from different AES. PCA was used to select the most appropriate indicators that control SOCS and SQ. Several soil properties showed high to very high coefficient of variation within the AES. Organic matter (OM) was significantly high in FA. SOCS and SQ differ significantly (p = 0.000) between the AES. The study further indicates that the main variables controlling SQ within the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto are OM, pHw, N, C/N, and CEC. While the main soil parameters controlling SOCS are OM, OC, BD, C/N, S, and pHKCl.展开更多
On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and ...On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and foreign research situation of scenic byways were summarized,and the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai were analyzed.Besides,the route selection,function orientation,construction of supporting facilities,marketing management and construction projects were discussed.Finally,it is pointed out that the construction experience of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai will be used for the construction of national scenic byways in other provinces and autonomous regions,and the national scenic byway around Mount Tai and other national scenic byways will be connected to form the national scenic byway network.It is proposed that relevant departments of the state should formulate national standards,laws and regulations for scenic byways to regulate the construction and development of scenic byways.展开更多
Mount Taishan in Taian Prefecture of Shandong Province has rich study tour resources,but its development efforts are extremely disproportionate to its status as one of the five unique mountains.Through analyzing study...Mount Taishan in Taian Prefecture of Shandong Province has rich study tour resources,but its development efforts are extremely disproportionate to its status as one of the five unique mountains.Through analyzing study tour in the context of its development and study tour resources in Mount Taishan,and based on the in-depth analysis of the existing problems,the proposals for the development of resources were put forward:highlight the main line and enrich the study activities to create study bases around Mount Taishan;improve the study services through the research and development of special products;expand the publicity to promote the educational products and research products.展开更多
MOUNT Taishan is one of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization,and an imperial,ritual place where emperors once paid homage to heaven and earth.Located in the central part of east China’s Shandong Province,Mou...MOUNT Taishan is one of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization,and an imperial,ritual place where emperors once paid homage to heaven and earth.Located in the central part of east China’s Shandong Province,Mount Taishan stretches more than 200 kilometers from east to west and 50 kilometers from north to south,with a total area of about 426 square kilometers and a maximum altitude of 1,545 meters.In ancient times.展开更多
The majestic Mount Qomolangma is the Earth’s highest peak at 8,848 meters above sea level.Located in the Himalaya,it straddles the China-Nepal border.This mighty mountain holds many secrets about the geological histo...The majestic Mount Qomolangma is the Earth’s highest peak at 8,848 meters above sea level.Located in the Himalaya,it straddles the China-Nepal border.This mighty mountain holds many secrets about the geological history and environmental changes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In April 2022,Chinese scientists launched a largescale comprehensive scientific investigation in the Mount Qomolangma region,called the“Earth Summit Mission”.Herein,I am very pleased to recount what occurred to our team’s paleontological field investigation during this scientific endeavor and the one before it.展开更多
From September 3 to 6,"Ascend Mount Tai to View the World"The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of...From September 3 to 6,"Ascend Mount Tai to View the World"The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the People's Government of Tai'an City,was held in Tai'an City,Shandong Province.展开更多
From September 3 to 6,“Ascend Mount Tai to View the World”The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of Culture...From September 3 to 6,“Ascend Mount Tai to View the World”The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the People's Government of Tai'an City,was held in Tai'an City,Shandong Province.展开更多
文摘Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0105)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA19070401)。
文摘According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China have been analyzed using statistical methods.The extreme temperature indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization are selected to describe the extreme temperature event.The RClimDEX 1.0 software is used to calculate the extreme temperature indices.There are no tropical nights,and just three summer days at the last 50 years.The frost days are the main extreme temperature events all year round.The temperature in the north slope is more extreme than that in the south slope of the Mount Qomolangma.There is remarkable decadal variation for the extreme temperature indices except diurnal temperature range.There are the warm extremes increasing,however,the cold extremes decreasing with the decadal lapse,which is more remarkable into the 21^(th) century.The tendencies for the extreme temperature indices in the north slope are consistent with those in the south slope.There are statistically significant trends for most extreme temperature indices during the study period.It shows that the warm extremes would be more prominent in the future with the global continued warming.The abrupt changes of the extreme temperature index have occurred mainly in the 20^(th) century especially from the mid to late 1980s and 1990s.The periodic changes in the south slope do not synchronize those in the north slope for the most extreme temperature indices.It is different for most extreme temperature indices between the south and north slope,which has demonstrated that the regional or local changes are not neglectable for extreme temperature research.The results of this study are also the consistent response of extreme temperature event to the global warming.
基金supported by institutional funding from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research,NIH Grant 1DP2AG071466-01,NIH Grant R01 GM127872,NSF IOS-1933428NSF EDGE Award 1923372。
文摘Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective advantage.In most vertebrates,skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate,making it a valuable model for investigating the cellular processes underpinning tissue regeneration.Following damage,skeletal muscle mounts a complex regenerative cascade centered around dedicated muscle stem cells,i.e.,satellite cells.These satellite cells are,in turn,regulated by both resident and infiltrating innate immune cells of myeloid lineage,which play a crucial role in activating and guiding the transition of satellite cells towards maturation(Chen et al.,2020;Tidball,2017;Tidball&Villalta,2010).While critical for muscle regeneration,the innate immune system is energetically costly,resulting in many species decreasing immune investment under nutrient-limited environments.Whether this reduced investment results in a decreased capacity to mount a regenerative response following tissue damage remains unclear.Here,we utilized an emerging evolutionary model,the Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus),to investigate the consequences of shifts in immune system investment on skeletal muscle regeneration.
文摘Petrogeochemical analysis of mafic rocks of Fouimba and Goma Mount in the Séguéla region (central-western Côte d’Ivoire) is the subject of this study. This analysis combines remote sensing, geophysics, petrography and geochemistry, in order to determine the major characteristics of the mafic formations in the said area, and above all to participate in the detailed mapping of all the Ivorian terrains. The mafic formations encountered in this region are essentially metatonalites to metadiorites, amphibolites, amphibole bearing pyroxenites and porphyry basalts. Chemical analysis indicates that these mafic formations are tonalitic to monzonitic. They are thought to have derived from mantle depleted magmas.
文摘The present work focuses on the volcanic basement rock geochemistry of Mount Makabaï(MarouaCameroon city)in relation to groundwater geochemistry.Investigations were centered on an approach involving an association of several methods such as geological cartography,hydrogeology,and geochemistry.Three rock samples,four disturbed soil samples,three undisturbed soil samples,and 20 samples of groundwater in 10 wells were collected during fieldwork and prepared for laboratory analyses.Bedrocks exhibit porphyritic,aphyric,and subaphiric textures.The phenocryst phases are mainly olivine,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase.Based on whole rock major element chemical compositions,the Makabaï samples,plotted on Na_(2)O+K_(2)O versus SiO_(2)diagram,are mugearite,hawaiite,and basalt.The ratio of(MgO+CaO)/(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)exceeds unity and shows dominance of alkaline Earth metals(MgO:2.99-4.48%;CaO:6.19-9.80%)relatively to alkali metals(Na_(2)O:2.27-4.46%;K_(2)O:2.09-2.51%).Exchangeable base contents are high,mostly represented by Ca and Mg,whose contents vary from 14.6 to 35.28 cmol(+)kg^(-1)and from 3.28 to9.48 cmol(+)kg^(-1)respectively.The CECclayis likewise high,fluctuating between 116.80 and181.38 cmol(+)kg^(-1),values in line with the presence of 2:1 clay minerals represented in the study area by montmorillonite.In the water samples,the Ca2+and Na+contents are generally higher than K^(+)and Mg^(2+),reflecting the relative abundance of Na_(2)O and CaO oxides to K_(2)O and MgO oxides in rocks where different waters were sampled.The waters of Makabaï are acidic to neutral(6.3≤pH≤7.4)and weakly to highly mineralized(110.0≤EC≤1190.0μS/cm).Hydro-geochemical classification by using the Piper diagram revealed two water types:(1)CaMg-HCO_(3)(40%)and(2)CaMg-Cl or CaMg-SO4(60%).The average content of ions in all the analyzed samples was HCO_(3)^(-)>>NO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl-for anions and Ca^(2+)>>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)for cations.Major mechanisms governing ionic constituents of groundwater in the study area are water-rock interactions,silicate weathering,and ion exchange.
文摘Assessing soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) and soil quality (SQ) helps design better agricultural practices to improve environmental sustainability and productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess SOCS and soil quality SQ in the main agroecosystems (AES) of the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto (West, Cameroon). Using multiple statistics tests and principal component analysis (PCA), SOCS and Soil Quality Index (SQI) were computed for each AES. SOCS and SQI were computed based on soil chemical properties and analysis of variance. Topsoil samples (0 - 30 cm) were collected in a different AES and analyzed in the laboratory. The four AES identified and selected are cultivated land (CL), forest areas (FA), mixed areas (MA), and bush areas (BA). Further, multiple comparison tests were used to compare soils from different AES. PCA was used to select the most appropriate indicators that control SOCS and SQ. Several soil properties showed high to very high coefficient of variation within the AES. Organic matter (OM) was significantly high in FA. SOCS and SQ differ significantly (p = 0.000) between the AES. The study further indicates that the main variables controlling SQ within the eastern flank of Mount Bambouto are OM, pHw, N, C/N, and CEC. While the main soil parameters controlling SOCS are OM, OC, BD, C/N, S, and pHKCl.
文摘On the basis of traffic,scenic byways can meet tourists’tourism and leisure,catering,accommodation,social,activities,resource protection and so on.In this paper,the concept,functions,characteristics and domestic and foreign research situation of scenic byways were summarized,and the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai were analyzed.Besides,the route selection,function orientation,construction of supporting facilities,marketing management and construction projects were discussed.Finally,it is pointed out that the construction experience of the national scenic byway around Mount Tai will be used for the construction of national scenic byways in other provinces and autonomous regions,and the national scenic byway around Mount Tai and other national scenic byways will be connected to form the national scenic byway network.It is proposed that relevant departments of the state should formulate national standards,laws and regulations for scenic byways to regulate the construction and development of scenic byways.
文摘Mount Taishan in Taian Prefecture of Shandong Province has rich study tour resources,but its development efforts are extremely disproportionate to its status as one of the five unique mountains.Through analyzing study tour in the context of its development and study tour resources in Mount Taishan,and based on the in-depth analysis of the existing problems,the proposals for the development of resources were put forward:highlight the main line and enrich the study activities to create study bases around Mount Taishan;improve the study services through the research and development of special products;expand the publicity to promote the educational products and research products.
文摘MOUNT Taishan is one of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization,and an imperial,ritual place where emperors once paid homage to heaven and earth.Located in the central part of east China’s Shandong Province,Mount Taishan stretches more than 200 kilometers from east to west and 50 kilometers from north to south,with a total area of about 426 square kilometers and a maximum altitude of 1,545 meters.In ancient times.
文摘The majestic Mount Qomolangma is the Earth’s highest peak at 8,848 meters above sea level.Located in the Himalaya,it straddles the China-Nepal border.This mighty mountain holds many secrets about the geological history and environmental changes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In April 2022,Chinese scientists launched a largescale comprehensive scientific investigation in the Mount Qomolangma region,called the“Earth Summit Mission”.Herein,I am very pleased to recount what occurred to our team’s paleontological field investigation during this scientific endeavor and the one before it.
文摘From September 3 to 6,"Ascend Mount Tai to View the World"The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the People's Government of Tai'an City,was held in Tai'an City,Shandong Province.
文摘From September 3 to 6,“Ascend Mount Tai to View the World”The 37th Mount Tai International Mountain Climbing Festival,jointly sponsored by the Network of International Culturalink Entities of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the People's Government of Tai'an City,was held in Tai'an City,Shandong Province.
