Water supply capability has been significantly reduced as water demand has been increased due to changes of the world's weather, causing the increase of drought frequency, and urbanization. In terms of water produ...Water supply capability has been significantly reduced as water demand has been increased due to changes of the world's weather, causing the increase of drought frequency, and urbanization. In terms of water production, water can be secured by construction a dam or procuring substitute water. However, the study approaches in terms of management of water supply area to control the existing water efficiently. Therefore, water demand was estimated by buildings, by which water load of micro water supply area was calculated. As a result, the deviation of water demand for 1,357 micro water supply areas could be calculated while the alternatives to dissolve the spatial demand unbalance were suggested by two types. From the study, firstly, we could anticipate the total water supply demand from the total sum by filtration plants but it was not possible to anticipate the characteristics of distribution within urban areas. For this, the study attempted to anticipate the demand of each 250 thousands of buildings, comprehending the demand of micro areas. Secondly, based on the built results, we suggest the directions to dissolve the water demand unbalance between and among regions, which could be the foundation to suggest the concrete methodology in the future.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and dema...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and demand in paddy fields in hilly regions in Sichuan Province. [Result] Rainfall in hilly areas was 3 611.10 m3/hm2; water for irrigation was 6 299.25 m3/hm2; evapotranspiration of rice was 6 424.95 m3/hm2; deep leakage was 2 459.55 m3/hm2; overflowing amount was 1 026.00 m3/hm2. In addition, water consumption totaled 8 884.50 m3/hm2 during rice production; water use was 0.99 kg/m3 and use efficiency of irrigated water was 1.40 kg/m3. [Conclusion] Water supply and consumption should be further organized to save water and fight against drought in hilly areas in Sichuan Province.展开更多
This study developed a systematic decision-making process for water supply capacity expansion using the analytic hierarchy process. The decision-making criteria were categorized into environmental, economic, technical...This study developed a systematic decision-making process for water supply capacity expansion using the analytic hierarchy process. The decision-making criteria were categorized into environmental, economic, technical and socio-cultural aspects. Capacity expansion of three water resources (Kpong, Weija and Teshie plants) of Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area (Ghana) was studied as a test case. The research resulted in the environmental criterion with the highest priority weight (52.4%), followed by the economic (30.6%), technical (11.3%) and socio-cultural criteria (5.8%). The overall analysis ranked the Kpong plant with a score of 36.1% followed by the Weija and Teshie plants with scores 33.8% and 30.2%, respectively.展开更多
Water quality index of reservoir source water were tracked during three years in a north frigid area,the effect on supplied water quality was also studied.Based on the analysis of the monitoring data during the same s...Water quality index of reservoir source water were tracked during three years in a north frigid area,the effect on supplied water quality was also studied.Based on the analysis of the monitoring data during the same season,the reservoir source water had typical and seasonal variation characteristics that was divided into four periods including the icebound period,spring period(or peach blossom period),stable period in summer and autumn and winter period.The icebound period was charactered by the typical low temperature and turbidity,pH and oxygen consumption decreased gradually showed that the gradually anaerobic trend existed in the reservoir.In May as the reservoir completely thawed,upstream water inflow and the total pollutant in the reservoir gradually increased,but the bottom of reservoir bottom was stable in the anaerobic state temporarily.The state completely disappeared,various index increased significantly in the middle of July.The water had high chroma characteristics,chroma and turbidity increased significantly in the summer and autumn(7-11months),but stability of water quality was poor because of rainfall.The reservoir gradually froze after the middle of November and the flow of water decreased.The peak of chroma appeared a month later than the water temperature.Due to the water turbidity was low,and the floc was small and light,the conventional water purification process design based on removal of turbidity achieved removal of chroma through a lot dosing of coagulant.展开更多
This paper describes a household model of the rainwater harvesting system in residential development of Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico. Harvested rainwater is estimated for designing a rainwater catchment system which ref...This paper describes a household model of the rainwater harvesting system in residential development of Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico. Harvested rainwater is estimated for designing a rainwater catchment system which reflects the maximum water supply to a household.Based on the estimation of the harvested rainwater the total water demand is calculated in order to explore the possible uses of rainwater. Major components in the rainwater catchment system are as follows catchment area downspout roof drain pipe and first flush tank cistern infiltration well pumping station and filtering system and ultraviolet UV water treatment.The rainwater harvesting system is designed to operate as the part of the central water supply system.This paper exposes the process of design and construction and its cost.In this way it aims to establish a technical and conceptual reference which enables the citizens to design their rainwater systems and their construction. This model will produce an important experience that can help to improve the systems in a Mexican context.It can be also useful for the international community.展开更多
文摘Water supply capability has been significantly reduced as water demand has been increased due to changes of the world's weather, causing the increase of drought frequency, and urbanization. In terms of water production, water can be secured by construction a dam or procuring substitute water. However, the study approaches in terms of management of water supply area to control the existing water efficiently. Therefore, water demand was estimated by buildings, by which water load of micro water supply area was calculated. As a result, the deviation of water demand for 1,357 micro water supply areas could be calculated while the alternatives to dissolve the spatial demand unbalance were suggested by two types. From the study, firstly, we could anticipate the total water supply demand from the total sum by filtration plants but it was not possible to anticipate the characteristics of distribution within urban areas. For this, the study attempted to anticipate the demand of each 250 thousands of buildings, comprehending the demand of micro areas. Secondly, based on the built results, we suggest the directions to dissolve the water demand unbalance between and among regions, which could be the foundation to suggest the concrete methodology in the future.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and demand in paddy fields in hilly regions in Sichuan Province. [Result] Rainfall in hilly areas was 3 611.10 m3/hm2; water for irrigation was 6 299.25 m3/hm2; evapotranspiration of rice was 6 424.95 m3/hm2; deep leakage was 2 459.55 m3/hm2; overflowing amount was 1 026.00 m3/hm2. In addition, water consumption totaled 8 884.50 m3/hm2 during rice production; water use was 0.99 kg/m3 and use efficiency of irrigated water was 1.40 kg/m3. [Conclusion] Water supply and consumption should be further organized to save water and fight against drought in hilly areas in Sichuan Province.
文摘This study developed a systematic decision-making process for water supply capacity expansion using the analytic hierarchy process. The decision-making criteria were categorized into environmental, economic, technical and socio-cultural aspects. Capacity expansion of three water resources (Kpong, Weija and Teshie plants) of Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area (Ghana) was studied as a test case. The research resulted in the environmental criterion with the highest priority weight (52.4%), followed by the economic (30.6%), technical (11.3%) and socio-cultural criteria (5.8%). The overall analysis ranked the Kpong plant with a score of 36.1% followed by the Weija and Teshie plants with scores 33.8% and 30.2%, respectively.
基金Sponsored by the Science and Technology Research Project of Heilongjiang Province Education Department(Grant No.12513088)PromisingYoungsters Training Program of Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology(Grant No.Q20120201)
文摘Water quality index of reservoir source water were tracked during three years in a north frigid area,the effect on supplied water quality was also studied.Based on the analysis of the monitoring data during the same season,the reservoir source water had typical and seasonal variation characteristics that was divided into four periods including the icebound period,spring period(or peach blossom period),stable period in summer and autumn and winter period.The icebound period was charactered by the typical low temperature and turbidity,pH and oxygen consumption decreased gradually showed that the gradually anaerobic trend existed in the reservoir.In May as the reservoir completely thawed,upstream water inflow and the total pollutant in the reservoir gradually increased,but the bottom of reservoir bottom was stable in the anaerobic state temporarily.The state completely disappeared,various index increased significantly in the middle of July.The water had high chroma characteristics,chroma and turbidity increased significantly in the summer and autumn(7-11months),but stability of water quality was poor because of rainfall.The reservoir gradually froze after the middle of November and the flow of water decreased.The peak of chroma appeared a month later than the water temperature.Due to the water turbidity was low,and the floc was small and light,the conventional water purification process design based on removal of turbidity achieved removal of chroma through a lot dosing of coagulant.
文摘This paper describes a household model of the rainwater harvesting system in residential development of Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico. Harvested rainwater is estimated for designing a rainwater catchment system which reflects the maximum water supply to a household.Based on the estimation of the harvested rainwater the total water demand is calculated in order to explore the possible uses of rainwater. Major components in the rainwater catchment system are as follows catchment area downspout roof drain pipe and first flush tank cistern infiltration well pumping station and filtering system and ultraviolet UV water treatment.The rainwater harvesting system is designed to operate as the part of the central water supply system.This paper exposes the process of design and construction and its cost.In this way it aims to establish a technical and conceptual reference which enables the citizens to design their rainwater systems and their construction. This model will produce an important experience that can help to improve the systems in a Mexican context.It can be also useful for the international community.
